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<meta itemprop="description" content="以体质指数应用为例介绍如何基于Java Chassis快速开发微服务应用">
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<h1 class="page__title" itemprop="headline">体质指数微服务应用快速开发
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<!-- <header><h4 class="nav__title"><i class="fa fa-file-text"></i> 在本页上</h4></header> -->
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<li><a href="#快速开发微服务应用" id="markdown-toc-快速开发微服务应用">快速开发微服务应用</a> <ul>
<li><a href="#体质指数计算器实现" id="markdown-toc-体质指数计算器实现">体质指数计算器实现</a></li>
<li><a href="#体质指数界面实现" id="markdown-toc-体质指数界面实现">体质指数界面实现</a></li>
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<h2 id="前言">前言</h2>
<p>在您进一步阅读之前，请确保您已阅读了<a href="/cn/docs/products/java-chassis/quick-start/">快速入门指南</a>，并已成功运行<strong>体质指数</strong>微服务。接下来将进入<strong>体质指数</strong>微服务应用的开发之旅。</p>
<h2 id="快速开发微服务应用">快速开发微服务应用</h2>
<p>在<a href="/cn/docs/products/java-chassis/quick-start/">快速入门指南</a>中已对<strong>体质指数</strong>微服务的架构进行了说明，其主要由两个微服务组成：</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>体质指数计算器</strong>：负责处理运算事务。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>体质指数界面</strong>：提供用户界面及网关服务。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>在开始前，需要先在服务的父工程中添加以下依赖项：</p>
<div class="language-java highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> <span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">dependencyManagement</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">dependencies</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">dependency</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">groupId</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="n">org</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">apache</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">servicecomb</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="n">groupId</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">artifactId</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="n">java</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">chassis</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">dependencies</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="n">artifactId</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">version</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">m1</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="n">version</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">type</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="n">pom</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="n">type</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">scope</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="kn">import</span><span class="err">&lt;/</span><span class="nn">scope</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="n">dependency</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="n">dependencies</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="n">dependencyManagement</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">dependencies</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">dependency</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">groupId</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="n">org</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">hibernate</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="n">groupId</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">artifactId</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="n">hibernate</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">validator</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="n">artifactId</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="n">dependency</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="n">dependencies</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>注意</strong>: <code class="highlighter-rouge">java-chassis-dependencies</code> 这个依赖是以pom的形式导入来统一项目中的依赖项的版本管理。</p>
<p>下面将对这两个微服务的实现进行介绍，其代码已托管于<a href="https://github.com/apache/servicecomb-samples/tree/1.3.0/java-chassis-samples/bmi">github</a>上。</p>
<h3 id="体质指数计算器实现">体质指数计算器实现</h3>
<p>体质指数计算器提供运算服务，其实现分为三部分：</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>具体运算实现</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>服务端点定义</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>服务启动入口</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="具体运算实现">具体运算实现</h4>
<p>本模块负责计算体质指数，根据公式 \(体质指数=\frac{体重}{身高^2}\) 进行实现，代码如下：</p>
<div class="language-java highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">interface</span> <span class="nc">CalculatorService</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="kt">double</span> <span class="nf">calculate</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="kt">double</span> <span class="n">height</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="kt">double</span> <span class="n">weight</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="nd">@Service</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">CalculatorServiceImpl</span> <span class="kd">implements</span> <span class="nc">CalculatorService</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="nd">@Override</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kt">double</span> <span class="nf">calculate</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="kt">double</span> <span class="n">height</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="kt">double</span> <span class="n">weight</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">height</span> <span class="o">&lt;=</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="o">||</span> <span class="n">weight</span> <span class="o">&lt;=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="k">throw</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nf">IllegalArgumentException</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"Arguments must be above 0"</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="kt">double</span> <span class="n">heightInMeter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">height</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="mi">100</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">weight</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">heightInMeter</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">heightInMeter</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<h4 id="服务端点定义">服务端点定义</h4>
<p>服务端点用于生成服务契约，使得服务间能无缝进行通信。首先定义端点接口：</p>
<div class="language-java highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">interface</span> <span class="nc">CalculatorEndpoint</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="kt">double</span> <span class="nf">calculate</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="kt">double</span> <span class="n">height</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="kt">double</span> <span class="n">weight</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>引入 <strong>ServiceComb</strong> 依赖：</p>
<div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> <span class="nt">&lt;dependency&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;groupId&gt;</span>org.apache.servicecomb<span class="nt">&lt;/groupId&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;artifactId&gt;</span>spring-boot-starter-provider<span class="nt">&lt;/artifactId&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/dependency&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>暴露运算服务的Restful端点：</p>
<div class="language-java highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nd">@RestSchema</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">schemaId</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"calculatorRestEndpoint"</span><span class="o">)</span>
<span class="nd">@RequestMapping</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"/"</span><span class="o">)</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">CalculatorRestEndpoint</span> <span class="kd">implements</span> <span class="nc">CalculatorEndpoint</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="kd">private</span> <span class="kd">final</span> <span class="nc">CalculatorService</span> <span class="n">calculatorService</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="nd">@Autowired</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="nf">CalculatorRestEndpoint</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nc">CalculatorService</span> <span class="n">calculatorService</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="k">this</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">calculatorService</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">calculatorService</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="nd">@Override</span>
<span class="nd">@GetMapping</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"/bmi"</span><span class="o">)</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kt">double</span> <span class="nf">calculate</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="kt">double</span> <span class="n">height</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="kt">double</span> <span class="n">weight</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">calculatorService</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">calculate</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">height</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">weight</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="notice--info">ServiceComb从0.3.0版本之后提供了对SpringMvc中简化注解(即<code class="highlighter-rouge">GetMapping</code>等)的支持。</p>
<p>这里用<code class="highlighter-rouge">@RestSchema</code>注释端点后， <strong>ServiceComb</strong> 微服务框架会自动生成对应的服务端点契约，并根据
如下的 <code class="highlighter-rouge">microservice.yaml</code> 文件中的定义来配置端点端口，将契约和服务一起注册到服务注册中心。</p>
<div class="language-yaml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="na">APPLICATION_ID</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">bmi</span>
<span class="na">service_description</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">name</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">calculator</span>
<span class="na">version</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">0.0.1</span>
<span class="na">servicecomb</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">service</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">registry</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">address</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">http://127.0.0.1:30100</span>
<span class="na">rest</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">address</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">0.0.0.0:7777</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<h4 id="服务启动入口">服务启动入口</h4>
<p>服务启动入口中只需添加 <code class="highlighter-rouge">@EnableServiceComb</code> 的注解即可启用 <em>ServiceComb</em> 微服务框架，代码如下：</p>
<div class="language-java highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nd">@SpringBootApplication</span>
<span class="nd">@EnableServiceComb</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">CalculatorApplication</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">static</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">main</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nc">String</span><span class="o">[]</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="nc">SpringApplication</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">run</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nc">CalculatorApplication</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">class</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="体质指数界面实现">体质指数界面实现</h3>
<p>本模块负责提供用户界面及网关服务。其实现主要分为三部分：</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>前端界面</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>网关及路由规则</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>服务启动入口</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>其中，前端界面的组件使用了<a href="http://getbootstrap.com/">Bootstrap</a>来开发。</p>
<h4 id="网关及路由规则">网关及路由规则</h4>
<p>网关服务主要用到了业界有名的<a href="https://github.com/Netflix/zuul/wiki">Netflix Zuul</a>来实现。</p>
<p>引入依赖：</p>
<div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> <span class="nt">&lt;dependency&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;groupId&gt;</span>org.apache.servicecomb<span class="nt">&lt;/groupId&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;artifactId&gt;</span>spring-boot-starter-discovery<span class="nt">&lt;/artifactId&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/dependency&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;dependency&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;groupId&gt;</span>org.apache.servicecomb<span class="nt">&lt;/groupId&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;artifactId&gt;</span>spring-boot-starter-servicecomb<span class="nt">&lt;/artifactId&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/dependency&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;dependency&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;groupId&gt;</span>org.apache.servicecomb<span class="nt">&lt;/groupId&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;artifactId&gt;</span>spring-cloud-zuul<span class="nt">&lt;/artifactId&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/dependency&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="notice--info">ServiceComb从0.4.0-SNAPSHOT版本之后新增了<code class="highlighter-rouge">spring-cloud-zuul</code>模块使能提供对zuul的兼容。</p>
<p>在 <code class="highlighter-rouge">application.yaml</code> 文件中配置路由规则及服务端口信息：</p>
<div class="language-yaml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="na">zuul</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">routes</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">calculator</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">/calculator/**</span>
<span class="c1"># disable netflix eureka since it's not used for service discovery</span>
<span class="na">ribbon</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">eureka</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">false</span>
<span class="na">server</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">port</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="m">8889</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>在 <code class="highlighter-rouge">microservice.yaml</code> 文件中配置网关服务的信息和服务注册中心的地址。</p>
<div class="language-yaml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="na">APPLICATION_ID</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">bmi</span>
<span class="na">service_description</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">name</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">gateway</span>
<span class="na">version</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">0.0.1</span>
<span class="na">servicecomb</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">service</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">registry</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">address</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">http://127.0.0.1:30100</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>此处将服务注册中心和Zuul相结合使其能发现服务。</p>
<h4 id="服务启动入口-1">服务启动入口</h4>
<p>服务启动入口也只需要声明启用 <code class="highlighter-rouge">ServiceComb</code> 和 <code class="highlighter-rouge">Zuul</code> 即可。</p>
<div class="language-java highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nd">@SpringBootApplication</span>
<span class="nd">@EnableZuulProxy</span>
<span class="nd">@EnableServiceComb</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">GatewayApplication</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">static</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">main</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nc">String</span><span class="o">[]</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="nc">SpringApplication</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">run</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nc">GatewayApplication</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">class</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>至此，<strong>体质指数</strong>应用已开发完毕，您可以通过<a href="/cn/docs/products/java-chassis/quick-start/#运行微服务应用">快速入门指南</a>中的步骤对其进行验证。</p>
<h2 id="下一步">下一步</h2>
<ul>
<li>阅读 <a href="/cn/docs/products/java-chassis/advance/">微服务开发进阶</a></li>
</ul>
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