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| |
| <h1 id="jax-rs">用 JAX-RS 开发微服务</h1> |
| <h2 id="_1">概念阐述</h2> |
| <p>ServiceComb支持开发者使用JAX-RS注解，使用 <a href="https://github.com/apache/servicecomb-samples/tree/master/java-chassis-samples/jaxrs-sample">JAX-RS</a> 模式开发服务。</p> |
| <h2 id="_2">开发示例</h2> |
| <h3 id="1">步骤 1定义服务接口。</h3> |
| <p>根据开发之前定义好的契约，编写Java业务接口，代码如下。定义接口不是必须的，但是 一个好习惯，可以简化客户端使用RPC方式编写代码。</p> |
| <pre><code class="language-java">public interface Hello { |
| String sayHi(String name); |
| String sayHello(Person person); |
| } |
| </code></pre> |
| <h3 id="2">步骤 2实现服务。</h3> |
| <p>使用JAX-RS注解开发业务代码，Hello的服务实现如下：</p> |
| <pre><code class="language-java">@RestSchema(schemaId = "jaxrsHello") |
| @Path("/jaxrshello") |
| @Produces(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON) |
| public class JaxrsHelloImpl implements Hello { |
| @Path("/sayhi") |
| @POST |
| @Override |
| public String sayHi(String name) { |
| return "Hello " + name; |
| } |
| |
| @Path("/sayhello") |
| @POST |
| @Override |
| public String sayHello(Person person) { |
| return "Hello person " + person.getName(); |
| } |
| /** |
| * 这个方法是实现类特有的,因此对它的远程调用会有所不同. |
| * 具体可以参考 jaxrs-consumer |
| */ |
| @Path("/saybye") |
| @GET |
| public String sayBye() { |
| return "Bye !"; |
| } |
| } |
| </code></pre> |
| <h3 id="3">步骤 3发布服务。</h3> |
| <p>在resources/META-INF/spring目录下创建jaxrsHello.bean.xml文件，配置spring进行服务扫描的base-package，文件内容如下。（注意修改package名称为正确名称）</p> |
| <pre><code class="language-xml"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> |
| <beans xmlns=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans " xmlns:xsi=" http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance " |
| xmlns:p=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/p " xmlns:util=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/util " |
| xmlns:cse=" http://www.huawei.com/schema/paas/cse/rpc " |
| xmlns:context=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/context " |
| xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans classpath:org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd http://www.huawei.com/schema/paas/cse/rpc classpath:META-INF/spring/spring-paas-cse-rpc.xsd"> |
| |
| <context:component-scan base-package="org.apache.servicecomb.samples.jaxrs.provider"/> |
| </beans> |
| </code></pre> |
| <h3 id="4">步骤 4启动服务。</h3> |
| <pre><code>public class JaxrsProviderMain{ |
| |
| public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { |
| Log4jUtils.init(); |
| BeanUtils.init(); |
| } |
| } |
| </code></pre> |
| <h2 id="api">涉及API</h2> |
| <p>JAX-RS开发模式当前支持如下注解，所有注解的使用方法参考 <a href="https://jax-rs-spec.java.net/nonav/2.0-rev-a/apidocs/index.html">JAX-RS官方文档</a>。</p> |
| <h3 id="1-1jax-rs">表1-1JAX-RS注解支持汇总</h3> |
| <table> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th align="left">注解</th> |
| <th align="left">位置</th> |
| <th align="left">描述</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td align="left">javax.ws.rs.Path</td> |
| <td align="left">schema/operation</td> |
| <td align="left">URL路径</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td align="left">javax.ws.rs.Produces</td> |
| <td align="left">schema/operation</td> |
| <td align="left">方法支持的编解码能力</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td align="left">javax.ws.rs.DELETE</td> |
| <td align="left">operation</td> |
| <td align="left">http method</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td align="left">javax.ws.rs.GET</td> |
| <td align="left">operation</td> |
| <td align="left">http method</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td align="left">javax.ws.rs.POST</td> |
| <td align="left">operation</td> |
| <td align="left">http method</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td align="left">javax.ws.rs.PUT</td> |
| <td align="left">operation</td> |
| <td align="left">http method</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td align="left">javax.ws.rs.QueryParam</td> |
| <td align="left">parameter</td> |
| <td align="left">从query string中获取参数</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td align="left">javax.ws.rs.PathParam</td> |
| <td align="left">parameter</td> |
| <td align="left">从path中获取参数，必须在path中定义该参数</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td align="left">javax.ws.rs.HeaderParam</td> |
| <td align="left">parameter</td> |
| <td align="left">从header中获取参数</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td align="left">javax.ws.rs.CookieParam</td> |
| <td align="left">parameter</td> |
| <td align="left">从cookie中获取参数</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td align="left">javax.ws.rs.FormParam</td> |
| <td align="left">parameter</td> |
| <td align="left">从form中获取参数</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td align="left">javax.ws.rs.BeanParam</td> |
| <td align="left">parameter</td> |
| <td align="left">用于参数聚合，允许在一个JavaBean的属性上打上参数标记以将多个参数聚合为一个JavaBean</td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <blockquote> |
| <p><strong>说明:</strong></p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>当方法参数没有注解，且不为<code>HttpServletRequest</code>、<code>InvocationContext</code>类型参数时，默认为body类型参数，一个方法最多只支持一个body类型参数。</li> |
| </ul> |
| </blockquote> |
| <h2 id="beanparam">使用@BeanParam聚合参数</h2> |
| <h3 id="_3">使用说明</h3> |
| <p>用户可以使用@BeanParam注解将多个参数聚合到一个JavaBean中，通过将@QueryParam等参数注解打在此JavaBean的属性或setter方法上来声明参数，从而简化业务接口的参数表。可以参考JAX-RS的官方说明：https://docs.oracle.com/javaee/7/api/javax/ws/rs/BeanParam.html</p> |
| <p>ServiceComb现在也支持类似的用法，该用法的要求如下： |
| 1. 聚合参数所用的类型必须是标准的JavaBean，即类型的属性与getter、setter方法名称匹配，setter方法的返回类型为<code>void</code> |
| 2. 参数注解可以打在JavaBean的属性或setter方法上 |
| 3. 允许通过@FormParam将多个上传文件参数聚合到JavaBean中 |
| 4. 作为BeanParam的JavaBean内部如果有多余的属性，需要打上<code>@JsonIgnore</code>忽略掉 |
| 5. body参数无法聚合进BeanParam |
| 6. Consumer端不支持将参数聚合为JavaBean发送，即仍然需要按照接口契约单独填写各个参数</p> |
| <h3 id="_4">代码示例</h3> |
| <h4 id="provider">Provider端开发服务</h4> |
| <ul> |
| <li>Provider端业务接口代码：</li> |
| </ul> |
| <pre><code class="language-java"> @RestSchema(schemaId = "helloService") |
| @Path("/hello") |
| public class HelloService { |
| @Path("/sayHello/{name}") |
| @GET |
| public String sayHello(@BeanParam Person person) { |
| System.out.println("sayHello is called, person = [" + person + "]"); |
| return "Hello, your name is " + person.getName() + ", and age is " + person.getAge(); |
| } |
| } |
| </code></pre> |
| <ul> |
| <li>BeanParam参数定义：</li> |
| </ul> |
| <pre><code class="language-java"> public class Person { |
| private String name; |
| @QueryParam("age") |
| private int age; |
| @PathParam("name") |
| public void setName(String name) { |
| this.name = name; |
| } |
| @JsonIgnore // 忽略复杂属性 |
| private List<Person> children; |
| |
| // 其他方法忽略 |
| } |
| </code></pre> |
| <ul> |
| <li>接口契约：</li> |
| </ul> |
| <pre><code class="language-yaml"># 忽略契约的其他部分 |
| basePath: "/hello" |
| paths: |
| /sayHello/{name}: |
| get: |
| operationId: "sayHello" |
| parameters: |
| - name: "name" |
| in: "path" |
| required: true |
| type: "string" |
| - name: "age" |
| in: "query" |
| required: false |
| type: "integer" |
| format: "int32" |
| responses: |
| 200: |
| description: "response of 200" |
| schema: |
| type: "string" |
| </code></pre> |
| <h4 id="consumer">Consumer端调用服务</h4> |
| <p>consumer端RPC开发模式：</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>Provider接口定义</li> |
| </ul> |
| <pre><code class="language-java">public interface HelloServiceIntf { |
| String sayHello(String name, int age); |
| } |
| </code></pre> |
| <ul> |
| <li>调用代码</li> |
| </ul> |
| <pre><code class="language-java">String result = helloService.sayHello("Bob", 22); // result的值为"Hello, your name is Bob, and age is 22" |
| </code></pre> |
| <ul> |
| <li>consumer端RestTemplate开发模式：</li> |
| </ul> |
| <pre><code class="language-java">String result = restTemplate.getForObject( |
| "cse://provider-service/hello/sayHello/Bob?age=22", |
| String.class); // 调用效果与RPC方式相同 |
| </code></pre> |
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