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<h1 id="st_simplifypolygonhull">ST_SimplifyPolygonHull<a class="headerlink" href="#st_simplifypolygonhull" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<p>Introduction: This function computes a topology-preserving simplified hull, either outer or inner, for a polygonal geometry input. An outer hull fully encloses the original geometry, while an inner hull lies entirely within. The result maintains the same structure as the input, including handling of MultiPolygons and holes, represented as a polygonal geometry formed from a subset of vertices.</p>
<p><img alt="ST_SimplifyPolygonHull" src="../../../../image/ST_SimplifyPolygonHull/ST_SimplifyPolygonHull.svg" title="ST_SimplifyPolygonHull" /></p>
<p>Vertex reduction is governed by the <code>vertexFactor</code> parameter ranging from 0 to 1, with lower values yielding simpler outputs with fewer vertices and reduced concavity. For both hull types, a <code>vertexFactor</code> of 1.0 returns the original geometry. Specifically, for outer hulls, 0.0 computes the convex hull; for inner hulls, 0.0 produces a triangular geometry.</p>
<p>The simplification algorithm iteratively removes concave corners containing the least area until reaching the target vertex count. It preserves topology by preventing edge crossings, ensuring the output is a valid polygonal geometry in all cases.</p>
<p>Format:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>ST_SimplifyPolygonHull(geom: Geometry, vertexFactor: Double, isOuter: Boolean = true)
</code></pre></div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>ST_SimplifyPolygonHull(geom: Geometry, vertexFactor: Double)
</code></pre></div>
<p>Return type: <code>Geometry</code></p>
<p>Since: <code>v1.6.1</code></p>
<p>SQL Example</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ST_SimplifyPolygonHull</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ST_GeomFromText</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;POLYGON ((30 10, 40 40, 45 45, 50 30, 55 25, 60 50, 65 45, 70 30, 75 20, 80 25, 70 10, 30 10))&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">4</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>Output:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>POLYGON ((30 10, 40 40, 45 45, 60 50, 65 45, 80 25, 70 10, 30 10))
</code></pre></div>
<p>SQL Example</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ST_SimplifyPolygonHull</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ST_GeomFromText</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;POLYGON ((30 10, 40 40, 45 45, 50 30, 55 25, 60 50, 65 45, 70 30, 75 20, 80 25, 70 10, 30 10))&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">false</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>Output:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>POLYGON ((30 10, 70 10, 60 50, 55 25, 30 10))
</code></pre></div>
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