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| <title data-rh="true">消息过滤 | RocketMQ</title><meta data-rh="true" name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:url" content="https://your-docusaurus-test-site.com/zh/docs/featureBehavior/07messagefilter"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_locale" content="zh"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:language" content="zh"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_version" content="5.0"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_tag" content="docs-default-5.0"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:version" content="5.0"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:docusaurus_tag" content="docs-default-5.0"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:title" content="消息过滤 | RocketMQ"><meta data-rh="true" name="description" content="消费者订阅了某个主题后，Apache RocketMQ 会将该主题中的所有消息投递给消费者。若消费者只需要关注部分消息，可通过设置过滤条件在 Apache RocketMQ 服务端进行过滤，只获取到需要关注的消息子集，避免接收到大量无效的消息。本文介绍消息过滤的定义、原理、分类及不同过滤方式的使用方法、配置示例等。"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:description" content="消费者订阅了某个主题后，Apache RocketMQ 会将该主题中的所有消息投递给消费者。若消费者只需要关注部分消息，可通过设置过滤条件在 Apache RocketMQ 服务端进行过滤，只获取到需要关注的消息子集，避免接收到大量无效的消息。本文介绍消息过滤的定义、原理、分类及不同过滤方式的使用方法、配置示例等。"><link data-rh="true" rel="icon" href="/zh/img/favicon.ico"><link data-rh="true" rel="canonical" href="https://your-docusaurus-test-site.com/zh/docs/featureBehavior/07messagefilter"><link data-rh="true" rel="alternate" href="https://your-docusaurus-test-site.com/zh/docs/featureBehavior/07messagefilter" hreflang="zh"><link data-rh="true" rel="alternate" href="https://your-docusaurus-test-site.com/docs/featureBehavior/07messagefilter" hreflang="en"><link data-rh="true" rel="alternate" href="https://your-docusaurus-test-site.com/docs/featureBehavior/07messagefilter" hreflang="x-default"><link data-rh="true" rel="preconnect" href="https://R2IYF7ETH7-dsn.algolia.net" crossorigin="anonymous"><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="/zh/blog/rss.xml" title="RocketMQ RSS Feed"> |
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aria-expanded="false" href="/zh/docs/streams/01RocketMQ Streams Overview">RocketMQ Streams</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="/zh/docs/contributionGuide/01how-to-contribute">贡献指南</a></div></li></ul></nav></div></div></aside><main class="docMainContainer_gTbr"><div class="container padding-top--md padding-bottom--lg"><div class="row"><div class="col docItemCol_VOVn"><div class="docItemContainer_Djhp"><article><nav class="theme-doc-breadcrumbs breadcrumbsContainer_Z_bl" aria-label="页面路径"><ul class="breadcrumbs" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"><li class="breadcrumbs__item"><a aria-label="主页面" class="breadcrumbs__link" href="/zh/"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="breadcrumbHomeIcon_YNFT"><path d="M10 19v-5h4v5c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1v-7h1.7c.46 0 .68-.57.33-.87L12.67 3.6c-.38-.34-.96-.34-1.34 0l-8.36 7.53c-.34.3-.13.87.33.87H5v7c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></a></li><li class="breadcrumbs__item"><span class="breadcrumbs__link">功能特性</span><meta itemprop="position" content="1"></li><li itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active"><span class="breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="name">消息过滤</span><meta itemprop="position" content="2"></li></ul></nav><span class="theme-doc-version-badge badge badge--secondary">版本：5.0</span><div class="tocCollapsible_ETCw theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_ITEo"><button type="button" class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P">本页总览</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><h1>消息过滤</h1><p>消费者订阅了某个主题后，Apache RocketMQ 会将该主题中的所有消息投递给消费者。若消费者只需要关注部分消息，可通过设置过滤条件在 Apache RocketMQ 服务端进行过滤，只获取到需要关注的消息子集，避免接收到大量无效的消息。本文介绍消息过滤的定义、原理、分类及不同过滤方式的使用方法、配置示例等。</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="应用场景">应用场景<a href="#应用场景" class="hash-link" aria-label="应用场景的直接链接" title="应用场景的直接链接"></a></h2><p>Apache RocketMQ 作为发布订阅模型的消息中间件广泛应用于上下游业务集成场景。在实际业务场景中，同一个主题下的消息往往会被多个不同的下游业务方处理，各下游的处理逻辑不同，只关注自身逻辑需要的消息子集。</p><p>使用 Apache RocketMQ 的消息过滤功能，可以帮助消费者更高效地过滤自己需要的消息集合，避免大量无效消息投递给消费者，降低下游系统处理压力。</p><p>Apache RocketMQ 主要解决的单个业务域即同一个主题内不同消息子集的过滤问题，一般是基于同一业务下更具体的分类进行过滤匹配。如果是需要对不同业务域的消息进行拆分，建议使用不同主题处理不同业务域的消息。</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="功能概述">功能概述<a href="#功能概述" class="hash-link" aria-label="功能概述的直接链接" title="功能概述的直接链接"></a></h2><p><strong>消息过滤定义</strong></p><p>过滤的含义指的是将符合条件的消息投递给消费者，而不是将匹配到的消息过滤掉。</p><p>Apache RocketMQ 的消息过滤功能通过生产者和消费者对消息的属性、标签进行定义，并在 Apache RocketMQ 服务端根据过滤条件进行筛选匹配，将符合条件的消息投递给消费者进行消费。</p><p><strong>消息过滤原理</strong> |
| <img loading="lazy" alt="消息过滤" src="/zh/assets/images/messagefilter0-ad2c8360f54b9a622238f8cffea12068.png" width="1377" height="687" class="img_ev3q"></p><p>消息过滤主要通过以下几个关键流程实现：</p><ul><li><p>生产者：生产者在初始化消息时预先为消息设置一些属性和标签，用于后续消费时指定过滤目标。</p></li><li><p>消费者：消费者在初始化及后续消费流程中通过调用订阅关系注册接口，向服务端上报需要订阅指定主题的哪些消息，即过滤条件。</p></li><li><p>服务端：消费者获取消息时会触发服务端的动态过滤计算，Apache RocketMQ 服务端根据消费者上报的过滤条件的表达式进行匹配，并将符合条件的消息投递给消费者。</p></li></ul><p><strong>消息过滤分类</strong></p><p>Apache RocketMQ 支持Tag标签过滤和SQL属性过滤，这两种过滤方式对比如下：</p><table><thead><tr><th>对比项</th><th>Tag标签过滤</th><th>SQL属性过滤</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>过滤目标</td><td>消息的Tag标签。</td><td>消息的属性，包括用户自定义属性以及系统属性（Tag是一种系统属性）。</td></tr><tr><td>过滤能力</td><td>精准匹配。</td><td>SQL语法匹配。</td></tr><tr><td>适用场景</td><td>简单过滤场景、计算逻辑简单轻量。</td><td>复杂过滤场景、计算逻辑较复杂。</td></tr></tbody></table><p>具体的使用方式及示例，请参见下文的Tag标签过滤和SQL属性过滤。</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="订阅关系一致性">订阅关系一致性<a href="#订阅关系一致性" class="hash-link" aria-label="订阅关系一致性的直接链接" title="订阅关系一致性的直接链接"></a></h2><p>过滤表达式属于订阅关系的一部分，Apache RocketMQ 的领域模型规定，同一消费者分组内的多个消费者的订阅关系包括过滤表达式，必须保持一致，否则可能会导致部分消息消费不到。更多信息，请参见<a href="/zh/docs/domainModel/09subscription">订阅关系（Subscription）</a>。</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="tag标签过滤">Tag标签过滤<a href="#tag标签过滤" class="hash-link" aria-label="Tag标签过滤的直接链接" title="Tag标签过滤的直接链接"></a></h2><p>Tag标签过滤方式是 Apache RocketMQ 提供的基础消息过滤能力，基于生产者为消息设置的Tag标签进行匹配。生产者在发送消息时，设置消息的Tag标签，消费者需指定已有的Tag标签来进行匹配订阅。</p><p><strong>场景示例</strong></p><p>以下图电商交易场景为例，从客户下单到收到商品这一过程会生产一系列消息：</p><ul><li><p>订单消息</p></li><li><p>支付消息</p></li><li><p>物流消息</p></li></ul><p>这些消息会发送到名称为Trade_Topic的Topic中，被各个不同的下游系统所订阅：</p><ul><li><p>支付系统：只需订阅支付消息。</p></li><li><p>物流系统：只需订阅物流消息。</p></li><li><p>交易成功率分析系统：需订阅订单和支付消息。</p></li><li><p>实时计算系统：需要订阅所有和交易相关的消息。</p></li></ul><p>过滤效果如下图所示：<img loading="lazy" alt="Tag过滤" src="/zh/assets/images/messagefilter-09e82bf396d7c4100ed742e8d0d2c185.png" width="1724" height="1185" class="img_ev3q"></p><p><strong>Tag标签设置</strong></p><ul><li><p>Tag由生产者发送消息时设置，每条消息允许设置一个Tag标签。</p></li><li><p>Tag使用可见字符，建议长度不超过128字符。</p></li></ul><p><strong>Tag标签过滤规则</strong></p><p>Tag标签过滤为精准字符串匹配，过滤规则设置格式如下：</p><ul><li><p>单Tag匹配：过滤表达式为目标Tag。表示只有消息标签为指定目标Tag的消息符合匹配条件，会被发送给消费者。</p></li><li><p>多Tag匹配：多个Tag之间为或的关系，不同Tag间使用两个竖线（<!-- -->|<!-- -->|<!-- -->）隔开。例如，Tag1<!-- -->|<!-- -->|<!-- -->Tag2<!-- -->|<!-- -->|<!-- -->Tag3，表示标签为Tag1或Tag2或Tag3的消息都满足匹配条件，都会被发送给消费者进行消费。</p></li><li><p>全部匹配：使用星号（<!-- -->*<!-- -->）作为全匹配表达式。表示主题下的所有消息都将被发送给消费者进行消费。</p></li></ul><p><strong>使用示例</strong></p><ul><li><p>发送消息，设置Tag标签。</p><div class="language-java codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-java codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">Message message = messageBuilder.setTopic("topic")</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">//设置消息索引键，可根据关键字精确查找某条消息。</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">.setKeys("messageKey")</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">//设置消息Tag，用于消费端根据指定Tag过滤消息。</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">//该示例表示消息的Tag设置为"TagA"。</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">.setTag("TagA")</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">//消息体。</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">.setBody("messageBody".getBytes())</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">.build();</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div></li></ul><ul><li><p>订阅消息，匹配单个Tag标签。</p><div class="language-java codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-java codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">String topic = "Your Topic";</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">//只订阅消息标签为"TagA"的消息。</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">FilterExpression filterExpression = new FilterExpression("TagA", FilterExpressionType.TAG);</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">pushConsumer.subscribe(topic, filterExpression);</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div></li></ul><ul><li><p>订阅消息，匹配多个Tag标签。</p><div class="language-java codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-java codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">String topic = "Your Topic";</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">//只订阅消息标签为"TagA"、"TagB"或"TagC"的消息。</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">FilterExpression filterExpression = new FilterExpression("TagA||TagB||TagC", FilterExpressionType.TAG);</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">pushConsumer.subscribe(topic, filterExpression);</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div></li></ul><ul><li><p>订阅消息，匹配Topic中的所有消息，不进行过滤。</p><div class="language-java codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-java codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">String topic = "Your Topic";</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">//使用Tag标签过滤消息，订阅所有消息。</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">FilterExpression filterExpression = new FilterExpression("*", FilterExpressionType.TAG);</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">pushConsumer.subscribe(topic, filterExpression);</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div></li></ul><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="sql属性过滤">SQL属性过滤<a href="#sql属性过滤" class="hash-link" aria-label="SQL属性过滤的直接链接" title="SQL属性过滤的直接链接"></a></h2><p>SQL属性过滤是 Apache RocketMQ 提供的高级消息过滤方式，通过生产者为消息设置的属性（Key）及属性值（Value）进行匹配。生产者在发送消息时可设置多个属性，消费者订阅时可设置SQL语法的过滤表达式过滤多个属性。</p><div class="theme-admonition theme-admonition-info alert alert--info admonition_LlT9"><div class="admonitionHeading_tbUL"><span class="admonitionIcon_kALy"><svg viewBox="0 0 14 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7 2.3c3.14 0 5.7 2.56 5.7 5.7s-2.56 5.7-5.7 5.7A5.71 5.71 0 0 1 1.3 8c0-3.14 2.56-5.7 5.7-5.7zM7 1C3.14 1 0 4.14 0 8s3.14 7 7 7 7-3.14 7-7-3.14-7-7-7zm1 3H6v5h2V4zm0 6H6v2h2v-2z"></path></svg></span>信息</div><div class="admonitionContent_S0QG"><p>Tag是一种系统属性，所以SQL过滤方式也兼容Tag标签过滤。在SQL语法中，Tag的属性名称为TAGS。</p></div></div><p><strong>场景示例</strong></p><p>以下图电商交易场景为例，从客户下单到收到商品这一过程会生产一系列消息，按照类型将消息分为订单消息和物流消息，其中给物流消息定义地域属性，按照地域分为杭州和上海：</p><ul><li><p>订单消息</p></li><li><p>物流消息</p><ul><li><p>物流消息且地域为杭州</p></li><li><p>物流消息且地域为上海</p></li></ul></li></ul><p>这些消息会发送到名称为Trade_Topic的Topic中，被各个不同的系统所订阅：</p><ul><li><p>物流系统1：只需订阅物流消息且消息地域为杭州。</p></li><li><p>物流系统2：只需订阅物流消息且消息地域为杭州或上海。</p></li><li><p>订单跟踪系统：只需订阅订单消息。</p></li><li><p>实时计算系统：需要订阅所有和交易相关的消息。</p></li></ul><p>过滤效果如下图所示：<img loading="lazy" alt="sql过滤" src="/zh/assets/images/messagefilter2-dbf55cf4a63ac6d3b9c5f02603ce92ce.png" width="1977" height="1252" class="img_ev3q"></p><p><strong>消息属性设置</strong></p><p>生产者发送消息时可以自定义消息属性，每个属性都是一个自定义的键值对（Key-Value）。</p><p>每条消息支持设置多个属性。</p><p><strong>SQL属性过滤规则</strong></p><p>SQL属性过滤使用SQL92语法作为过滤规则表达式，语法规范如下：</p><table><thead><tr><th>语法</th><th>说明</th><th>示例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>IS NULL</td><td>判断属性不存在。</td><td><code>a IS NULL</code> ：属性a不存在。</td></tr><tr><td>IS NOT NULL</td><td>判断属性存在。</td><td><code>a IS NOT NULL</code>：属性a存在。</td></tr><tr><td><em> <!-- -->><!-- --> </em> <!-- -->><!-- -->= <em> < </em> <=</td><td>用于比较数字，不能用于比较字符串，否则消费者客户端启动时会报错。 <strong>说明</strong> 可转化为数字的字符串也被认为是数字。</td><td><em> <code>a IS NOT NULL AND a > 100</code>：属性a存在且属性a的值大于100。 </em> <code>a IS NOT NULL AND a > 'abc'</code>：错误示例，abc为字符串，不能用于比较大小。</td></tr><tr><td>BETWEEN xxx AND xxx</td><td>用于比较数字，不能用于比较字符串，否则消费者客户端启动时会报错。等价于<!-- -->><!-- -->= xxx AND \<= xxx。表示属性值在两个数字之间。</td><td><code>a IS NOT NULL AND (a BETWEEN 10 AND 100)</code>：属性a存在且属性a的值大于等于10且小于等于100。</td></tr><tr><td>NOT BETWEEN xxx AND xxx</td><td>用于比较数字，不能用于比较字符串，否则消费者客户端启动会报错。等价于\< xxx OR <!-- -->><!-- --> xxx，表示属性值在两个值的区间之外。</td><td><code>a IS NOT NULL AND (a NOT BETWEEN 10 AND 100)</code>：属性a存在且属性a的值小于10或大于100。</td></tr><tr><td>IN (xxx, xxx)</td><td>表示属性的值在某个集合内。集合的元素只能是字符串。</td><td><code>a IS NOT NULL AND (a IN ('abc', 'def'))</code>：属性a存在且属性a的值为abc或def。</td></tr><tr><td><em> = </em> <<!-- -->></td><td>等于和不等于。可用于比较数字和字符串。</td><td><code>a IS NOT NULL AND (a = 'abc' OR a<>'def')</code>：属性a存在且属性a的值为abc或a的值不为def。</td></tr><tr><td><em> AND </em> OR</td><td>逻辑与、逻辑或。可用于组合任意简单的逻辑判断，需要将每个逻辑判断内容放入括号内。</td><td><code>a IS NOT NULL AND (a > 100) OR (b IS NULL)</code>：属性a存在且属性a的值大于100或属性b不存在。</td></tr></tbody></table><p>由于SQL属性过滤是生产者定义消息属性，消费者设置SQL过滤条件，因此过滤条件的计算结果具有不确定性，服务端的处理方式如下：</p><ul><li><p>异常情况处理：如果过滤条件的表达式计算抛异常，消息默认被过滤，不会被投递给消费者。例如比较数字和非数字类型的值。</p></li><li><p>空值情况处理：如果过滤条件的表达式计算值为null或不是布尔类型（true和false），则消息默认被过滤，不会被投递给消费者。例如发送消息时未定义某个属性，在订阅时过滤条件中直接使用该属性，则过滤条件的表达式计算结果为null。</p></li><li><p>数值类型不符处理：如果消息自定义属性为浮点型，但过滤条件中使用整数进行判断，则消息默认被过滤，不会被投递给消费者。</p></li></ul><p><strong>使用示例</strong></p><ul><li><p>发送消息，同时设置消息Tag标签和自定义属性。</p><div class="language-java codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-java codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">Message message = messageBuilder.setTopic("topic")</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">//设置消息索引键，可根据关键字精确查找某条消息。</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">.setKeys("messageKey")</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">//设置消息Tag，用于消费端根据指定Tag过滤消息。</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">//该示例表示消息的Tag设置为"messageTag"。</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">.setTag("messageTag")</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">//消息也可以设置自定义的分类属性，例如环境标签、地域、逻辑分支。</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">//该示例表示为消息自定义一个属性，该属性为地域，属性值为杭州。</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">.addProperty("Region", "Hangzhou")</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">//消息体。</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">.setBody("messageBody".getBytes())</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">.build();</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div></li></ul><ul><li><p>订阅消息，根据单个自定义属性匹配消息。</p><div class="language-java codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-java codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">String topic = "topic";</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">//只订阅地域属性为杭州的消息。</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">FilterExpression filterExpression = new FilterExpression("Region IS NOT NULL AND Region='Hangzhou'", FilterExpressionType.SQL92);</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">simpleConsumer.subscribe(topic, filterExpression);</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div></li></ul><ul><li><p>订阅消息，同时根据多个自定义属性匹配消息。</p><div class="language-java codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-java codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">String topic = "topic";</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">//只订阅地域属性为杭州且价格属性大于30的消息。</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">FilterExpression filterExpression = new FilterExpression("Region IS NOT NULL AND price IS NOT NULL AND Region = 'Hangzhou' AND price > 30", FilterExpressionType.SQL92);</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">simpleConsumer.subscribe(topic, filterExpression);</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div></li></ul><ul><li><p>订阅消息，匹配Topic中的所有消息，不进行过滤。</p><div class="language-java codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-java codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">String topic = "topic";</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">//订阅所有消息。</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">FilterExpression filterExpression = new FilterExpression("True", FilterExpressionType.SQL92);</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">simpleConsumer.subscribe(topic, filterExpression);</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div></li></ul><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="使用建议">使用建议<a href="#使用建议" class="hash-link" aria-label="使用建议的直接链接" title="使用建议的直接链接"></a></h2><p><strong>合理划分主题和Tag标签</strong></p><p>从消息的过滤机制和主题的原理机制可以看出，业务消息的拆分可以基于主题进行筛选，也可以基于主题内消息的Tag标签及属性进行筛选。关于拆分方式的选择，应遵循以下原则：</p><ul><li><p>消息类型是否一致：不同类型的消息，如顺序消息和普通消息需要使用不同的主题进行拆分，无法通过Tag标签进行分类。</p></li><li><p>业务域是否相同：不同业务域和部门的消息应该拆分不同的主题。例如物流消息和支付消息应该使用两个不同的主题；同样是一个主题内的物流消息，普通物流消息和加急物流消息则可以通过不同的Tag进行区分。</p></li><li><p>消息量级和重要性是否一致：如果消息的量级规模存在巨大差异，或者说消息的链路重要程度存在差异，则应该使用不同的主题进行隔离拆分。</p></li></ul></div><footer class="theme-doc-footer docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="theme-doc-footer-edit-meta-row row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/apache/rocketmq-site/tree/new-official-website/versioned_docs/version-5.0/04-featureBehavior/07messagefilter.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="theme-edit-this-page"><svg fill="currentColor" height="20" width="20" viewBox="0 0 40 40" class="iconEdit_Z9Sw" aria-hidden="true"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 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