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<title data-rh="true">RocketMQ EventBridge 概览 | RocketMQ</title><meta data-rh="true" name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:url" content="https://your-docusaurus-test-site.com/zh/docs/eventbridge/02RocketMQEventBridgeOverview"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_locale" content="zh"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:language" content="zh"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_version" content="5.0"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_tag" content="docs-default-5.0"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:version" content="5.0"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:docusaurus_tag" content="docs-default-5.0"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:title" content="RocketMQ EventBridge 概览 | RocketMQ"><meta data-rh="true" name="description" content="RocketMQ EventBridge 致力于帮助用户构建高可靠、低耦合、高性能的事件驱动架构。在事件驱动架构中,微服务不需要主动订阅外部消息,而是可以把所有触发微服务系统发生改变的入口统一到API,并只需要关注当前微服务自己的业务领域模型定义和设计API,无需通过大量的胶水代码去适配解析外部服务的消息。EventBridge 则会负责将外部服务产生的事件安全的、可靠的适配并投递到当前微服务设计的API。"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:description" content="RocketMQ EventBridge 致力于帮助用户构建高可靠、低耦合、高性能的事件驱动架构。在事件驱动架构中,微服务不需要主动订阅外部消息,而是可以把所有触发微服务系统发生改变的入口统一到API,并只需要关注当前微服务自己的业务领域模型定义和设计API,无需通过大量的胶水代码去适配解析外部服务的消息。EventBridge 则会负责将外部服务产生的事件安全的、可靠的适配并投递到当前微服务设计的API。"><link data-rh="true" rel="icon" href="/zh/img/favicon.ico"><link data-rh="true" rel="canonical" href="https://your-docusaurus-test-site.com/zh/docs/eventbridge/02RocketMQEventBridgeOverview"><link data-rh="true" rel="alternate" href="https://your-docusaurus-test-site.com/zh/docs/eventbridge/02RocketMQEventBridgeOverview" hreflang="zh"><link data-rh="true" rel="alternate" href="https://your-docusaurus-test-site.com/docs/eventbridge/02RocketMQEventBridgeOverview" hreflang="en"><link data-rh="true" rel="alternate" href="https://your-docusaurus-test-site.com/docs/eventbridge/02RocketMQEventBridgeOverview" hreflang="x-default"><link data-rh="true" rel="preconnect" href="https://R2IYF7ETH7-dsn.algolia.net" crossorigin="anonymous"><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="/zh/blog/rss.xml" title="RocketMQ RSS Feed">
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href="/zh/docs/contributionGuide/01how-to-contribute">贡献指南</a></div></li></ul></nav></div></div></aside><main class="docMainContainer_gTbr"><div class="container padding-top--md padding-bottom--lg"><div class="row"><div class="col docItemCol_VOVn"><div class="docItemContainer_Djhp"><article><nav class="theme-doc-breadcrumbs breadcrumbsContainer_Z_bl" aria-label="页面路径"><ul class="breadcrumbs" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"><li class="breadcrumbs__item"><a aria-label="主页面" class="breadcrumbs__link" href="/zh/"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="breadcrumbHomeIcon_YNFT"><path d="M10 19v-5h4v5c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1v-7h1.7c.46 0 .68-.57.33-.87L12.67 3.6c-.38-.34-.96-.34-1.34 0l-8.36 7.53c-.34.3-.13.87.33.87H5v7c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></a></li><li class="breadcrumbs__item"><span class="breadcrumbs__link">RocketMQ EventBridge</span><meta itemprop="position" content="1"></li><li itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active"><span class="breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="name">RocketMQ EventBridge 概览</span><meta itemprop="position" content="2"></li></ul></nav><span class="theme-doc-version-badge badge badge--secondary">版本:5.0</span><div class="tocCollapsible_ETCw theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_ITEo"><button type="button" class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P">本页总览</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><h1>RocketMQ EventBridge 概览</h1><p>RocketMQ EventBridge 致力于帮助用户构建高可靠、低耦合、高性能的事件驱动架构。在事件驱动架构中,微服务不需要主动订阅外部消息,而是可以把所有触发微服务系统发生改变的入口统一到API,并只需要关注当前微服务自己的业务领域模型定义和设计API,无需通过大量的胶水代码去适配解析外部服务的消息。EventBridge 则会负责将外部服务产生的事件安全的、可靠的适配并投递到当前微服务设计的API。</p><p>那什么时候我们使用RocketMQ消息,什么时候使用EventBridge事件? 事件的含义是什么,和消息有什么区别?</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="消息与事件">消息与事件<a href="#消息与事件" class="hash-link" aria-label="消息与事件的直接链接" title="消息与事件的直接链接"></a></h2><p>我们给事件做了如下定义:</p><div class="language-text codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">事件是指过去已经发生的事,尤其是比较重要的事。</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>事件与消息的关系如下:</p><p><img loading="lazy" alt="image" src="/zh/assets/images/MessageWithEvent-e09f120787a45a119bdff9104d391a25.png" width="914" height="347" class="img_ev3q"></p><p>消息包含Command消息和Event消息。Command消息是外部系统发送给本系统的一条操作命令(如上图左半部分);Event消息则是本系统收到Command操作请求,系统内部发生改变之后而产生了事件(如上图右半部分);</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="事件的四个特性">事件的四个特性<a href="#事件的四个特性" class="hash-link" aria-label="事件的四个特性的直接链接" title="事件的四个特性的直接链接"></a></h2><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="1已发生">1、已发生<a href="#1已发生" class="hash-link" aria-label="1、已发生的直接链接" title="1、已发生的直接链接"></a></h3><p>事件,一定是“已发生”的。 “已发生”同时意味着是不可变的。这个特性非常重要,在我们处理事件、分析事件的时候,这就意味着,我们绝对可以相信这些事件,只要是收到的事件,一定是系统真实发生过的行为。</p><p>Command,则代表一种操作请求,是否真的发生不可得知,比如:</p><div class="language-text codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">* 把厨房的灯打开</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">* 去按下门铃</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">* 转给A账户10w</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>Event,则是明确已经发生的事情。比如</p><div class="language-text codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">* 厨房灯被打开了</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">* 有人按了门铃</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">* A账户收到了10w</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="2无期望">2、无期望<a href="#2无期望" class="hash-link" aria-label="2、无期望的直接链接" title="2、无期望的直接链接"></a></h3><div class="language-text codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">事件是客观的描述一个事物的状态或属性值的变化,但对于如何处理事件本身并没有做任何期望。 相比之下,Command和Query则都是有期望的,他们希望系统做出改变或者返回结果,但是Event只是客观描述系统的一个变化。</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>举个例子: 交通信号灯,从绿灯变成黄灯,只是描述了一个客观事实,本身并没有客观期望。在不同国家地区,对这个事件赋予了不同的期望。 比如,在日本黄灯等于红灯,而在俄罗斯闯黄灯是被默许的。</p><p>与Command消息对比:</p><ul><li>事件:有点像&quot;市场经济&quot;,商品被生产出来,摆放在商场的大橱窗里,消费者谁看着觉得好就买回去,如果一直没人买,商品可能就过期浪费了。</li><li>Command消息:则有点像&quot;计划经济&quot;,按需生产,指定分配对象,也很少产生浪费。</li></ul><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="3天然有序且唯一">3、天然有序且唯一<a href="#3天然有序且唯一" class="hash-link" aria-label="3、天然有序且唯一的直接链接" title="3、天然有序且唯一的直接链接"></a></h3><div class="language-text codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">同一个实体,不能同时发生A又发生B,必有先后关系;如果是,则这两个事件必属于不同的事件类型。</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>比如:针对同一个交通信号灯,不能既变成绿灯,又变成红灯,同一时刻,只能变成一种状态。 如果我们看到了两个内容一样的事件,那么一定是发生了两次,而且一次在前,一次在后。这对于我们处理数据最终一致性、以及系统行为分析(比如ABA场景)都很有价值:我们看到的,不光光是系统的一个最终结果,而是看到变成这个结果之前的,一系列中间过程。</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="4具像化">4、具像化<a href="#4具像化" class="hash-link" aria-label="4、具像化的直接链接" title="4、具像化的直接链接"></a></h3><p>事件会尽可能的把“案发现场”完整的记录下来,因为事件不知道消费者会如何使用它,所以会做到尽量的详尽。包括:</p><div class="language-text codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">什么时候发生的事件?</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">谁产生的?</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">是什么类型的事件?</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">事件的内容是什么?内容的结构是什么?</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">... ...</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>对比我们常见的消息,因为上下游一般是确定的,常常为了性能和传输效率,则会做到尽可能的精简,只要满足“计划经济”指定安排的消费者需求即可。</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="rocketmq-eventbridge-的典型应用场景">RocketMQ EventBridge 的典型应用场景<a href="#rocketmq-eventbridge-的典型应用场景" class="hash-link" aria-label="RocketMQ EventBridge 的典型应用场景的直接链接" title="RocketMQ EventBridge 的典型应用场景的直接链接"></a></h2><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="场景1事件通知">场景1:事件通知<a href="#场景1事件通知" class="hash-link" aria-label="场景1:事件通知的直接链接" title="场景1:事件通知的直接链接"></a></h3><p>微服务中,我们常常会遇到需要把一个微服务中生产的消息,通知给其他消费者的场景。这里我们对比三种方式:</p><p>A:强依赖方式</p><p>生产者主动调用消费者的微服务,并适配消费者的API。这种设计无疑是非常糟糕的,生产者强依赖消费者,深度耦合。万一调用某个消费者出现异常且未做有效隔离,极容易导致整个微服务Hang起。有新的消费者进来,扩展性也极差。</p><p>B:半解耦方式</p><p>生产者将消息发送到消息服务,消费者订阅消息服务获取消息,并将消息解析成自己业务领域模型中需要的数据格式。这种方式做到了调用链路上的解耦,极大的降低了系统风险,但是对于消费者来说,依旧需要去理解和解析生产者的业务语义,将消息转换成自己业务领域内需要的格式。这种方式下,当消费者需要订阅多个生产者的数据的时候,需要用大量的胶水代码,为每一个生产者产生的消息做适配。另外,当上游生产者的消息格式发生变化时,也会存在风险和运维成本。</p><p>B:完全解耦方式</p><p>这种方式下,消费者不需要引入SDK订阅Broker,只需要按照自己的业务领域模型设计API,消息服务会将上游的事件,过滤并转换成API需要的事件格式。既没有调用链路上的依赖,也没有业务上的依赖。当上游生产者的事件数据格式发生变化时,消息服务会做兼容性校验,可以拒绝生产者发送事件或者进行告警。</p><p><img loading="lazy" alt="image" src="/zh/assets/images/ThreeStages-840b209d165587c9fe2e3e5d6b942ead.png" width="1832" height="790" class="img_ev3q"></p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="场景2系统间集成">场景2:系统间集成<a href="#场景2系统间集成" class="hash-link" aria-label="场景2:系统间集成的直接链接" title="场景2:系统间集成的直接链接"></a></h3><p>场景1主要面向一个产品内部,各个微服务之间的事件通信。场景2则是主要面向多个产品之间的事件通信。在一个企业中,我们常常会用到多款产品,而且很多产品可能并不是我们自己开发的,而是购买的外部SaaS服务。这个时候,如果我们希望事件在不同外部SaaS产品之间流转是比较困难的,因为这些外部SaaS产品不是我们自己开发的,无法轻易的修改其中的代码。EventBridge提供的事件中心能力,能够帮助收集各个产品产生的事件,并很好的组织管理起来,就像大卖场橱窗里的商品,精心摆放准备好,配备介绍说明书,供消费者挑选,同时提供送货上门服务。</p><p><img loading="lazy" alt="image" src="/zh/assets/images/EventCenter-850d3b5bbc18655758b155d3e610a73d.png" width="1696" height="876" class="img_ev3q"></p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="rocketmq-eventbridge-是如何工作的">RocketMQ EventBridge 是如何工作的?<a href="#rocketmq-eventbridge-是如何工作的" class="hash-link" aria-label="RocketMQ EventBridge 是如何工作的?的直接链接" title="RocketMQ EventBridge 是如何工作的?的直接链接"></a></h2><p>为了解决上述两个应用场景中提到的问题,EventBridge从以下5个方面入手:</p><p><strong>第1. 确定事件标准:</strong>
因为事件不是给自己看的,而是给所有人看的。它没有明确的消费者,所有都是潜在的消费者。所以,我们需要规范化事件的定义,让所有人都能看得懂,一目了然。目前CNCF旗下的CloudEvent,以逐渐成为广泛的事实标准,因此,我们选取了CloudEvent 作为我们的EventBridge的事件标准。</p><p><strong>第2. 建立事件中心:</strong>
事件中心里面有所有系统,注册上来的各种事件,这个就像我们上面说的市场经济大卖场,里面玲琅满目分类摆放了各种各样的事件,所有人即使不买,也都可以进来瞧一瞧,看一看,有哪些事件可能是我需要的,那就可以买回去。</p><p><strong>第3. 定义事件格式:</strong>
事件格式用来描述事件的具体内容。这相当于市场经济的一个买卖契约。生产者发送的事件格式是什么,得确定下来,不能总是变;消费者以什么格式接收事件也得确定下来,不然整个市场就乱套了。</p><p><strong>第4. 订阅&quot;规则&quot;:</strong>
我们得给消费者一个,把事件投递到目标端的能力,并且投递前可以对事件进行过滤和转换,让它可以适配目标端API接收参数的格式,我们把这个过程叫做创建订阅规则。</p><p><strong>第5. 事件总线:</strong>
最后我们还得有一个存储事件的地方,就是下图中最中间的事件总线。</p><p><img loading="lazy" alt="image" src="/zh/assets/images/HowEventBridgeWork-f7ce646f4bfc0d5f26b9261673009ce9.png" width="1838" height="824" class="img_ev3q"></p></div><footer class="theme-doc-footer docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="theme-doc-footer-edit-meta-row row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/apache/rocketmq-site/tree/new-official-website/versioned_docs/version-5.0/07-eventbridge/02RocketMQEventBridgeOverview.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="theme-edit-this-page"><svg fill="currentColor" height="20" width="20" viewBox="0 0 40 40" class="iconEdit_Z9Sw" aria-hidden="true"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>编辑此页</a></div><div class="col lastUpdated_vwxv"></div></div></footer></article><nav class="pagination-nav docusaurus-mt-lg" aria-label="文件选项卡"><a class="pagination-nav__link 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