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| <h2 id="通信协议">通信协议</h2> |
| <h3 id="概念阐述">概念阐述</h3> |
| |
| <p>ServiceComb实现了两种网络通道，包括REST和Highway，均支持TLS加密传输。其中，REST网络通道将服务以标准RESTful形式发布，调用端兼容直接使用http client使用标准RESTful形式进行调用。</p> |
| |
| <h3 id="注意事项">注意事项</h3> |
| |
| <p>参数和返回值的序列化：</p> |
| |
| <p>当前REST通道的body参数只支持application/json序列化方式，如果要向服务端发送form类型的参数，那么需要在调用端构造好application/json格式的body，不能直接以multipart/form-data格式传递form类型参数。</p> |
| |
| <p>当前REST通道返回值支持application/json和text/plain两种格式，服务提供者通过produces声明可提供序列化能力，服务消费者通过请求的Accept头指明返回值序列化方式，默认返回application/json格式的数据。</p> |
| |
| <h2 id="线程模型">线程模型</h2> |
| <h3 id="概念阐述-1">概念阐述</h3> |
| |
| <p>本小节主要介绍ServiceComb微服务的完整线程模型，介绍IO线程和业务线程之间的关系</p> |
| |
| <h3 id="完整线程">完整线程</h3> |
| |
| <p>ServiceComb微服务的完整线程模型如下图所示：</p> |
| |
| <p><img src="/assets/images/thread-model.png" alt="" /></p> |
| |
| <blockquote> |
| <ol> |
| <li>业务线程在第一次调用时会绑定某一个网络线程,避免在不同网络线程之间切换,无谓地增加线程冲突的概率</li> |
| <li>业务线程绑定网络线程后,会再绑定该网络线程内部的某个连接,同样是为了避免线程冲突</li> |
| </ol> |
| </blockquote> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>客户端和服务器都可以配置多个网络线程(eventloop)，默认为CPU核数的两倍，每个网络线程可以配置多个连接，默认为1，支持Rest和Highway两种网络通道，具体配置请查看如下章节： |
| <ul> |
| <li><a href="/cn/users/communicate-protocol#rest-over-servlet">REST over Servlet</a></li> |
| <li><a href="/cn/users/communicate-protocol/#rest-over-vertx">REST over Vertx</a></li> |
| <li><a href="/cn/users/communicate-protocol/#highway-rpc协议">Highway RPC协议</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li>客户端可配置业务线程池executor，线程粒度可细化至schemaId:operation，配置如下：</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <p>在microservice.yaml中添加executors配置，为schemaId:operation配置单独的业务线程池：</p> |
| |
| <div class="language-yaml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="na">servicecomb</span><span class="pi">:</span> |
| <span class="na">executors</span><span class="pi">:</span> |
| <span class="na">Provider</span><span class="pi">:</span> |
| <span class="pi">[</span><span class="nv">schemaId</span><span class="pi">]</span><span class="s">.[operation]</span> |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <h2 id="rest-over-servlet">REST over Servlet</h2> |
| <h3 id="配置说明">配置说明</h3> |
| |
| <p> REST over Servlet对应使用web容器模式部署运行，需要新建一个servlet工程将微服务包装起来，加载到web容器中启动运行，包装微服务的方法有两种，一种完全使用web.xml配置文件配置，另一种仅在web.xml文件中配置listener，在microservice.yaml文件中配置urlPattern，两种方式如下所示：</p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>在web.xml文件中完成全部配置</p> |
| |
| <p>web.xml文件配置在项目的src/main/webapp/WEB_INF目录，配置内容如下：</p> |
| |
| <div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> <span class="nt"><web-app</span> <span class="na">xmlns=</span><span class="s">"http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"</span> <span class="na">xmlns:xsi=</span><span class="s">"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"</span> <span class="na">xsi:schemaLocation=</span><span class="s">"http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"</span> <span class="na">version=</span><span class="s">"3.0"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><context-param></span> |
| <span class="nt"><param-name></span>contextConfigLocation<span class="nt"></param-name></span> |
| <span class="nt"><param-value></span>classpath*:META-INF/spring/*.bean.xml classpath*:app-config.xml<span class="nt"></param-value></span> |
| <span class="nt"></context-param></span> |
| <span class="nt"><listener></span> |
| <span class="nt"><listener-class></span>org.apache.servicecomb.transport.rest.servlet.RestServletContextListener<span class="nt"></listener-class></span> |
| <span class="nt"></listener></span> |
| <span class="nt"><servlet></span> |
| <span class="nt"><servlet-name></span>RestServlet<span class="nt"></servlet-name></span> |
| <span class="nt"><servlet-class></span>org.apache.servicecomb.transport.rest.servlet.RestServlet<span class="nt"></servlet-class></span> |
| <span class="nt"><load-on-startup></span>1<span class="nt"></load-on-startup></span> |
| <span class="nt"><async-supported></span>true<span class="nt"></async-supported></span> |
| <span class="nt"></servlet></span> |
| <span class="nt"><servlet-mapping></span> |
| <span class="nt"><servlet-name></span>RestServlet<span class="nt"></servlet-name></span> |
| <span class="nt"><url-pattern></span>/rest/*<span class="nt"></url-pattern></span> |
| <span class="nt"></servlet-mapping></span> |
| <span class="nt"></web-app></span> |
| </code></pre></div> </div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>在web.xml文件中仅配置listener，在microservice.yaml文件中配置urlPattern</p> |
| |
| <div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> <span class="nt"><web-app</span> <span class="na">xmlns=</span><span class="s">"http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"</span> <span class="na">xmlns:xsi=</span><span class="s">"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"</span> <span class="na">xsi:schemaLocation=</span><span class="s">"http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"</span> <span class="na">version=</span><span class="s">"3.0"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><context-param></span> |
| <span class="nt"><param-name></span>contextConfigLocation<span class="nt"></param-name></span> |
| <span class="nt"><param-value></span>classpath*:META-INF/spring/*.bean.xml classpath*:app-config.xml<span class="nt"></param-value></span> |
| <span class="nt"></context-param></span> |
| <span class="nt"><listener></span> |
| <span class="nt"><listener-class></span>org.apache.servicecomb.transport.rest.servlet.RestServletContextListener<span class="nt"></listener-class></span> |
| <span class="nt"></listener></span> |
| <span class="nt"></web-app></span> |
| </code></pre></div> </div> |
| |
| <p>在microservice.yaml文件中需要增加一行配置来指定urlPattern：</p> |
| |
| <div class="language-yaml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> <span class="s">servicecomb.rest.servlet.urlPattern</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">/rest/*</span> |
| </code></pre></div> </div> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <p>以上两种方式是等效的，两种方式都需要在maven pom文件中添加如下依赖：</p> |
| |
| <div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt"><dependency></span> |
| <span class="nt"><groupId></span>org.apache.servicecomb<span class="nt"></groupId></span> |
| <span class="nt"><artifactId></span>transport-rest-servlet<span class="nt"></artifactId></span> |
| <span class="nt"></dependency></span> |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p>REST over Servlet在microservice.yaml文件中的配置项见下表：</p> |
| |
| <p>表1 REST over Servlet配置项说明</p> |
| |
| <table> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th style="text-align: left">配置项</th> |
| <th style="text-align: left">默认值</th> |
| <th style="text-align: left">取值范围</th> |
| <th style="text-align: left">是否必选</th> |
| <th style="text-align: left">含义</th> |
| <th style="text-align: left">注意</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td style="text-align: left">servicecomb.rest.address</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">0.0.0.0:8080</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">-</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">否</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">服务监听地址</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">-</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td style="text-align: left">servicecomb.rest.timeout</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">3000</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">-</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">否</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">超时时间</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">单位为毫秒</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td style="text-align: left">servicecomb.request.timeout</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">30000</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">-</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">否</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">请求超时时间</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">同REST over Vertx的配置</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td style="text-align: left">servicecomb.references.[服务名].transport</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">rest</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left"> </td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">否</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">访问的transport类型</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">同REST over Vertx的配置</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td style="text-align: left">servicecomb.references.[服务名].version-rule</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">latest</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">-</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">否</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">访问实例的版本号</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">同REST over Vertx的配置</td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| |
| <h3 id="示例代码">示例代码</h3> |
| |
| <p>microservice.yaml文件中的配置示例如下：</p> |
| |
| <div class="language-yaml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="na">servicecomb</span><span class="pi">:</span> |
| <span class="na">rest</span><span class="pi">:</span> |
| <span class="na">address</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">0.0.0.0:8080</span> |
| <span class="na">timeout</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="m">3000</span> |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <h2 id="rest-over-vertx">REST over Vertx</h2> |
| <h3 id="配置说明-1">配置说明</h3> |
| |
| <p>REST over Vertx通信通道对应使用standalone部署运行模式，可直接通过main函数拉起。main函数中需要初始化日志和加载服务配置，代码如下：</p> |
| |
| <div class="language-java highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">org.apache.servicecomb.foundation.common.utils.BeanUtils</span><span class="o">;</span> |
| <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">org.apache.servicecomb.foundation.common.utils.Log4jUtils</span><span class="o">;</span> |
| |
| <span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">MainServer</span> <span class="o">{</span> |
| <span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">static</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">main</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nc">String</span><span class="o">[]</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="kd">throws</span> <span class="nc">Exception</span> <span class="o">{</span> |
| <span class="err"> </span><span class="nc">Log4jUtils</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">init</span><span class="o">();</span><span class="c1">//日志初始化</span> |
| <span class="err"> </span><span class="nc">BeanUtils</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">init</span><span class="o">();</span> <span class="c1">// Spring bean初始化</span> |
| <span class="o">}</span> |
| <span class="o">}</span> |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p>使用REST over Vertx网络通道需要在maven pom文件中添加如下依赖：</p> |
| |
| <div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt"><dependency></span> |
| <span class="nt"><groupId></span>org.apache.servicecomb<span class="nt"></groupId></span> |
| <span class="nt"><artifactId></span>transport-rest-vertx<span class="nt"></artifactId></span> |
| <span class="nt"></dependency></span> |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p>REST over Vertx通道在microservice.yaml文件中有以下配置项：</p> |
| |
| <p>表2 REST over Vertx配置项说明</p> |
| |
| <table> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th style="text-align: left">配置项</th> |
| <th style="text-align: left">默认值</th> |
| <th style="text-align: left">取值范围</th> |
| <th style="text-align: left">是否必选</th> |
| <th style="text-align: left">含义</th> |
| <th style="text-align: left">注意</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td style="text-align: left">servicecomb.rest.address</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">0.0.0.0:8080</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">-</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">否</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">服务监听地址</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">仅服务提供者需要配置</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td style="text-align: left">servicecomb.rest.server.thread-count</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">1</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">-</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">否</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">服务端线程数</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">仅服务提供者需要配置</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td style="text-align: left">servicecomb.rest.client.thread-count</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">1</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">-</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">否</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">客户端网络线程数</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">仅服务消费者需要配置</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td style="text-align: left">servicecomb.rest.client.connection-pool-per-thread</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">1</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">-</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">否</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">客户端每个网络线程中的连接池的个数</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">仅服务消费者需要配置</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td style="text-align: left">servicecomb.request.timeout</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">30000</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">-</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">否</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">请求超时时间</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left"> </td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td style="text-align: left">servicecomb.references.[服务名].transport</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">rest</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left"> </td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">否</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">访问的transport类型</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">仅服务消费者需要配置</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td style="text-align: left">servicecomb.references.[服务名].version-rule</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">latest</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">-</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">否</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">访问实例的版本号</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">仅服务消费者需要配置支持latest，1.0.0+，1.0.0-2.0.2，精确版本。详细参考服务中心的接口描述。</td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| |
| <h3 id="示例代码-1">示例代码</h3> |
| |
| <p>microservice.yaml文件中的配置示例：</p> |
| |
| <div class="language-yaml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="na">servicecomb</span><span class="pi">:</span> |
| <span class="na">rest</span><span class="pi">:</span> |
| <span class="na">address</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">0.0.0.0:8080</span> |
| <span class="na">thread-count</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="m">1</span> |
| <span class="na">references</span><span class="pi">:</span> |
| <span class="na">hello</span><span class="pi">:</span> |
| <span class="na">transport</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">rest</span> |
| <span class="na">version-rule</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">0.0.1</span> |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <h2 id="highway-rpc协议">Highway RPC协议</h2> |
| <h3 id="概念阐述-2">概念阐述</h3> |
| |
| <p>Highway是ServiceComb的高性能私有协议，用户可在有特殊性能需求的场景下选用。</p> |
| |
| <h3 id="配置说明-2">配置说明</h3> |
| |
| <p>使用Highway网络通道需要在maven pom文件中添加如下依赖：</p> |
| |
| <div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt"><dependency></span> |
| <span class="nt"><groupId></span>org.apache.servicecomb<span class="nt"></groupId></span> |
| <span class="nt"><artifactId></span>transport-highway<span class="nt"></artifactId></span> |
| <span class="nt"></dependency></span> |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p>Highway通道在microservice.yaml文件中的配置项如下表所示：</p> |
| |
| <p>表3 Highway配置项说明</p> |
| |
| <table> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th style="text-align: left">配置项</th> |
| <th style="text-align: left">默认值</th> |
| <th style="text-align: left">取值范围</th> |
| <th style="text-align: left">是否必选</th> |
| <th style="text-align: left">含义</th> |
| <th style="text-align: left">注意</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td style="text-align: left">servicecomb.highway.address</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">0.0.0.0:7070</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">-</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">否</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">服务监听地址</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">-</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td style="text-align: left">servicecomb.highway.server.thread-count</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">1</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">-</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">否</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">服务端网络线程个数</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">-</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td style="text-align: left">servicecomb.highway.client.thread-count</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">1</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">-</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">否</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">客户端网络线程个数</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">-</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td style="text-align: left">servicecomb.highway.client.connection-pool-per-thread</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">1</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">-</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">否</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">客户端每个网络线程的连接池个数</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">-</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td style="text-align: left">servicecomb.request.timeout</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">30000</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">-</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">否</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">请求超时时间</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">同REST over Vertx的配置</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td style="text-align: left">servicecomb.references.[服务名].transport</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">rest</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left"> </td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">否</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">访问的transport类型</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">同REST over Vertx的配置</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td style="text-align: left">servicecomb.references.[服务名].version-rule</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">latest</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">-</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">否</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">访问实例的版本号</td> |
| <td style="text-align: left">同REST over Vertx的配置</td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| |
| <h3 id="示例代码-2">示例代码</h3> |
| |
| <p>microservice.yaml文件中的配置示例：</p> |
| |
| <div class="language-yaml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="na">servicecomb</span><span class="pi">:</span> |
| <span class="na">highway</span><span class="pi">:</span> |
| <span class="na">address</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">0.0.0.0:7070</span> |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
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