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| <meta itemprop="headline" content="用Spring Boot Starter开发微服务"> |
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| <h1 class="page__title" itemprop="headline">用Spring Boot Starter开发微服务 |
| </h1> |
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| <!-- <header><h4 class="nav__title"><i class="fa fa-file-text"></i> 在本页上</h4></header> --> |
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| <li><a href="#概念阐述" id="markdown-toc-概念阐述">概念阐述</a> <ul> |
| <li><a href="#springboot框架" id="markdown-toc-springboot框架">SpringBoot框架</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#在servicecomb中集成springboot" id="markdown-toc-在servicecomb中集成springboot">在ServiceComb中集成SpringBoot</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a href="#开发示例" id="markdown-toc-开发示例">开发示例</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#涉及api" id="markdown-toc-涉及api">涉及API</a></li> |
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| <h2 id="概念阐述">概念阐述</h2> |
| <h3 id="springboot框架">SpringBoot框架</h3> |
| <p>Spring Boot是由Pivotal团队提供的全新框架，其设计目的是用来简化新Spring应用的初始搭建以及开发过程。该框架使用了特定的方式来进行配置，从而使开发人员不再需要定义样板化的配置。从最根本上来讲，Spring Boot就是一些库的集合，它能够被任意项目的构建系统所使用。Boot的功能是模块化的，通过导入Boot所谓的”starter”模块，可以将许多的依赖添加到工程中。</p> |
| |
| <h3 id="在servicecomb中集成springboot">在ServiceComb中集成SpringBoot</h3> |
| <p>使用原生的ServiceComb框架开发微服务应用，如若需要使用ServiceComb框架提供的各项功能服务，需要在微服务项目工程pom文件中添加相应的依赖包，例如需要使用ServiceComb框架提供的负载均衡服务，需要添加handler-loadbalance包依赖。这样可以把ServiceComb提供的能力以starter的方式插入Spring Boot中，同时使用Spring Boot中提供的其他开箱即用的starter（例如SpringCloud）一起构建微服务。</p> |
| |
| <h2 id="开发示例">开发示例</h2> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>步骤 1</strong> 添加依赖。</p> |
| |
| <p>在Maven的pom.xml中添加所需的依赖：</p> |
| |
| <div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> <span class="nt"><dependencyManagement></span> |
| <span class="nt"><dependencies></span> |
| <span class="nt"><dependency></span> |
| <span class="nt"><groupId></span>org.apache.servicecomb<span class="nt"></groupId></span> |
| <span class="nt"><artifactId></span>java-chassis-dependencies<span class="nt"></artifactId></span> |
| <span class="nt"><version></span>1.0.0-m1<span class="nt"></version></span> |
| <span class="nt"><type></span>pom<span class="nt"></type></span> |
| <span class="nt"><scope></span>import<span class="nt"></scope></span> |
| <span class="nt"></dependency></span> |
| <span class="nt"></dependencies></span> |
| <span class="nt"></dependencyManagement></span> |
| <span class="nt"><dependencies></span> |
| <span class="nt"><dependency></span> |
| <span class="nt"><groupId></span>org.springframework.boot<span class="nt"></groupId></span> |
| <span class="nt"><artifactId></span>spring-boot-starter<span class="nt"></artifactId></span> |
| <span class="nt"></dependency></span> |
| <span class="c"><!--spring-boot-starter-provider中已经包含transport-rest-vertx和transport-highway--></span> |
| <span class="nt"><dependency></span> |
| <span class="nt"><groupId></span>org.apache.servicecomb<span class="nt"></groupId></span> |
| <span class="nt"><artifactId></span>spring-boot-starter-provider<span class="nt"></artifactId></span> |
| <span class="nt"></dependency></span> |
| <span class="nt"><dependency></span> |
| <span class="nt"><groupId></span>org.hibernate<span class="nt"></groupId></span> |
| <span class="nt"><artifactId></span>hibernate-validator<span class="nt"></artifactId></span> |
| <span class="nt"></dependency></span> |
| <span class="nt"></dependencies></span> |
| </code></pre></div> </div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>步骤 2</strong> 实现服务。</p> |
| |
| <p>使用Spring MVC注解开发业务代码，Hello的服务实现如下：</p> |
| |
| <div class="language-java highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType</span><span class="o">;</span> |
| <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody</span><span class="o">;</span> |
| <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping</span><span class="o">;</span> |
| <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod</span><span class="o">;</span> |
| <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam</span><span class="o">;</span> |
| <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">org.apache.servicecomb.samples.common.schema.models.Person</span><span class="o">;</span> |
| |
| <span class="nd">@RequestMapping</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">path</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"/springmvchello"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">produces</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nc">MediaType</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">APPLICATION_JSON</span><span class="o">)</span> |
| <span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">SpringmvcHelloImpl</span> <span class="o">{</span> |
| <span class="nd">@RequestMapping</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">path</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"/sayhi"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">method</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nc">RequestMethod</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">POST</span><span class="o">)</span> |
| <span class="kd">public</span> <span class="nc">String</span> <span class="nf">sayHi</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nd">@RequestParam</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"name"</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="nc">String</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span> |
| <span class="err"> </span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="s">"Hello "</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">;</span> |
| <span class="o">}</span> |
| |
| <span class="nd">@RequestMapping</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">path</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"/sayhello"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">method</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nc">RequestMethod</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">POST</span><span class="o">)</span> |
| <span class="kd">public</span> <span class="nc">String</span> <span class="nf">sayHello</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nd">@RequestBody</span> <span class="nc">Person</span> <span class="n">person</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span> |
| <span class="err"> </span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="s">"Hello person "</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">person</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">getName</span><span class="o">();</span> |
| <span class="err"> </span><span class="o">}</span> |
| <span class="o">}</span> |
| </code></pre></div> </div> |
| |
| <p><strong>注意：请一定在服务的实现类（本文档例子为SpringmvcHelloImpl）上标记@RequestMapping，否则接口发布的Path和Method将会不正确！</strong></p> |
| |
| <p>本例sayHi的访问Path为<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/springmvchello/sayhi</code>，sayHello的访问Path为<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/springmvchello/sayhello</code>，如果希望他们的访问路径为<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/sayhi</code>和<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/sayhello</code>，直接设置SpringmvcHelloImpl上的<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@RequestMapping</code>为<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@RequestMapping(path = "/")</code>。</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>步骤 3</strong> 发布服务</p> |
| |
| <p>在服务的实现类上打上注解@RestSchema，指定schemaId，表示该实现作为当前微服务的一个schema发布，代码如下：</p> |
| |
| <div class="language-java highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">org.apache.servicecomb.provider.rest.common.RestSchema</span><span class="o">;</span> |
| <span class="c1">// other code omitted</span> |
| <span class="nd">@RestSchema</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">schemaId</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"springmvcHello"</span><span class="o">)</span> |
| <span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">SpringmvcHelloImpl</span> <span class="o">{</span> |
| <span class="c1">// other code omitted</span> |
| <span class="o">}</span> |
| </code></pre></div> </div> |
| |
| <p>然后在<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">resources/META-INF/spring</code>目录下创建<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">springmvcHello.bean.xml</code>文件，命名规则为<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">\*.bean.xml</code>，配置spring进行服务扫描的base-package，文件内容如下：</p> |
| |
| <div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> <span class="cp"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?></span> |
| |
| <span class="nt"><beans</span> <span class="na">xmlns=</span><span class="s">"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"</span> |
| <span class="na">xmlns:xsi=</span><span class="s">"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"</span> |
| <span class="na">xmlns:context=</span><span class="s">"http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"</span> |
| <span class="na">xsi:schemaLocation=</span><span class="s">"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans classpath:org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans-3.0.xsd |
| http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| |
| <span class="nt"><context:component-scan</span> <span class="na">base-package=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.servicecomb.samples.springmvc.provider"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"></beans></span> |
| </code></pre></div> </div> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <blockquote> |
| <p><strong>说明</strong>： |
| Spring Boot已经包含了默认的Bean扫描策略，如果能够保证Spring Boot能够找到我们的<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">SpringmvcHelloImpl</code>，那么无需定义<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">springmvcHello.bean.xml</code>。</p> |
| </blockquote> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>步骤 4</strong> 添加服务定义。</p> |
| |
| <p>在resources目录中添加<a href="https://docs.servicecomb.io/java-chassis/zh_CN/build-provider/definition/service-definition.html">microservice.yaml</a>。</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>步骤 5</strong> 添加Main启动类</p> |
| |
| <div class="language-java highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">org.apache.servicecomb.springboot.starter.provider.EnableServiceComb</span><span class="o">;</span> |
| <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication</span><span class="o">;</span> |
| <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication</span><span class="o">;</span> |
| |
| <span class="nd">@SpringBootApplication</span> |
| <span class="c1">//EnableServiceComb注解用于在Spring Boot程序内拉起ServiceComb</span> |
| <span class="nd">@EnableServiceComb</span> |
| <span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">Application</span> <span class="o">{</span> |
| <span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">static</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">main</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nc">String</span><span class="o">[]</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span> |
| <span class="nc">SpringApplication</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">run</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nc">Application</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">class</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="o">);</span> |
| <span class="o">}</span> |
| <span class="o">}</span> |
| </code></pre></div> </div> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <h2 id="涉及api">涉及API</h2> |
| |
| <p>用Spring Boot Starter开发微服务同样使用Spring MVC开发模式，当前支持org.springframework.web.bind.annotation包下的如下注解，所有注解的使用方法参考<a href="https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/current/spring-framework-reference/html/mvc.html">Spring MVC官方文档</a>。</p> |
| |
| <table> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th style="text-align: left">注解</th> |
| <th style="text-align: left">位置</th> |
| <th style="text-align: left">描述</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td style="text-align: left">RequestMapping</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">schema/operation</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">支持标注path/method/produces三种数据，operation默认继承schema上的produces</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td style="text-align: left">GetMapping</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">schema/operation</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">支持标注path/produces两种数据，operation默认继承schema上的produces</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td style="text-align: left">PutMapping</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">schema/operation</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">支持标注path/produces两种数据，operation默认继承schema上的produces</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td style="text-align: left">PostMapping</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">schema/operation</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">支持标注path/produces两种数据，operation默认继承schema上的produces</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td style="text-align: left">DeleteMapping</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">schema/operation</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">支持标注path/produces两种数据，operation默认继承schema上的produces</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td style="text-align: left">PatchMapping</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">schema/operation</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">支持标注path/produces两种数据，operation默认继承schema上的produces</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td style="text-align: left">PathVariable</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">parameter</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">从path中获取参数</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td style="text-align: left">RequestParam</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">parameter</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">从query中获取参数</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td style="text-align: left">RequestHeader</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">parameter</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">从header中获取参数</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td style="text-align: left">RequestBody</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">parameter</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">从body中获取参数，每个operation只能有一个body参数</td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
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