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<title data-rh="true">Use SerDe | Apache Pulsar</title><meta data-rh="true" name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:image" content="https://pulsar.apache.org/img/pulsar-social-media-card.png"><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:image" content="https://pulsar.apache.org/img/pulsar-social-media-card.png"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:url" content="https://pulsar.apache.org/docs/3.1.x/functions-develop-serde/"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_locale" content="en"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:language" content="en"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_version" content="3.1.x"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_tag" content="docs-default-3.1.x"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:version" content="3.1.x"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:docusaurus_tag" content="docs-default-3.1.x"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:title" content="Use SerDe | Apache Pulsar"><meta data-rh="true" name="description" content="Pulsar Functions use SerDe (Serialization and Deserialization) when publishing data to or consuming data from Pulsar topics. How SerDe works by default depends on the language you use (Java or Python) for a particular function. In both languages, however, you can write custom SerDe logic for more complex, application-specific types."><meta data-rh="true" property="og:description" content="Pulsar Functions use SerDe (Serialization and Deserialization) when publishing data to or consuming data from Pulsar topics. How SerDe works by default depends on the language you use (Java or Python) for a particular function. In both languages, however, you can write custom SerDe logic for more complex, application-specific types."><link data-rh="true" rel="icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"><link data-rh="true" rel="alternate" href="https://pulsar.apache.org/docs/3.1.x/functions-develop-serde/" hreflang="en"><link data-rh="true" rel="alternate" href="https://pulsar.apache.org/docs/3.1.x/functions-develop-serde/" hreflang="x-default"><link data-rh="true" rel="canonical" href="https://pulsar.apache.org/docs/functions-develop-serde/"><link data-rh="true" rel="preconnect" href="https://WK2YL0SALL-dsn.algolia.net" crossorigin="anonymous"><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="/blog/rss.xml" title="Apache Pulsar RSS Feed">
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class="breadcrumbs__link">Pulsar Functions</span><meta itemprop="position" content="1"></li><li itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumbs__item"><a class="breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="item" href="/docs/3.1.x/functions-develop/"><span itemprop="name">How-to: Develop</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="2"></li><li itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active"><span class="breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="name">Use SerDe</span><meta itemprop="position" content="3"></li></ul></nav><div class="tocCollapsible_ETCw theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_ITEo"><button type="button" class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P">On this page</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><header><h1>Use SerDe</h1></header><p>Pulsar Functions use SerDe (<strong>Ser</strong>ialization and <strong>De</strong>serialization) when publishing data to or consuming data from Pulsar topics. How SerDe works by default depends on the language you use (Java or Python) for a particular function. In both languages, however, you can write custom SerDe logic for more complex, application-specific types.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="use-serde-for-java-functions">Use SerDe for Java functions<a href="#use-serde-for-java-functions" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Use SerDe for Java functions" title="Direct link to Use SerDe for Java functions">​</a></h2><p>The following basic Java types are built-in and supported by default for Java functions: <code>string</code>, <code>double</code>, <code>integer</code>, <code>float</code>, <code>long</code>, <code>short</code>, and <code>byte</code>.</p><p>To customize Java types, you need to implement the following interface.</p><div class="language-java codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-java codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">public</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">interface</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">SerDe</span><span class="token generics punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">&lt;</span><span class="token generics class-name">T</span><span class="token generics punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">T</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">deserialize</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">byte</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">]</span><span class="token plain"> input</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">byte</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token class-name">T</span><span class="token plain"> input</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">}</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>SerDe works in the following ways for Java functions.</p><ul><li>If the input and output topics have a schema, Pulsar Functions use the schema for SerDe.</li><li>If the input or output topics do not exist, Pulsar Functions adopt the following rules to determine SerDe:<ul><li>If the schema type is specified, Pulsar Functions use the specified schema type.</li><li>If SerDe is specified, Pulsar Functions use the specified SerDe, and the schema type for input and output topics is <code>byte</code>.</li><li>If neither the schema type nor SerDe is specified, Pulsar Functions use the built-in SerDe. For non-primitive schema types, the built-in SerDe serializes and deserializes objects in the <code>JSON</code> format.</li></ul></li></ul><p>For example, imagine that you&#x27;re writing a function that processes tweet objects. You can refer to the following example of the <code>Tweet</code> class in Java.</p><div class="language-java codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-java codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">public</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">class</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Tweet</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">private</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token plain"> username</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">private</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token plain"> tweetContent</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">public</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Tweet</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token plain"> username</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token plain"> tweetContent</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">this</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">username </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> username</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">this</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">tweetContent </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> tweetContent</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">// Standard setters and getters</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">}</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>To pass <code>Tweet</code> objects directly between functions, you need to provide a custom SerDe class. In the example below, <code>Tweet</code> objects are basically strings, and username and tweet content are separated by <code>|</code>.</p><div class="language-java codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-java codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">package</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token namespace">com</span><span class="token namespace punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token namespace">example</span><span class="token namespace punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token namespace">serde</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token import namespace">org</span><span class="token import namespace punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token import namespace">apache</span><span class="token import namespace punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token import namespace">pulsar</span><span class="token import namespace punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token import namespace">functions</span><span class="token import namespace punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token import namespace">api</span><span class="token import namespace punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token import class-name">SerDe</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token import namespace">java</span><span class="token import namespace punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token import namespace">util</span><span class="token import namespace punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token import namespace">regex</span><span class="token import namespace punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token import class-name">Pattern</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">public</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">class</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">TweetSerde</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">implements</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">SerDe</span><span class="token generics punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">&lt;</span><span class="token generics class-name">Tweet</span><span class="token generics punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">public</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Tweet</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">deserialize</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">byte</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">]</span><span class="token plain"> input</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token plain"> s </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">new</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">input</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">]</span><span class="token plain"> fields </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> s</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">split</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token class-name">Pattern</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">quote</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;|&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">new</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Tweet</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">fields</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> fields</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">public</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">byte</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token class-name">Tweet</span><span class="token plain"> input</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;%s|%s&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">format</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">input</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">getUsername</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> input</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">getTweetContent</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">getBytes</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">}</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>To apply a customized SerDe to a particular function, you need to:</p><ul><li>Package the <code>Tweet</code> and <code>TweetSerde</code> classes into a JAR.</li><li>Specify a path to the JAR and SerDe class names when deploying the function.</li></ul><p>The following is an example of using the <code>create</code> command to deploy a function by applying a customized SerDe.</p><div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> bin/pulsar-admin functions create </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">\</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> --jar /path/to/your.jar </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">\</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> --output-serde-classname com.example.serde.TweetSerde </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">\</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)"># Other function attributes</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><div class="theme-admonition theme-admonition-note alert alert--secondary admonition_LlT9"><div class="admonitionHeading_tbUL"><span class="admonitionIcon_kALy"><svg viewBox="0 0 14 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.3 5.69a.942.942 0 0 1-.28-.7c0-.28.09-.52.28-.7.19-.18.42-.28.7-.28.28 0 .52.09.7.28.18.19.28.42.28.7 0 .28-.09.52-.28.7a1 1 0 0 1-.7.3c-.28 0-.52-.11-.7-.3zM8 7.99c-.02-.25-.11-.48-.31-.69-.2-.19-.42-.3-.69-.31H6c-.27.02-.48.13-.69.31-.2.2-.3.44-.31.69h1v3c.02.27.11.5.31.69.2.2.42.31.69.31h1c.27 0 .48-.11.69-.31.2-.19.3-.42.31-.69H8V7.98v.01zM7 2.3c-3.14 0-5.7 2.54-5.7 5.68 0 3.14 2.56 5.7 5.7 5.7s5.7-2.55 5.7-5.7c0-3.15-2.56-5.69-5.7-5.69v.01zM7 .98c3.86 0 7 3.14 7 7s-3.14 7-7 7-7-3.12-7-7 3.14-7 7-7z"></path></svg></span>note</div><div class="admonitionContent_S0QG"><p>Custom SerDe classes must be packaged with your function JARs.</p></div></div><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="use-serde-for-python-functions">Use SerDe for Python functions<a href="#use-serde-for-python-functions" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Use SerDe for Python functions" title="Direct link to Use SerDe for Python functions">​</a></h2><p>In Python, the default SerDe is an identity, meaning that the type is serialized as whatever type the function returns.</p><p>For example, you can specify the SerDe as follows when deploying a function in <a href="/docs/3.1.x/functions-deploy-cluster/">cluster mode</a>.</p><div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">bin/pulsar-admin functions create </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">\</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> --tenant public </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">\</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> --namespace default </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">\</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> --name my_function </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">\</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> --py my_function.py </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">\</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> --classname my_function.MyFunction </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">\</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> --custom-serde-inputs </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;{&quot;input-topic-1&quot;:&quot;Serde1&quot;,&quot;input-topic-2&quot;:&quot;Serde2&quot;}&#x27;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">\</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> --output-serde-classname Serde3 </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">\</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> --output output-topic-1</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>This case contains two input topics: <code>input-topic-1</code> and <code>input-topic-2</code>, each of which is mapped to a different SerDe class (the mapping must be specified as a JSON string). The output topic <code>output-topic-1</code> uses the <code>Serde3</code> class for SerDe.</p><div class="theme-admonition theme-admonition-note alert alert--secondary admonition_LlT9"><div class="admonitionHeading_tbUL"><span class="admonitionIcon_kALy"><svg viewBox="0 0 14 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.3 5.69a.942.942 0 0 1-.28-.7c0-.28.09-.52.28-.7.19-.18.42-.28.7-.28.28 0 .52.09.7.28.18.19.28.42.28.7 0 .28-.09.52-.28.7a1 1 0 0 1-.7.3c-.28 0-.52-.11-.7-.3zM8 7.99c-.02-.25-.11-.48-.31-.69-.2-.19-.42-.3-.69-.31H6c-.27.02-.48.13-.69.31-.2.2-.3.44-.31.69h1v3c.02.27.11.5.31.69.2.2.42.31.69.31h1c.27 0 .48-.11.69-.31.2-.19.3-.42.31-.69H8V7.98v.01zM7 2.3c-3.14 0-5.7 2.54-5.7 5.68 0 3.14 2.56 5.7 5.7 5.7s5.7-2.55 5.7-5.7c0-3.15-2.56-5.69-5.7-5.69v.01zM7 .98c3.86 0 7 3.14 7 7s-3.14 7-7 7-7-3.12-7-7 3.14-7 7-7z"></path></svg></span>note</div><div class="admonitionContent_S0QG"><p>All function-related logic, including processing and SerDe classes, must be contained within a single Python file.</p></div></div><p>The table outlines three SerDe options for Python functions.</p><table><thead><tr><th>SerDe option</th><th>Description</th><th>Use case</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>IdentitySerde</code> (default)</td><td>Use the <code>IdentitySerde</code>, which leaves the data unchanged. Creating or running a function without explicitly specifying SerDe means that this option is used.</td><td>When you work with simple types like strings, booleans, integers.</td></tr><tr><td><code>PickleSerDe</code></td><td>Use the <code>PickleSerDe</code>, which uses Python <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/pickle.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>pickle</code></a> for SerDe.</td><td>When you work with complex, application-specific types and are comfortable with the &quot;best-effort&quot; approach of <code>pickle</code>.</td></tr><tr><td><code>Custom SerDe</code></td><td>Create a custom SerDe class by implementing the baseline <code>SerDe</code> class, which has just two methods:<br><em> <code>serialize</code> for converting the object into bytes.<br></em> <code>deserialize</code> for converting bytes into an object of the required application-specific type.</td><td>When you require explicit control over SerDe, potentially for performance or data compatibility purposes.</td></tr></tbody></table><p>For example, imagine that you are writing a function that processes tweet objects. You can refer to the following example of the <code>Tweet</code> class in Python.</p><div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">class</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Tweet</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token builtin" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249)">object</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">__init__</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">self</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> username</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> tweet_content</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> self</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">username </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> username</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> self</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">tweet_content </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> tweet_content</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>To use this class in Pulsar Functions, you have two options:</p><ul><li>Specify <code>PickleSerDe</code>, which applies the <code>pickle</code> library for SerDe.</li><li>Create your own SerDe class. The following is an example.</li></ul><div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">from</span><span class="token plain"> pulsar </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">import</span><span class="token plain"> SerDe</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">class</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">TweetSerDe</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">SerDe</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">self</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249)">input</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249)">bytes</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;{0}|{1}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token builtin" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249)">format</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token builtin" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249)">input</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">username</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249)">input</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">tweet_content</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">deserialize</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">self</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> input_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> tweet_components </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249)">str</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">input_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">split</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;|&#x27;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">return</span><span class="token plain"> Tweet</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">tweet_components</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> tweet_componentsp</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>For more details, see <a href="https://github.com/apache/pulsar/blob/master/pulsar-functions/python-examples/custom_object_function.py" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">code example</a>.</p></div><footer class="theme-doc-footer docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="theme-doc-footer-edit-meta-row row"><div 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