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| <h1>SCM High Availability</h1> |
| |
| <!--- |
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| <p>Ozone has two metadata-manager nodes (<em>Ozone Manager</em> for key space management and <em>Storage Container Management</em> for block space management) and multiple storage nodes (Datanode). Data is replicated between Datanodes with the help of RAFT consensus algorithm.</p> |
| <p>To avoid any single point of failure the metadata-manager nodes also should have a HA setup.</p> |
| <p>Both Ozone Manager and Storage Container Manager supports HA. In this mode the internal state is replicated via RAFT (with Apache Ratis)</p> |
| <p>This document explains the HA setup of Storage Container Manager (SCM), please check <a href="../feature/om-ha.html">this page</a> for HA setup of Ozone Manager (OM). While they can be setup for HA independently, a reliable, full HA setup requires enabling HA for both services.</p> |
| <h2 id="configuration">Configuration</h2> |
| <p>HA mode of Storage Container Manager can be enabled with the following settings in <code>ozone-site.xml</code>:</p> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-XML" data-lang="XML"><span style="color:#f92672"><property></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><name></span>ozone.scm.ratis.enable<span style="color:#f92672"></name></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><value></span>true<span style="color:#f92672"></value></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"></property></span> |
| </code></pre></div><p>One Ozone configuration (<code>ozone-site.xml</code>) can support multiple SCM HA node set, multiple Ozone clusters. To select between the available SCM nodes a logical name is required for each of the clusters which can be resolved to the IP addresses (and domain names) of the Storage Container Managers.</p> |
| <p>This logical name is called <code>serviceId</code> and can be configured in the <code>ozone-site.xml</code></p> |
| <p>Most of the time you need to set only the values of your current cluster:</p> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-XML" data-lang="XML"><span style="color:#f92672"><property></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><name></span>ozone.scm.service.ids<span style="color:#f92672"></name></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><value></span>cluster1<span style="color:#f92672"></value></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"></property></span> |
| </code></pre></div><p>For each of the defined <code>serviceId</code> a logical configuration name should be defined for each of the servers</p> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-XML" data-lang="XML"><span style="color:#f92672"><property></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><name></span>ozone.scm.nodes.cluster1<span style="color:#f92672"></name></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><value></span>scm1,scm2,scm3<span style="color:#f92672"></value></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"></property></span> |
| </code></pre></div><p>The defined prefixes can be used to define the address of each of the SCM services:</p> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-XML" data-lang="XML"><span style="color:#f92672"><property></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><name></span>ozone.scm.address.cluster1.scm1<span style="color:#f92672"></name></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><value></span>host1<span style="color:#f92672"></value></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"></property></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><property></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><name></span>ozone.scm.address.cluster1.scm2<span style="color:#f92672"></name></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><value></span>host2<span style="color:#f92672"></value></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"></property></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><property></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><name></span>ozone.scm.address.cluster1.scm3<span style="color:#f92672"></name></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><value></span>host3<span style="color:#f92672"></value></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"></property></span> |
| </code></pre></div><p>For reliable HA support choose 3 independent nodes to form a quorum.</p> |
| <h2 id="bootstrap">Bootstrap</h2> |
| <p>The initialization of the <strong>first</strong> SCM-HA node is the same as a non-HA SCM:</p> |
| <pre><code>ozone scm --init |
| </code></pre><p>Second and third nodes should be <em>bootstrapped</em> instead of init. These clusters will join to the configured RAFT quorum. The id of the current server is identified by DNS name or can be set explicitly by <code>ozone.scm.node.id</code>. Most of the time you don’t need to set it as DNS based id detection can work well.</p> |
| <pre><code>ozone scm --bootstrap |
| </code></pre><p>Note: both commands perform one-time initialization. SCM still needs to be started by running <code>ozone scm --daemon start</code>.</p> |
| <h2 id="auto-bootstrap">Auto-bootstrap</h2> |
| <p>In some environments (e.g. Kubernetes) we need to have a common, unified way to initialize SCM HA quorum. As a reminder, the standard initialization flow is the following:</p> |
| <ol> |
| <li>On the first, “primordial” node: <code>ozone scm --init</code></li> |
| <li>On second/third nodes: <code>ozone scm --bootstrap</code></li> |
| </ol> |
| <p>This can be improved: primordial SCM can be configured by setting <code>ozone.scm.primordial.node.id</code> in the config to one of the nodes.</p> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-XML" data-lang="XML"><span style="color:#f92672"><property></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><name></span>ozone.scm.primordial.node.id<span style="color:#f92672"></name></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><value></span>scm1<span style="color:#f92672"></value></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"></property></span> |
| </code></pre></div><p>With this configuration both <code>scm --init</code> and <code>scm --bootstrap</code> can be safely executed on <strong>all</strong> SCM nodes. Each node will only perform the action applicable to it based on the <code>ozone.scm.primordial.node.id</code> and its own node ID.</p> |
| <p>Note: SCM still needs to be started after the init/bootstrap process.</p> |
| <pre><code>ozone scm --init |
| ozone scm --bootstrap |
| ozone scm --daemon start |
| </code></pre><p>For Docker/Kubernetes, use <code>ozone scm</code> to start it in the foreground.</p> |
| <h2 id="scm-ha-security">SCM HA Security</h2> |
| <p> |
| |
| <img src="scm-secure-ha.png" alt='SCM Secure HA' class="img-responsive" /></p> |
| <p>In a secure SCM HA cluster on the SCM where we perform init, we call this SCM as a primordial SCM. |
| Primordial SCM starts root-CA with self-signed certificates and is used to issue a signed certificate |
| to itself and other bootstrapped SCM’s. Only primordial SCM can issue signed certificates for other SCM’s. |
| So, primordial SCM has a special role in the SCM HA cluster, as it is the only one that can issue certificates to SCM’s.</p> |
| <p>The primordial SCM takes a root-CA role, which signs all SCM instances with a sub-CA certificate. |
| The sub-CA certificates are used by SCM to sign certificates for OM/Datanodes.</p> |
| <p>When bootstrapping a SCM, it gets a signed certificate from the primary SCM and starts sub-CA.</p> |
| <p>Sub-CA on the SCM’s are used to issue signed certificates for OM/DN in the cluster. Only the leader SCM issues a certificate to OM/DN.</p> |
| <h3 id="how-to-enable-security">How to enable security:</h3> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-XML" data-lang="XML"><span style="color:#f92672"><property></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><config></span>ozone.security.enable<span style="color:#f92672"></config></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><value></span>true<span style="color:#f92672"></value></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"></property></span> |
| |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><property></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><config></span>hdds.grpc.tls.enabled<span style="color:#f92672"></config></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><value></span>true<span style="color:#f92672"></value></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"></property></span> |
| </code></pre></div><p>Above configs are needed in addition to normal SCM HA configuration.</p> |
| <h3 id="primordial-scm">Primordial SCM:</h3> |
| <p>Primordial SCM is determined from the config ozone.scm.primordial.node.id. |
| The value for this can be node id or hostname of the SCM. If the config is |
| not defined, the node where init is run is considered as the primordial SCM.</p> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">bin/ozone scm --init</code></pre></div> |
| <p>This will set up a public,private key pair and self-signed certificate for root CA |
| and also generate public, private key pair and CSR to get a signed certificate for sub-CA from root CA.</p> |
| <h3 id="bootstrap-scm">Bootstrap SCM:</h3> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">bin/ozone scm --bootstrap</code></pre></div> |
| <p>This will set up a public, private key pair for sub CA and generate CSR to get a |
| signed certificate for sub-CA from root CA.</p> |
| <p><strong>Note</strong>: Make sure to run <strong>–init</strong> only on one of the SCM host if |
| primordial SCM is not defined. Bring up other SCM’s using <strong>–bootstrap</strong>.</p> |
| <h3 id="current-scm-ha-security-limitation">Current SCM HA Security limitation:</h3> |
| <ol> |
| <li>When primordial SCM is down, new SCM’s cannot be bootstrapped and join the |
| quorum.</li> |
| <li>Secure cluster upgrade to ratis-enable secure cluster is not supported.</li> |
| </ol> |
| <h2 id="implementation-details">Implementation details</h2> |
| <p>SCM HA uses Apache Ratis to replicate state between the members of the SCM HA quorum. Each node maintains the block management metadata in local RocksDB.</p> |
| <p>This replication process is a simpler version of OM HA replication process as it doesn’t use any double buffer (as the overall db thourghput of SCM requests are lower)</p> |
| <p>Datanodes are sending all the reports (Container reports, Pipeline reports…) to <em>all</em> the Datanodes parallel. Only the leader node can assign/create new containers, and only the leader node sends command back to the Datanodes.</p> |
| <h2 id="verify-scm-ha-setup">Verify SCM HA setup</h2> |
| <p>After starting an SCM-HA it can be validated if the SCM nodes are forming one single quorum instead of 3 individual SCM nodes.</p> |
| <p>First, check if all the SCM nodes store the same ClusterId metadata:</p> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">cat /data/metadata/scm/current/VERSION |
| </code></pre></div><p>ClusterId is included in the VERSION file and should be the same in all the SCM nodes:</p> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#75715e">#Tue Mar 16 10:19:33 UTC 2021</span> |
| cTime<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">1615889973116</span> |
| clusterID<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>CID-130fb246-1717-4313-9b62-9ddfe1bcb2e7 |
| nodeType<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>SCM |
| scmUuid<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>e6877ce5-56cd-4f0b-ad60-4c8ef9000882 |
| layoutVersion<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> |
| </code></pre></div><p>You can also create data and double check with <code>ozone debug</code> tool if all the container metadata is replicated.</p> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">bin/ozone freon randomkeys --numOfVolumes<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">1</span> --numOfBuckets<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">1</span> --numOfKeys<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">10000</span> --keySize<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">524288</span> --replicationType<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>RATIS --numOfThreads<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">8</span> --factor<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>THREE --bufferSize<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">1048576</span> |
| |
| |
| <span style="color:#75715e"># use debug ldb to check scm.db on all the machines</span> |
| bin/ozone debug ldb --db<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>/tmp/metadata/scm.db ls |
| |
| |
| bin/ozone debug ldb --db<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>/tmp/metadata/scm.db scan --column-family<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>containers |
| </code></pre></div><h2 id="migrating-from-existing-scm">Migrating from existing SCM</h2> |
| <p>SCM HA can be turned on on any Ozone cluster. First enable Ratis (<code>ozone.scm.ratis.enable</code>) and configure only one node for the Ratis ring (<code>ozone.scm.nodes.serviceId</code> should have one element).</p> |
| <p>Start the cluster and test if it works well.</p> |
| <p>If everything is fine, you can extend the cluster configuration with multiple nodes, restart SCM node, and initialize the additional nodes with <code>scm --bootstrap</code> command.</p> |
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