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| <h1 id="_1">注册发现说明</h1> |
| <p>采用网络接口进行通信，并且支持多实例弹性扩缩容是微服务一个重要的特征。 一个微服务 A 需要和另外一个微服务 B 进行 |
| 通信，首先需要知道微服务 B 的网络地址信息， 这个过程一般是通过注册发现实现的。 </p> |
| <p>最常见的服务发现机制是引入一个中间件服务， 微服务 B 启动的过程中，向中间件服务注册自己的网络地址信息，微服务 A |
| 访问 B 的时候， 首先从中间件服务查询微服务 B 的网络地址信息。</p> |
| <p>对于规模较小的系统，也可以不使用中间件服务，而是通过配置文件的方式，在微服务 A 中指定微服务 B 的地址。这种方式 |
| 适合组网情况固定，不会弹性扩缩容的场景。</p> |
| <p>在局域网环境下，还可以通过组播协议，比如 mDNS 发现其他的服务，这种方式不需要做额外的配置。</p> |
| <h2 id="_2">注册发现信息</h2> |
| <ul> |
| <li>微服务信息</li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>servicecomb 的微服务信息在类 <code>Microservice</code> 中定义。 它主要包含应用 ID (appId)， 微服务名称 (serviceName), |
| 微服务版本(version)，环境(environment) 等信息， 还包括契约。 契约是 servicecomb 治理管控的基础。 </p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>实例信息</li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>servicecomb 的实例信息在类 <code>MicroserviceInstance</code> 中定义。 它主要包含网络地址(endpoints) 信息。</p> |
| <p>不同的注册发现机制，可能注册的信息和发现的信息不包括上述信息的全集，可以通过组合不同的注册发现机制，提供完整的信息。 |
| 比如，可以通过 mDNS 的方式发现网络地址(endpoints)信息， 可以通过配置文件的方式，发现契约信息。</p> |
| <h2 id="_3">同时使用多个注册发现</h2> |
| <p>从 2.1.0 版本开始，可以同时使用多个注册发现的实现。组合不同的注册发现的实现，能够满足一些非常重要场景的需求。</p> |
| <h3 id="_4">使用多个服务中心的约束和行为</h3> |
| <ul> |
| <li>服务注册</li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>使用多个服务中心，同时往多个服务中心注册。 当需要获取本服务 <code>Microservice</code> 和 <code>MicroserviceInstance</code> |
| 信息的时候，不同的注册中心的 <code>Microservice</code> ID 和 <code>MicroserviceInstance</code> ID 是不同的。 |
| <code>RegistrationManager</code> 接口返回的实例是优先级最高的 <code>Registration</code> 实现的实例。</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>服务发现</li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>如果多个注册中心都存在同一个微服务信息， 这些微服务信息必须满足 java chassis 的接口兼容性策略。 比如微服务 |
| A 存在 v1, v2, v3 三个版本， 在不同的注册中心注册的同一个版本 v3， 必须契约一样；v1， v2，v3 并存的情况下， |
| v2 的接口需要兼容 v1， v3 的接口需要兼容 v2 （接口可以多，不能少， 要求开发的时候， 只增加接口，不删除接口）。</p> |
| <p>如果不能满足上述约束， 请求过程中可能出现 404 找不到接口的错误。 这种错误在使用单个注册发现的情况下极少 |
| 出现，参考<a href="../question-and-answer/interface-compatibility.html">微服务接口兼容常见问题</a>。 在多个 |
| 注册中心的情况下，使用不恰当就容易出现，比如通过 <code>本地服务注册发现</code> 定义了微服务 A 的信息， 只包含 2 个 |
| schema， 同时往 <code>服务中心</code> 注册了全量的 5 个 schema ， 并且本地服务注册发现的版本 v3 高于 服务中心 |
| 的 v1 版本， 那么这种情况就可能出现调用接口提示 404 的错误。 </p> |
| <p>因此建议在使用多个注册中心的时候， 满足下面的约束：</p> |
| <ol> |
| <li>一个微服务只在一个注册中心有信息，比如 本地注册中心只定义三方服务，服务中心用于 java chassis 服务注册发现。 或者， </li> |
| <li>一个微服务在多个注册中心的信息是一样的，比如 使用多个 region 的服务中心，他们注册发现流程一样，可以保证信息一样。</li> |
| </ol> |
| <p>这样能够避免违背接口兼容性策略。 </p> |
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