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| <p>Ozone可以使用拓扑相关信息（例如机架位置）来优化读写管道。要获得完全的机架感知集群，Ozone需要三种不同的配置。</p> |
| <ol> |
| <li>拓扑信息应由 Ozone 配置。</li> |
| <li>当Ozone为特定管道/容器选择3个不同的数据节点时，拓扑相关信息就会被使用.(写入)</li> |
| <li>当Ozone读取一个Key时，它应该优先从最近的节点读取。</li> |
| </ol> |
| <div class="alert alert-warning" role="alert"> |
| <p>Ozone 对OPEN容器（写）使用 RAFT 复制，对CLOSED的、不可变的容器（冷数据）使用异步复制。由于RAFT需要低延迟的网络，因此只有CLOSED容器才能使用拓扑感知布置。有关OPEN与CLOSED容器的更多信息，请参阅<a href="../../zh/concept/containers.html">容器</a> 页面。</p> |
| </div> |
| <h2 id="拓扑层次结构">拓扑层次结构</h2> |
| <p>拓扑层次结构可使用 net.topology.node.switch.mapping.impl 配置键进行配置。此配置应定义 org.apache.hadoop.net.CachedDNSToSwitchMapping 的实现。由于这是一个 Hadoop 类，因此该配置与 Hadoop 配置完全相同。</p> |
| <h3 id="静态列表">静态列表</h3> |
| <p>静态列表可借助 <code>TableMapping</code> 进行配置：:</p> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-XML" data-lang="XML"><span style="color:#f92672"><property></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><name></span>net.topology.node.switch.mapping.impl<span style="color:#f92672"></name></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><value></span>org.apache.hadoop.net.TableMapping<span style="color:#f92672"></value></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"></property></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><property></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><name></span>net.topology.table.file.name<span style="color:#f92672"></name></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><value></span>/opt/hadoop/compose/ozone-topology/network-config<span style="color:#f92672"></value></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"></property></span> |
| </code></pre></div><p>第二个配置选项应指向一个文本文件。文件格式为两列文本文件，各列之间用空格隔开。第一列是 IP 地址，第二列指定地址映射的机架。如果找不到与集群中主机相对应的条目，则会使用 /default-rack。</p> |
| <h3 id="动态列表">动态列表</h3> |
| <p>机架信息可借助外部脚本识别：</p> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-XML" data-lang="XML"><span style="color:#f92672"><property></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><name></span>net.topology.node.switch.mapping.impl<span style="color:#f92672"></name></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><value></span>org.apache.hadoop.net.ScriptBasedMapping<span style="color:#f92672"></value></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"></property></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><property></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><name></span>net.topology.script.file.name<span style="color:#f92672"></name></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><value></span>/usr/local/bin/rack.sh<span style="color:#f92672"></value></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"></property></span> |
| </code></pre></div><p>如果使用外部脚本，则需要在配置文件中使用 net.topology.script.file.name 参数来指定。与 java 类不同，外部拓扑脚本不包含在 Ozone 发行版中，而是由管理员提供。Fork 拓扑脚本时，Ozone 会向 ARGV 发送多个 IP 地址。发送给拓扑脚本的 IP 地址数量由 net.topology.script.number.args 控制，默认为 100。如果将 net.topology.script.number.args 改为 1，则每个提交的 IP 地址都会Fork一个拓扑脚本。</p> |
| <h2 id="写入路径">写入路径</h2> |
| <p>CLOSED容器放置可以通过 <code>ozone.scm.container.placement.impl</code> 配置键进行配置。 可用的容器放置策略可在 <code>org.apache.hdds.scm.container.placement</code> 包中找到。<a href="https://github.com/apache/ozone/tree/master/hadoop-hdds/server-scm/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hdds/scm/container/placement/algorithms">包</a>.</p> |
| <p>默认情况下， CLOSED容器使用 <code>SCMContainerPlacementRandom</code> 放置策略，该策略不支持拓扑感知。为了启用拓扑感知，可配置 <code>SCMContainerPlacementRackAware</code> 作为CLOSED容器放置策略：</p> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-XML" data-lang="XML"><span style="color:#f92672"><property></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><name></span>ozone.scm.container.placement.impl<span style="color:#f92672"></name></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><value></span>org.apache.hadoop.hdds.scm.container.placement.algorithms.SCMContainerPlacementRackAware<span style="color:#f92672"></value></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"></property></span> |
| </code></pre></div><p>这种放置策略符合 HDFS 中使用的算法。在默认的 3 个副本中，两个副本位于同一个机架上，第三个副本位于不同的机架上。</p> |
| <p>这种实现方式适用于"/机架/节点 “这样的网络拓扑结构。如果网络拓扑结构的层数较多，则不建议使用此方法。</p> |
| <h2 id="读取路径">读取路径</h2> |
| <p>最后，读取路径也应配置为从最近的 pipeline 读取数据。</p> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-XML" data-lang="XML"><span style="color:#f92672"><property></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><name></span>ozone.network.topology.aware.read<span style="color:#f92672"></name></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><value></span>true<span style="color:#f92672"></value></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"></property></span> |
| </code></pre></div><h2 id="参考文献">参考文献</h2> |
| <ul> |
| <li>关于 <code>net.topology.node.switch.mapping.impl</code> 的 Hadoop 文档： <a href="https://hadoop.apache.org/docs/current/hadoop-project-dist/hadoop-common/RackAwareness.html">https://hadoop.apache.org/docs/current/hadoop-project-dist/hadoop-common/RackAwareness.html</a></li> |
| <li><a href="../../design/topology.html">设计文档</a></li> |
| </ul> |
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