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itemprop="position" content="2"></li></ul></nav><span class="theme-doc-version-badge badge badge--secondary">版本：4.x</span><div class="tocCollapsible_ETCw theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_ITEo"><button type="button" class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P">本页总览</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><h1>普通消息发送</h1><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="1向集群中创建-topic">1.向集群中创建 Topic<a href="#1向集群中创建-topic" class="hash-link" aria-label="1.向集群中创建 Topic的直接链接" title="1.向集群中创建 Topic的直接链接">​</a></h2><p>发送消息前，需要确保目标主题已经被创建和初始化。可以利用 RocketMQ Admin 工具创建目标 Topic 。</p><p>RocketMQ 部署安装包默认开启了 <strong>autoCreateTopicEnable</strong> 配置，会自动为发送的消息创建 Topic，但该特性仅推荐在初期测试时使用。</p><p><strong>生产环境强烈建议管理所有主题的生命周期，关闭自动创建参数</strong>，以避免生产集群出现大量无效主题，无法管理和回收，造成集群注册压力增大，影响生产集群的稳定性。</p><div class="language-shell codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">$ </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">sh</span><span class="token plain"> bin/mqadmin updateTopic -c DefaultCluster -t TopicTest -n </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">127.0</span><span class="token plain">.0.1:9876</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">create topic to </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">127.0</span><span class="token plain">.0.1:10911 success.</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">TopicConfig </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">topicName</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">TopicTest, </span><span class="token assign-left variable" style="color:#36acaa">readQueueNums</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">8</span><span class="token plain">, </span><span class="token assign-left variable" style="color:#36acaa">writeQueueNums</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">8</span><span class="token plain">, </span><span class="token assign-left variable" style="color:#36acaa">perm</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">RW-, </span><span class="token assign-left variable" style="color:#36acaa">topicFilterType</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">SINGLE_TAG, </span><span class="token assign-left variable" style="color:#36acaa">topicSysFlag</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token plain">, </span><span class="token assign-left variable" style="color:#36acaa">order</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">false, </span><span class="token assign-left variable" style="color:#36acaa">attributes</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">null</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>可以看到在执行完命令后，在该台Broker机器上创建了8个队列，名为TopicTest的Topic。</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="2添加客户端依赖">2.添加客户端依赖<a href="#2添加客户端依赖" class="hash-link" aria-label="2.添加客户端依赖的直接链接" title="2.添加客户端依赖的直接链接">​</a></h2><p>首先需要在 JAVA 程序中添加 RocketMQ 的客户端依赖。</p><div class="tabs-container tabList__CuJ"><ul role="tablist" aria-orientation="horizontal" class="tabs"><li role="tab" tabindex="0" aria-selected="true" class="tabs__item tabItem_LNqP tabs__item--active">Maven</li><li role="tab" tabindex="-1" aria-selected="false" class="tabs__item tabItem_LNqP">Gradle</li></ul><div class="margin-top--md"><div role="tabpanel" class="tabItem_Ymn6"><div class="language-java codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-java codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">&lt;dependency&gt;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> &lt;groupId&gt;org.apache.rocketmq&lt;/groupId&gt;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> &lt;artifactId&gt;rocketmq-client&lt;/artifactId&gt;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> &lt;version&gt;4.9.4&lt;/version&gt;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">&lt;/dependency&gt;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div></div><div role="tabpanel" class="tabItem_Ymn6" hidden=""><div class="language-java codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-java codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">compile &#x27;org.apache.rocketmq:rocketmq-client:4.9.4&#x27;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div></div></div></div><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="3消息发送">3.消息发送<a href="#3消息发送" class="hash-link" aria-label="3.消息发送的直接链接" title="3.消息发送的直接链接">​</a></h2><p>Apache RocketMQ可用于以三种方式发送消息：<strong>同步、异步和单向传输</strong>。前两种消息类型是可靠的，因为无论它们是否成功发送都有响应。</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="31-同步发送">3.1 同步发送<a href="#31-同步发送" class="hash-link" aria-label="3.1 同步发送的直接链接" title="3.1 同步发送的直接链接">​</a></h3><p>同步发送是最常用的方式，是指消息发送方发出一条消息后，会在收到服务端同步响应之后才发下一条消息的通讯方式，可靠的同步传输被广泛应用于各种场景，如重要的通知消息、短消息通知等。</p><p><img loading="lazy" alt="同步发送" src="/zh/assets/images/同步发送-6a8c78dae434afe4fbd970a2836f740c.png" width="900" height="939" class="img_ev3q"></p><p>同步发送的整个代码流程如下：</p><ol><li><strong>首先会创建一个producer</strong>。普通消息可以创建 DefaultMQProducer，创建时需要填写生产组的名称，生产者组是指同一类Producer的集合，这类Producer发送同一类消息且发送逻辑一致。</li><li><strong>设置 NameServer 的地址</strong>。Apache RocketMQ很多方式设置NameServer地址(客户端配置中有介绍)，这里是在代码中调用producer的API setNamesrvAddr进行设置，如果有多个NameServer，中间以分号隔开，比如&quot;127.0.0.2:9876;127.0.0.3:9876&quot;。 </li><li><strong>第三步是构建消息</strong>。指定topic、tag、body等信息，tag可以理解成标签，对消息进行再归类，RocketMQ可以在消费端对tag进行过滤。</li><li><strong>最后调用send接口将消息发送出去</strong>。同步发送等待结果最后返回SendResult，SendResult包含实际发送状态还包括SEND_OK（发送成功）, FLUSH_DISK_TIMEOUT（刷盘超时）, FLUSH_SLAVE_TIMEOUT（同步到备超时）, SLAVE_NOT_AVAILABLE（备不可用），如果发送失败会抛出异常。</li></ol><div class="language-java codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-java codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">public class SyncProducer {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> // 初始化一个producer并设置Producer group name</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer(&quot;please_rename_unique_group_name&quot;); //（1）</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> // 设置NameServer地址</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> producer.setNamesrvAddr(&quot;localhost:9876&quot;); //（2）</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> // 启动producer</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> producer.start();</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> for (int i = 0; i &lt; 100; i++) {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> // 创建一条消息，并指定topic、tag、body等信息，tag可以理解成标签，对消息进行再归类，RocketMQ可以在消费端对tag进行过滤</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> Message msg = new Message(&quot;TopicTest&quot; /* Topic */,</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> &quot;TagA&quot; /* Tag */,</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> (&quot;Hello RocketMQ &quot; + i).getBytes(RemotingHelper.DEFAULT_CHARSET) /* Message body */</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> ); //（3）</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> // 利用producer进行发送，并同步等待发送结果</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> SendResult sendResult = producer.send(msg); //（4）</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> System.out.printf(&quot;%s%n&quot;, sendResult);</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> // 一旦producer不再使用，关闭producer</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> producer.shutdown();</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">}</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><div class="theme-admonition theme-admonition-note alert alert--secondary admonition_LlT9"><div class="admonitionHeading_tbUL"><span class="admonitionIcon_kALy"><svg viewBox="0 0 14 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.3 5.69a.942.942 0 0 1-.28-.7c0-.28.09-.52.28-.7.19-.18.42-.28.7-.28.28 0 .52.09.7.28.18.19.28.42.28.7 0 .28-.09.52-.28.7a1 1 0 0 1-.7.3c-.28 0-.52-.11-.7-.3zM8 7.99c-.02-.25-.11-.48-.31-.69-.2-.19-.42-.3-.69-.31H6c-.27.02-.48.13-.69.31-.2.2-.3.44-.31.69h1v3c.02.27.11.5.31.69.2.2.42.31.69.31h1c.27 0 .48-.11.69-.31.2-.19.3-.42.31-.69H8V7.98v.01zM7 2.3c-3.14 0-5.7 2.54-5.7 5.68 0 3.14 2.56 5.7 5.7 5.7s5.7-2.55 5.7-5.7c0-3.15-2.56-5.69-5.7-5.69v.01zM7 .98c3.86 0 7 3.14 7 7s-3.14 7-7 7-7-3.12-7-7 3.14-7 7-7z"></path></svg></span>备注</div><div class="admonitionContent_S0QG"><p>同步发送方式请务必捕获发送异常，并做业务侧失败兜底逻辑，如果忽略异常则可能会导致消息未成功发送的情况。</p></div></div><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="32-异步发送">3.2 异步发送<a href="#32-异步发送" class="hash-link" aria-label="3.2 异步发送的直接链接" title="3.2 异步发送的直接链接">​</a></h3><p><img loading="lazy" alt="同步发送" src="/zh/assets/images/异步发送-c05e8e1111d99d8b8b4626e419e9f8e5.png" width="900" height="939" class="img_ev3q"></p><p>异步发送是指发送方发出一条消息后，不等服务端返回响应，接着发送下一条消息的通讯方式。</p><div class="theme-admonition theme-admonition-note alert alert--secondary admonition_LlT9"><div class="admonitionHeading_tbUL"><span class="admonitionIcon_kALy"><svg viewBox="0 0 14 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.3 5.69a.942.942 0 0 1-.28-.7c0-.28.09-.52.28-.7.19-.18.42-.28.7-.28.28 0 .52.09.7.28.18.19.28.42.28.7 0 .28-.09.52-.28.7a1 1 0 0 1-.7.3c-.28 0-.52-.11-.7-.3zM8 7.99c-.02-.25-.11-.48-.31-.69-.2-.19-.42-.3-.69-.31H6c-.27.02-.48.13-.69.31-.2.2-.3.44-.31.69h1v3c.02.27.11.5.31.69.2.2.42.31.69.31h1c.27 0 .48-.11.69-.31.2-.19.3-.42.31-.69H8V7.98v.01zM7 2.3c-3.14 0-5.7 2.54-5.7 5.68 0 3.14 2.56 5.7 5.7 5.7s5.7-2.55 5.7-5.7c0-3.15-2.56-5.69-5.7-5.69v.01zM7 .98c3.86 0 7 3.14 7 7s-3.14 7-7 7-7-3.12-7-7 3.14-7 7-7z"></path></svg></span>备注</div><div class="admonitionContent_S0QG"><p>异步发送需要实现<strong>异步发送回调接口</strong>（SendCallback）。</p></div></div><p>消息发送方在发送了一条消息后，不需要等待服务端响应即可发送第二条消息，发送方通过回调接口接收服务端响应，并处理响应结果。异步发送一般用于链路耗时较长，对响应时间较为敏感的业务场景。例如，视频上传后通知启动转码服务，转码完成后通知推送转码结果等。</p><p>如下是示例代码。</p><div class="language-java codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-java codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">public class AsyncProducer {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> // 初始化一个producer并设置Producer group name</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer(&quot;please_rename_unique_group_name&quot;);</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> // 设置NameServer地址</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> producer.setNamesrvAddr(&quot;localhost:9876&quot;);</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> // 启动producer</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> producer.start();</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> producer.setRetryTimesWhenSendAsyncFailed(0);</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> int messageCount = 100;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(messageCount);</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> for (int i = 0; i &lt; messageCount; i++) {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> try {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> final int index = i;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> // 创建一条消息，并指定topic、tag、body等信息，tag可以理解成标签，对消息进行再归类，RocketMQ可以在消费端对tag进行过滤</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> Message msg = new Message(&quot;TopicTest&quot;,</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> &quot;TagA&quot;,</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> &quot;Hello world&quot;.getBytes(RemotingHelper.DEFAULT_CHARSET));</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> // 异步发送消息, 发送结果通过callback返回给客户端</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> producer.send(msg, new SendCallback() {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> @Override</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> public void onSuccess(SendResult sendResult) {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> System.out.printf(&quot;%-10d OK %s %n&quot;, index,</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> sendResult.getMsgId());</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> countDownLatch.countDown();</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> @Override</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> public void onException(Throwable e) {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> System.out.printf(&quot;%-10d Exception %s %n&quot;, index, e);</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> e.printStackTrace();</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> countDownLatch.countDown();</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> });</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> } catch (Exception e) {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> e.printStackTrace();</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> countDownLatch.countDown();</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> //异步发送，如果要求可靠传输，必须要等回调接口返回明确结果后才能结束逻辑，否则立即关闭Producer可能导致部分消息尚未传输成功</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> countDownLatch.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> // 一旦producer不再使用，关闭producer</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> producer.shutdown();</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">}</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><div class="theme-admonition theme-admonition-note alert alert--secondary admonition_LlT9"><div class="admonitionHeading_tbUL"><span class="admonitionIcon_kALy"><svg viewBox="0 0 14 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.3 5.69a.942.942 0 0 1-.28-.7c0-.28.09-.52.28-.7.19-.18.42-.28.7-.28.28 0 .52.09.7.28.18.19.28.42.28.7 0 .28-.09.52-.28.7a1 1 0 0 1-.7.3c-.28 0-.52-.11-.7-.3zM8 7.99c-.02-.25-.11-.48-.31-.69-.2-.19-.42-.3-.69-.31H6c-.27.02-.48.13-.69.31-.2.2-.3.44-.31.69h1v3c.02.27.11.5.31.69.2.2.42.31.69.31h1c.27 0 .48-.11.69-.31.2-.19.3-.42.31-.69H8V7.98v.01zM7 2.3c-3.14 0-5.7 2.54-5.7 5.68 0 3.14 2.56 5.7 5.7 5.7s5.7-2.55 5.7-5.7c0-3.15-2.56-5.69-5.7-5.69v.01zM7 .98c3.86 0 7 3.14 7 7s-3.14 7-7 7-7-3.12-7-7 3.14-7 7-7z"></path></svg></span>备注</div><div class="admonitionContent_S0QG"><p>异步发送与同步发送代码唯一区别在于调用send接口的参数不同，异步发送不会等待发送返回，取而代之的是send方法需要传入 SendCallback 的实现，SendCallback 接口主要有onSuccess 和 onException 两个方法，表示消息发送成功和消息发送失败。</p></div></div><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="33-单向模式发送">3.3 单向模式发送<a href="#33-单向模式发送" class="hash-link" aria-label="3.3 单向模式发送的直接链接" title="3.3 单向模式发送的直接链接">​</a></h3><p><img loading="lazy" alt="同步发送" src="/zh/assets/images/Oneway发送-bc1379bd3b8f382c23ff7abac1e0ed95.png" width="900" height="641" class="img_ev3q"></p><p>发送方只负责发送消息，不等待服务端返回响应且没有回调函数触发，即只发送请求不等待应答。此方式发送消息的过程耗时非常短，一般在微秒级别。适用于某些耗时非常短，但对可靠性要求并不高的场景，例如日志收集。</p><div class="language-java codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-java codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">public class OnewayProducer {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> // 初始化一个producer并设置Producer group name</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer(&quot;please_rename_unique_group_name&quot;);</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> // 设置NameServer地址</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> producer.setNamesrvAddr(&quot;localhost:9876&quot;);</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> // 启动producer</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> producer.start();</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> for (int i = 0; i &lt; 100; i++) {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> // 创建一条消息，并指定topic、tag、body等信息，tag可以理解成标签，对消息进行再归类，RocketMQ可以在消费端对tag进行过滤</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> Message msg = new Message(&quot;TopicTest&quot; /* Topic */,</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> &quot;TagA&quot; /* Tag */,</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> (&quot;Hello RocketMQ &quot; + i).getBytes(RemotingHelper.DEFAULT_CHARSET) /* Message body */</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> );</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> // 由于在oneway方式发送消息时没有请求应答处理，如果出现消息发送失败，则会因为没有重试而导致数据丢失。若数据不可丢，建议选用可靠同步或可靠异步发送方式。</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> producer.sendOneway(msg);</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> // 一旦producer不再使用，关闭producer</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> producer.shutdown();</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">}</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>单向模式调用sendOneway，不会对返回结果有任何等待和处理。</p></div><footer class="theme-doc-footer docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="theme-doc-footer-edit-meta-row row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/apache/rocketmq-site/tree/new-official-website/docs/02-producer/02message1.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="theme-edit-this-page"><svg fill="currentColor" height="20" width="20" viewBox="0 0 40 40" class="iconEdit_Z9Sw" aria-hidden="true"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>编辑此页</a></div><div class="col lastUpdated_vwxv"></div></div></footer></article><nav class="pagination-nav docusaurus-mt-lg" aria-label="文件选项卡"><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--prev" href="/zh/docs/4.x/producer/01concept1"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">上一页</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">基本概念</div></a><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--next" href="/zh/docs/4.x/producer/03message2"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">下一页</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">顺序消息发送</div></a></nav></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_bqdL thin-scrollbar theme-doc-toc-desktop"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#1向集群中创建-topic" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">1.向集群中创建 Topic</a></li><li><a href="#2添加客户端依赖" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">2.添加客户端依赖</a></li><li><a href="#3消息发送" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">3.消息发送</a><ul><li><a href="#31-同步发送" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">3.1 同步发送</a></li><li><a href="#32-异步发送" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">3.2 异步发送</a></li><li><a href="#33-单向模式发送" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">3.3 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