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| |
| <h1 id="_1">开发第一个微服务</h1> |
| <h2 id="_2">准备工作</h2> |
| <p>在开发第一个Java-Chassis微服务之前，请先确保你的本地开发环境已经准备就绪，参考<a href="development-environment.html">安装本地开发环境</a>。</p> |
| <p>本文示例需要用到服务中心，请参考<a href="http://servicecomb.apache.org/cn/docs/products/service-center/install/">ServiceCenter 安装说明</a>。</p> |
| <h2 id="helloworld">开发一个HelloWorld服务</h2> |
| <h3 id="pom">配置pom文件</h3> |
| <p>创建一个空的maven工程。建议先配置<code>dependencyManagement</code>来管理依赖项，依赖项只需要引入<code>solution-basic</code>即可：</p> |
| <pre><code class="language-xml"><dependencyManagement> |
| <dependencies> |
| <dependency> |
| <groupId>org.apache.servicecomb</groupId> |
| <artifactId>java-chassis-dependencies</artifactId> |
| <version>${java-chassis-dependencies.version}</version> |
| <type>pom</type> |
| <scope>import</scope> |
| </dependency> |
| </dependencies> |
| </dependencyManagement> |
| <dependencies> |
| <dependency> |
| <groupId>org.apache.servicecomb</groupId> |
| <artifactId>solution-basic</artifactId> |
| </dependency> |
| <dependency> |
| <groupId>org.apache.servicecomb</groupId> |
| <artifactId>registry-service-center</artifactId> |
| </dependency> |
| <dependency> |
| <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId> |
| <artifactId>log4j-slf4j-impl</artifactId> |
| <version>2.12.1</version> |
| </dependency> |
| </dependencies> |
| </code></pre> |
| <p><code>solution-basic</code>中已经包含了常见场景下开发Java-Chassis微服务所需的全部依赖项。</p> |
| <p>Java-Chassis 2.0版本还需要引入<code>maven-compiler-plugin</code>插件，使项目打包时保留方法参数名：</p> |
| <pre><code class="language-xml"><build> |
| <plugins> |
| <plugin> |
| <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> |
| <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> |
| <version>3.1</version> |
| <configuration> |
| <compilerArgument>-parameters</compilerArgument> |
| <encoding>UTF-8</encoding> |
| <source>1.8</source> |
| <target>1.8</target> |
| </configuration> |
| </plugin> |
| </plugins> |
| </build> |
| </code></pre> |
| <h3 id="_3">添加配置文件</h3> |
| <p>Java-Chassis默认读取的配置文件名为<code>microservice.yaml</code>，存放在<code>resources</code>目录中。</p> |
| <p>文件内容如下，这份文件表示当前开发的是<code>sample</code>应用下的名为<code>helloworld</code>的微服务，版本为0.0.1。该微服务连接的服务中心地址为<code>http://127.0.0.1:30100</code>，监听<code>8080</code>端口。</p> |
| <pre><code class="language-yaml">APPLICATION_ID: sample |
| service_description: |
| name: helloworld |
| version: 1.0.0 |
| servicecomb: |
| service: |
| registry: |
| address: http://127.0.0.1:30100 |
| rest: |
| address: 0.0.0.0:8080 |
| </code></pre> |
| <h3 id="main">编写Main类</h3> |
| <p>在工程中添加一个Main类，用于启动微服务实例：</p> |
| <pre><code class="language-java">package org.apache.servicecomb.samples; |
| |
| import org.apache.servicecomb.foundation.common.utils.BeanUtils; |
| |
| public class AppMain { |
| public static void main(String[] args) { |
| BeanUtils.init(); |
| } |
| } |
| </code></pre> |
| <p>调用<code>org.apache.servicecomb.foundation.common.utils.BeanUtils#init()</code>方法会完成配置加载、Spring应用上下文加载、微服务注册等一系列启动流程。</p> |
| <h3 id="rest">编写REST接口类</h3> |
| <p>最后在工程中添加一个REST接口类用于接收请求：</p> |
| <pre><code class="language-java">package org.apache.servicecomb.samples.service; |
| |
| import org.apache.servicecomb.provider.rest.common.RestSchema; |
| import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; |
| import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; |
| |
| @RestSchema(schemaId = "hello") |
| @RequestMapping("/") |
| public class HelloWorldService { |
| @GetMapping("/hello") |
| public String hello() { |
| return "Hello world!"; |
| } |
| } |
| </code></pre> |
| <h3 id="_4">添加日志配置文件</h3> |
| <p><code>solution-basic</code>引入了log4j2组件。如果想要看到运行日志，还需要手动添加一份日志配置文件，文件存放位置为<code>resources\log4j2.xml</code>，内容如下：</p> |
| <pre><code class="language-xml"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> |
| <Configuration status="WARN"> |
| <Appenders> |
| <Console name="Console" target="SYSTEM_OUT"> |
| <PatternLayout pattern="%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%t] %-5level %logger{36}[%L] - %msg%n"/> |
| </Console> |
| </Appenders> |
| <Loggers> |
| <Root level="info"> |
| <AppenderRef ref="Console"/> |
| </Root> |
| </Loggers> |
| </Configuration> |
| </code></pre> |
| <h3 id="_5">启动服务</h3> |
| <p>以上工作完成后，运行<code>AppMain</code>类即可启动微服务。在浏览器中打开本地服务中心的页面<code>http://127.0.0.1:30103/</code>，如果能看到helloworld服务的实例记录，则表示启动成功。如下图所示： |
| <img alt="" src="first-sample-registered-in-sc.png" /></p> |
| <p>访问<code>http://127.0.0.1:8080/hello</code>，可以得到helloworld服务的响应<code>"Hello world!"</code>。至此，第一个Java-Chassis微服务开发完成。</p> |
| <h2 id="_6">补充说明</h2> |
| <p>上文以Spring MVC开发风格来编写helloworld服务的REST接口类，目前Java-Chassis提供了三种REST接口类开发风格：</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>Spring MVC</li> |
| <li>JaxRS</li> |
| <li>POJO</li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>Spring MVC和JaxRS适合REST接口开发。 POJO是通常说的RPC，适合于进行内部接口开发。java-chassis允许在一个微服务里面混合使用上述开发方式，并且可以使用完全一致的方式，比如RestTemplate或者POJO的方式访问不同类型的服务，所以开始之前，可以根据熟悉程度，选择任意一种开发方式即可。java-chassis的开发方式和通信方式是完全解耦的，因此不同的开发方式并没有性能上的差异。</p> |
| <p>开发者也可以通过如下方式快速构建一个项目：</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>下载samples项目。java-chassis提供了大量的示例代码，这些示例代码可以通过<a href="https://github.com/apache/servicecomb-samples">servicecomb-samples</a>获取。</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><a href="https://github.com/apache/servicecomb-samples/tree/master/java-chassis-samples/springmvc-sample">Spring MVC例子</a></p> |
| </li> |
| <li><a href="https://github.com/apache/servicecomb-samples/tree/master/java-chassis-samples/jaxrs-sample">JaxRS例子</a></li> |
| <li> |
| <p><a href="https://github.com/apache/servicecomb-samples/tree/master/java-chassis-samples/pojo-sample">POJO例子</a></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>使用archetypes生成项目</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>archetypes是maven提供的一种机制，对于使用maven的用户，可以在项目里面配置插件，生成项目。java-chassis提供了多个archetypes供开发者使用，详细参考<a href="https://github.com/apache/servicecomb-java-chassis/tree/master/archetypes">链接</a></p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>使用脚手架生成项目</li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>脚手架提供了一个图形化向导，通过向导可以快速构建项目，参考<a href="http://start.servicecomb.io/">链接</a>。</p> |
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