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<h1 class="page__title" itemprop="headline">使用Zuul做边缘服务
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<!-- <header><h4 class="nav__title"><i class="fa fa-file-text"></i> 在本页上</h4></header> -->
<ul class="toc__menu" id="markdown-toc">
<li><a href="#概念阐述" id="markdown-toc-概念阐述">概念阐述</a> <ul>
<li><a href="#api-gateway" id="markdown-toc-api-gateway">API Gateway:</a></li>
<li><a href="#zuul" id="markdown-toc-zuul">Zuul</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#场景描述" id="markdown-toc-场景描述">场景描述</a></li>
<li><a href="#注意事项" id="markdown-toc-注意事项">注意事项</a></li>
<li><a href="#启动zuul-proxy" id="markdown-toc-启动zuul-proxy">启动Zuul Proxy</a></li>
<li><a href="#使用zuul-proxy" id="markdown-toc-使用zuul-proxy">使用Zuul Proxy</a></li>
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</aside>
<h2 id="概念阐述">概念阐述</h2>
<h3 id="api-gateway">API Gateway:</h3>
<p>API Gateway是一个服务器,也可以说是进入系统的唯一节点。API Gateway封装内部系统的架构,并且提供API给各个客户端。</p>
<h3 id="zuul">Zuul</h3>
<p>Zuul是Netflix的基于JVM的路由器和服务器端负载均衡器,可以使用Zuul进行以下操作:</p>
<ul>
<li>认证</li>
<li>洞察</li>
<li>压力测试</li>
<li>金丝雀测试</li>
<li>动态路由</li>
<li>服务迁移</li>
<li>负载脱落</li>
<li>安全</li>
<li>静态相响应处理</li>
<li>主动/被动流量管理</li>
</ul>
<p>本小节主要介绍在SpringBoot应用中使用Zuul做API Gateway。关于Zuul的详细功能介绍请参考文档<a href="https://springcloud.cc/spring-cloud-dalston.html#_router_and_filter_zuul">路由器和过滤器:Zuul</a></p>
<h2 id="场景描述">场景描述</h2>
<p>Zuul做API Gateway,即建立一个Zuul Proxy应用,在该Proxy应用中统一定义所有的微服务访问入口,通过使用不同的前缀(stripped)来区分各个微服务。本小节通过建立一个ZuulProxy SpringBoot应用来演示Zuul的API Gateway功能。</p>
<h2 id="注意事项">注意事项</h2>
<p>本小节介绍的ZuulProxy和ZuulServer等demo都是基于SpringBoot和ServiceComb框架的应用,具体请参考<a href="/cn/users/use-servicecomb-in-spring-boot/">在ServiceComb框架中集成SpringBoot框架</a></p>
<h2 id="启动zuul-proxy">启动Zuul Proxy</h2>
<p>本节介绍如何启动一个zuul proxy应用作为API Gateway。步骤如下:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>步骤 1</strong>在pom文件中添加依赖:</p>
<div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> <span class="nt">&lt;dependency&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;groupId&gt;</span>org.springframework.cloud<span class="nt">&lt;/groupId&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;artifactId&gt;</span>spring-cloud-starter-zuul<span class="nt">&lt;/artifactId&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/dependency&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;dependency&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;groupId&gt;</span>org.springframework.cloud<span class="nt">&lt;/groupId&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;artifactId&gt;</span>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon<span class="nt">&lt;/artifactId&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/dependency&gt;&lt;dependency&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;groupId&gt;</span>org.springframework.cloud<span class="nt">&lt;/groupId&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;artifactId&gt;</span>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix<span class="nt">&lt;/artifactId&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/dependency&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;dependency&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;groupId&gt;</span>org.apache.servicecomb<span class="nt">&lt;/groupId&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;artifactId&gt;</span>spring-boot-starter-discovery<span class="nt">&lt;/artifactId&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/dependency&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div> </div>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>步骤 2</strong>在SpringBoot主类添加注解:</p>
<div class="language-java highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> <span class="nd">@SpringBootApplication</span>
<span class="nd">@EnableServiceComb</span>
<span class="nd">@EnableZuulProxy</span><span class="c1">//新增注解</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">ZuulMain</span><span class="o">{</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">static</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">main</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nc">String</span><span class="o">[]</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="kd">throws</span> <span class="nc">Exception</span><span class="o">{</span>
<span class="nc">SpringApplication</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">run</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nc">ZuulMain</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">class</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
</code></pre></div> </div>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>步骤 3</strong>在application.yml文件中定义路由策略:</p>
<div class="language-yaml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> <span class="na">server</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">port</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="m">8754</span> <span class="c1">#api gateway服务端口</span>
<span class="na">zuul</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">routes</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="c1">#路由策略</span>
<span class="na">discoveryServer</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">/myServer/**</span> <span class="c1">#路由规则</span>
</code></pre></div> </div>
<p>上述的配置项可以根据实际开发环境进行配置。关于zuul.routers的路由策略的详细定义规则,请参考官方文献:<a href="https://springcloud.cc/spring-cloud-dalston.html#_router_and_filter_zuul">路由器和过滤器:Zuul</a>,可更细粒度地对路由进行控制。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>步骤 4</strong>在microservice.yaml定义微服务属性:</p>
<div class="language-yaml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> <span class="na">APPLICATION_ID</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">discoverytest</span> <span class="c1">#服务ID</span>
<span class="na">service_description</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">name</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">discoveryGateway</span> <span class="c1">#服务名称</span>
<span class="na">version</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">0.0.2</span> <span class="c1">#服务版本号</span>
<span class="na">servicecomb</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">service</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">registry</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">address</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">http://127.0.0.1:30100</span> <span class="c1">#服务注册中心地址</span>
<span class="na">rest</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">address</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">0.0.0.0:8082</span> <span class="c1">#微服务端口,可不写</span>
</code></pre></div> </div>
</li>
</ul>
<p>本小节所有服务使用的都是本地的服务中心,具体的服务中心启动流程请参考<a href="/cn/users/setup-environment/#运行service-center">启动本地服务中心</a></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>步骤 5 </strong>运行ZuulMain 应用</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="使用zuul-proxy">使用Zuul Proxy</h2>
<p>在使用zuul做的API Gateway前,首先要启动在zuul.routers中定义的微服务提供者。</p>
<p>开发服务提供者,开发流程请参考<a href="/cn/users/service-definition/">开发服务提供者</a>。在微服务microservice.yaml文件中需注意以下两点:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>APPLICATION_ID需要于zuul proxy中定义的保持一致。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>service_description.name需要于zuul.routers中相对应。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>示例如下:</p>
<div class="language-yaml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="na">APPLICATION_ID</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">discoverytest</span> <span class="c1">#与zuul proxy一致</span>
<span class="na">service_description</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">name</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">discoveryServer</span> <span class="c1">#服务名称,与zuul.routers对应</span>
<span class="na">version</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">0.0.2</span>
<span class="na">servicecomb</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">service</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">registry</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">address</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">http://127.0.0.1:30100</span> <span class="c1">#服务注册中心地址</span>
<span class="na">rest</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">address</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">0.0.0.0:8080</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>API Gateway的访问入口为:<a href="http://127.0.0.1:8754">http://127.0.0.1:8754</a>,所有在zuul.routers中定义的服务都可通过这个访问入口进行代理访问,访问规则如下:</p>
<p>http://127.0.0.1:8754/myServer/***](http://127.0.0.1:8754/myServer/***)</p>
<p>这表示,Http调用<a href="http://127.0.0.1:8754/myServer/***">http://127.0.0.1:8754/myServer/***</a>,会转到discoveryServer服务(例如:”/myServer/101”跳转到discoveryServer 服务下的”/101”)</p>
<blockquote>
<p>如果在服务中心同时存在多个discoveryServer服务(版本不同),zuul默认采用Ribbon策略对请求进行转发。</p>
</blockquote>
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