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badge--secondary">版本：5.0</span><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><h1>参数约束和建议</h1><p>Apache RocketMQ 系统中存在很多自定义参数和资源命名，您在使用 Apache RocketMQ 时建议参考如下说明规范系统设置，避对某些具体参数设置不合理导致应用出现异常。</p><table><thead><tr><th>参数</th><th>建议范围</th><th>说明</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Topic名称</td><td>字符建议：字母a<!-- -->~<!-- -->z或A<!-- -->~<!-- -->Z、数字0<!-- -->~<!-- -->9以及下划线（<em>）、短划线（-）和百分号（%）。 <br> 长度建议：1<!-- -->~<!-- -->64个字符。 <br> 系统保留字符：Topic名称不允许使用以下保留字符或含有特殊前缀的字符命名。 <br> 保留字符: TBW102 <em> BenchmarkTest </em> SELF_TEST_TOPIC <em> OFFSET_MOVED_EVENT </em> SCHEDULE_TOPIC_XXXX <em> RMQ_SYS_TRANS_HALF_TOPIC </em> RMQ_SYS_TRACE_TOPIC <em> RMQ_SYS_TRANS_OP_HALF_TOPIC <br> 特殊前缀: </em> rmq_sys</em> %RETRY%<em> %DLQ%</em> rocketmq-broker-</td><td>Topic命名应该尽量使用简短、常用的字符，避免使用特殊字符。特殊字符会导致系统解析出现异常，字符过长可能会导致消息收发被拒绝。</td></tr><tr><td>ConsumerGroup名称</td><td>字符建议：支持字母a<!-- -->~<!-- -->z或A<!-- -->~<!-- -->Z、数字0<!-- -->~<!-- -->9以及下划线（<em>）、短划线（-）和百分号（%）。 <br> 长度建议：1<!-- -->~<!-- -->64个字符。 <br> 系统保留字符：ConsumerGroup不允许使用以下保留字符或含有特殊前缀的字符命名。 <br> 保留字符: <em> DEFAULT_CONSUMER </em> DEFAULT_PRODUCER <em> TOOLS_CONSUMER </em> FILTERSRV_CONSUMER <em> __MONITOR_CONSUMER </em> CLIENT_INNER_PRODUCER <em> SELF_TEST_P_GROUP </em> SELF_TEST_C_GROUP <em> CID_ONS-HTTP-PROXY </em> CID_ONSAPI_PERMISSION <em> CID_ONSAPI_OWNER </em> CID_ONSAPI_PULL <em> CID_RMQ_SYS_TRANS </em> 特殊字符 * CID_RMQ_SYS</em> * CID_HOUSEKEEPING</td><td>无。</td></tr><tr><td>ACL Credentials</td><td>字符建议：AK（AccessKey ID）、SK（AccessKey Secret）和Token仅支持字母a<!-- -->~<!-- -->z或A<!-- -->~<!-- -->Z、数字0<!-- -->~<!-- -->9。 <br> 长度建议：不超过1024个字符。</td><td>无。</td></tr><tr><td>请求超时时间</td><td>默认值：3000毫秒。 <br> 取值范围：该参数为客户端本地行为，取值范围建议不要超过30000毫秒。</td><td>请求超时时间是客户端本地同步调用的等待时间，请根据实际应用设置合理的取值，避免线程阻塞时间过长。</td></tr><tr><td>消息大小</td><td>默认值：不超过4 MB。不涉及消息压缩，仅计算消息体body的大小。 <br>取值范围：建议不超过4 MB。</td><td>消息传输应尽量压缩和控制负载大小，避免超大文件传输。若消息大小不满足限制要求，可以尝试分割消息或使用OSS存储，用消息传输URL。</td></tr><tr><td>消息自定义属性</td><td>字符限制：所有可见字符。 <br>长度建议：属性的Key和Value总长度不超过16 KB。 <br>系统保留属性：不允许使用以下保留属性作为自定义属性的Key。 保留属性Key</td><td>无。</td></tr><tr><td>MessageGroup</td><td>字符限制：所有可见字符。 <br>长度建议：1<!-- -->~<!-- -->64字节。</td><td>MessageGroup是顺序消息的分组标识。一般设置为需要保证顺序的一组消息标识，例如订单ID、用户ID等。</td></tr><tr><td>消息发送重试次数</td><td>默认值：3次。 <br>取值范围：无限制。</td><td>消息发送重试是客户端SDK内置的重试策略，对应用不可见，建议取值不要过大，避免阻塞业务线程。 如果消息达到最大重试次数后还未发送成功，建议业务侧做好兜底处理，保证消息可靠性。</td></tr><tr><td>消息消费重试次数</td><td>默认值：16次。</td><td>消费重试次数应根据实际业务需求设置合理的参数值，避免使用重试进行无限触发。重试次数过大容易造成系统压力过量增加。</td></tr><tr><td>事务异常检查间隔</td><td>默认值：60秒。</td><td>事务异常检查间隔指的是，半事务消息因系统重启或异常情况导致没有提交，生产者客户端会按照该间隔时间进行事务状态回查。 间隔时长不建议设置过短，否则频繁的回查调用会影响系统性能。</td></tr><tr><td>半事务消息第一次回查时间</td><td>默认值：取值等于<!-- -->[<!-- -->事务异常检查间隔<!-- -->]<!-- --> * 最大限制：不超过1小时。</td><td>无。</td></tr><tr><td>半事务消息最大超时时长</td><td>默认值：4小时。 * 取值范围：不支持自定义修改。</td><td>半事务消息因系统重启或异常情况导致没有提交，生产者客户端会按照事务异常检查间隔时间进行回查，若超过半事务消息超时时长后没有返回结果，半事务消息将会被强制回滚。 您可以通过监控该指标避免异常事务。</td></tr><tr><td>PushConsumer本地缓存</td><td>默认值： <br> <em> 最大缓存数量：1024条。 <br></em> 最大缓存大小：64 M。 <br>取值范围：支持用户自定义设置，无限制。</td><td>消费者类型为PushConsumer时，为提高消费者吞吐量和性能，客户端会在SDK本地缓存部分消息。缓存的消息的数量和大小应设置在系统内存允许的范围内。</td></tr><tr><td>PushConsumer重试间隔时长</td><td>默认值： <br><em> 非顺序性投递：间隔时间阶梯变化，具体取值，请参见PushConsumer消费重试策略。 <br></em> 顺序性投递：3000毫秒。</td><td>无。</td></tr><tr><td>PushConsumer消费并发度</td><td>默认值：20个线程。</td><td>无。</td></tr><tr><td>获取消息最大批次</td><td>默认值：32条。</td><td>消费者从服务端获取消息时，一次获取到最大消息条数。建议按照实际业务设置合理的参数值，一次获取消息数量过大容易在消费失败时造成大批量消息重复。</td></tr><tr><td>SimpleConsumer最大不可见时间</td><td>默认值：用户必填参数，无默认值。 <br> 取值范围建议：最小10秒；最大12小时。</td><td>消费不可见时间指的是消息处理+失败后重试间隔的总时长，建议设置时取值比实际需要耗费的时间稍微长一些。</td></tr></tbody></table></div><footer class="theme-doc-footer docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="theme-doc-footer-edit-meta-row row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/apache/rocketmq-site/tree/new-official-website/versioned_docs/version-5.0/01-introduction/03limits.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="theme-edit-this-page"><svg fill="currentColor" height="20" width="20" viewBox="0 0 40 40" 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