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itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"><li class="breadcrumbs__item"><a aria-label="Home page" class="breadcrumbs__link" href="/"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="breadcrumbHomeIcon_YNFT"><path d="M10 19v-5h4v5c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1v-7h1.7c.46 0 .68-.57.33-.87L12.67 3.6c-.38-.34-.96-.34-1.34 0l-8.36 7.53c-.34.3-.13.87.33.87H5v7c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></a></li><li class="breadcrumbs__item"><span class="breadcrumbs__link">Tiered Storage</span><meta itemprop="position" content="1"></li><li itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active"><span class="breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="name">Overview</span><meta itemprop="position" content="2"></li></ul></nav><div class="tocCollapsible_ETCw theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_ITEo"><button type="button" class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P">On this page</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><header><h1>Overview of tiered storage</h1></header><p>Pulsar's <strong>Tiered Storage</strong> feature allows older backlog data to be moved from BookKeeper to long-term and cheaper storage, while still allowing clients to access the backlog as if nothing has changed.</p><ul><li>Tiered storage uses <a href="https://jclouds.apache.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Apache jclouds</a> to support <a href="https://aws.amazon.com/s3/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Amazon S3</a>, <a href="https://cloud.google.com/storage/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">GCS (Google Cloud Storage)</a>, <a href="https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/storage/blobs/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Azure</a> and <a href="https://www.aliyun.com/product/oss" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Aliyun OSS</a> for long-term storage.<ul><li>Read how to <a href="/docs/3.1.x/tiered-storage-aws/">Use AWS S3 offloader with Pulsar</a>;</li><li>Read how to <a href="/docs/3.1.x/tiered-storage-gcs/">Use GCS offloader with Pulsar</a>;</li><li>Read how to <a href="/docs/3.1.x/tiered-storage-azure/">Use Azure BlobStore offloader with Pulsar</a>;</li><li>Read how to <a href="/docs/3.1.x/tiered-storage-aliyun/">Use Aliyun OSS offloader with Pulsar</a>;</li><li>Read how to <a href="/docs/3.1.x/tiered-storage-s3/">Use S3 offloader with Pulsar</a>.</li></ul></li><li>Tiered storage uses <a href="http://hadoop.apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Apache Hadoop</a> to support filesystems for long-term storage.<ul><li>Read how to <a href="/docs/3.1.x/tiered-storage-filesystem/">Use filesystem offloader with Pulsar</a>.</li></ul></li></ul><div class="theme-admonition theme-admonition-tip alert alert--success admonition_LlT9"><div class="admonitionHeading_tbUL"><span class="admonitionIcon_kALy"><svg viewBox="0 0 12 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.5 0C3.48 0 1 2.19 1 5c0 .92.55 2.25 1 3 1.34 2.25 1.78 2.78 2 4v1h5v-1c.22-1.22.66-1.75 2-4 .45-.75 1-2.08 1-3 0-2.81-2.48-5-5.5-5zm3.64 7.48c-.25.44-.47.8-.67 1.11-.86 1.41-1.25 2.06-1.45 3.23-.02.05-.02.11-.02.17H5c0-.06 0-.13-.02-.17-.2-1.17-.59-1.83-1.45-3.23-.2-.31-.42-.67-.67-1.11C2.44 6.78 2 5.65 2 5c0-2.2 2.02-4 4.5-4 1.22 0 2.36.42 3.22 1.19C10.55 2.94 11 3.94 11 5c0 .66-.44 1.78-.86 2.48zM4 14h5c-.23 1.14-1.3 2-2.5 2s-2.27-.86-2.5-2z"></path></svg></span>tip</div><div class="admonitionContent_S0QG"><p>The <a href="/docs/3.1.x/tiered-storage-aws/">AWS S3 offloader</a> registers specific AWS metadata, such as regions and service URLs and requests bucket location before performing any operations. If you cannot access the Amazon service, you can use the <a href="/docs/3.1.x/tiered-storage-s3/">S3 offloader</a> instead since it is an S3 compatible API without the metadata.</p></div></div><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="when-to-use-tiered-storage">When to use tiered storage?<a href="#when-to-use-tiered-storage" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to When to use tiered storage?" title="Direct link to When to use tiered storage?"></a></h2><p>Tiered storage should be used when you have a topic for which you want to keep a very long backlog for a long time.</p><p>For example, if you have a topic containing user actions that you use to train your recommendation systems, you may want to keep that data for a long time, so that if you change your recommendation algorithm, you can rerun it against your full user history.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="how-to-install-tiered-storage-offloaders">How to install tiered storage offloaders?<a href="#how-to-install-tiered-storage-offloaders" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to How to install tiered storage offloaders?" title="Direct link to How to install tiered storage offloaders?"></a></h2><p>Pulsar releases a separate binary distribution, containing the tiered storage offloaders. To enable those offloaders, you need to download the offloaders tarball release:</p><div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">wget</span><span class="token plain"> https://archive.apache.org/dist/pulsar/pulsar-3.1.3/apache-pulsar-offloaders-3.1.3-bin.tar.gz</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>After you download the tarball, untar the offloaders package and copy the offloaders as <code>offloaders</code> in the pulsar directory:</p><div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">tar</span><span class="token plain"> xvfz apache-pulsar-offloaders-3.1.3-bin.tar.gz</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">mv</span><span class="token plain"> apache-pulsar-offloaders-3.1.3/offloaders offloaders</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">ls</span><span class="token plain"> offloaders</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)"># tiered-storage-file-system-3.1.3.nar</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)"># tiered-storage-jcloud-3.1.3.nar</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>For more information on how to configure tiered storage, see <a href="/docs/3.1.x/cookbooks-tiered-storage/">Tiered storage cookbook</a>.</p><div class="theme-admonition theme-admonition-note alert alert--secondary admonition_LlT9"><div class="admonitionHeading_tbUL"><span class="admonitionIcon_kALy"><svg viewBox="0 0 14 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.3 5.69a.942.942 0 0 1-.28-.7c0-.28.09-.52.28-.7.19-.18.42-.28.7-.28.28 0 .52.09.7.28.18.19.28.42.28.7 0 .28-.09.52-.28.7a1 1 0 0 1-.7.3c-.28 0-.52-.11-.7-.3zM8 7.99c-.02-.25-.11-.48-.31-.69-.2-.19-.42-.3-.69-.31H6c-.27.02-.48.13-.69.31-.2.2-.3.44-.31.69h1v3c.02.27.11.5.31.69.2.2.42.31.69.31h1c.27 0 .48-.11.69-.31.2-.19.3-.42.31-.69H8V7.98v.01zM7 2.3c-3.14 0-5.7 2.54-5.7 5.68 0 3.14 2.56 5.7 5.7 5.7s5.7-2.55 5.7-5.7c0-3.15-2.56-5.69-5.7-5.69v.01zM7 .98c3.86 0 7 3.14 7 7s-3.14 7-7 7-7-3.12-7-7 3.14-7 7-7z"></path></svg></span>note</div><div class="admonitionContent_S0QG"><ul><li>If you are running Pulsar in a bare metal cluster, make sure that <code>offloaders</code> tarball is unzipped in every broker's pulsar directory.</li><li>If you are <a href="/docs/3.1.x/getting-started-docker/">running Pulsar in Docker</a> or deploying Pulsar using a docker image (e.g. <a href="/docs/3.1.x/deploy-kubernetes/">K8S</a>), you can use the <code>apachepulsar/pulsar-all</code> image instead of the <code>apachepulsar/pulsar</code> image. <code>apachepulsar/pulsar-all</code> image has already bundled tiered storage offloaders.</li></ul></div></div><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="how-does-tiered-storage-work">How does tiered storage work?<a href="#how-does-tiered-storage-work" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to How does tiered storage work?" title="Direct link to How does tiered storage work?"></a></h2><p>A topic in Pulsar is backed by a <strong>log</strong>, known as a <strong>managed ledger</strong>. This log is composed of an ordered list of segments. Pulsar only writes to the final segment of the log. All previous segments are sealed. The data within the segment is immutable. This is known as a <strong>segment-oriented architecture</strong>.</p><p><img loading="lazy" alt="Tiered storage" src="/assets/images/pulsar-tiered-storage-72d8b53762992cfeaa58ae3b48dd2522.png" title="Tiered Storage" width="1110" height="697" class="img_ev3q"></p><p>The tiered storage offloading mechanism takes advantage of the segment-oriented architecture. When offloading is requested, the segments of the log are copied one by one to tiered storage. All segments of the log (apart from the current segment) written to tiered storage can be offloaded.</p><p>Data written to BookKeeper is replicated to 3 physical machines by default. However, once a segment is sealed in BookKeeper, it becomes immutable and can be copied to long-term storage. Long-term storage has the potential to achieve significant cost savings.</p><p>Before offloading ledgers to long-term storage, you need to configure buckets, credentials, and other properties for the cloud storage service. Additionally, Pulsar uses multi-part objects to upload the segment data and brokers may crash while uploading the data. It is recommended that you add a life cycle rule for your bucket to expire incomplete multi-part upload after a day or two days to avoid getting charged for incomplete uploads. Moreover, you can trigger the offloading operation manually (via REST API or CLI) or automatically (via CLI).</p><p>After transferring ledgers to long-term storage, the messages within these ledgers remain accessible to Pulsar consumers and readers, ensuring transparency in data retrieval. Additionally, you can query data in the offloaded ledgers using Pulsar SQL.</p><p>For more information about tiered storage for Pulsar topics, see <a href="https://github.com/apache/pulsar/wiki/PIP-17:-Tiered-storage-for-Pulsar-topics" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">PIP-17</a> and <a href="/docs/3.1.x/reference-metrics/#offload-metrics">offload metrics</a>.</p></div><footer class="theme-doc-footer docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="theme-doc-footer-edit-meta-row row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/apache/pulsar-site/edit/main/versioned_docs/version-3.1.x/tiered-storage-overview.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="theme-edit-this-page"><svg fill="currentColor" height="20" width="20" viewBox="0 0 40 40" class="iconEdit_Z9Sw" aria-hidden="true"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div><div class="col 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