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| <h1>Ozone 文件系统</h1> |
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| <!--- |
| Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more |
| contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with |
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| <p>Hadoop 的文件系统接口兼容可以让任意像 Ozone 这样的存储后端轻松地整合进 Hadoop 生态系统，Ozone 文件系统就是一个兼容 Hadoop 的文件系统。 |
| 目前ozone支持两种协议: o3fs和ofs。两者最大的区别是o3fs只支持在单个bucket上操作，而ofs则支持跨所有volume和bucket的操作。关于两者在操作上的具体区别请参考<a href="../../interface/ofs.html">OFS(英文页面)</a>中的"Differences from o3fs"。</p> |
| <h2 id="o3fs的配置及使用">o3fs的配置及使用</h2> |
| <p>要创建一个 ozone 文件系统，我们需要先为它选择一个用来存放数据的桶，这个桶会被用作 Ozone 文件系统的后端存储，所有的文件和目录都存储为这个桶中的键。</p> |
| <p>如果你还没有可用的卷和桶的话，请使用下面的命令创建：</p> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">ozone sh volume create /volume |
| ozone sh bucket create /volume/bucket</code></pre></div> |
| <p>创建之后，请使用 <em>list volume</em> 或 <em>list bucket</em> 命令来确认桶已存在。</p> |
| <p>请在 core-site.xml 中添加以下条目：</p> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-xml" data-lang="xml"><span style="color:#f92672"><property></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><name></span>fs.AbstractFileSystem.o3fs.impl<span style="color:#f92672"></name></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><value></span>org.apache.hadoop.fs.ozone.OzFs<span style="color:#f92672"></value></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"></property></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><property></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><name></span>fs.defaultFS<span style="color:#f92672"></name></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><value></span>o3fs://bucket.volume<span style="color:#f92672"></value></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"></property></span></code></pre></div> |
| <p>这样会使指定的桶成为 HDFS 的 dfs 命令的默认文件系统，并且将其注册为了 o3fs 文件系统类型。</p> |
| <p>你还需要将 ozone-filesystem.jar 文件加入 classpath：</p> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">export HADOOP_CLASSPATH<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>/opt/ozone/share/ozonefs/lib/hadoop-ozone-filesystem-hadoop3-*.jar:$HADOOP_CLASSPATH</code></pre></div> |
| <p>(注意：当使用Hadoop 2.x时，应该在classpath上添加hadoop-ozone-filesystem-hadoop2-*.jar)</p> |
| <p>当配置了默认的文件系统之后，用户可以运行 ls、put、mkdir 等命令，比如：</p> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">hdfs dfs -ls /</code></pre></div> |
| <p>或</p> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">hdfs dfs -mkdir /users</code></pre></div> |
| <p>或者 put 命令。换句话说，所有像 Hive、Spark 和 Distcp 的程序都会在这个文件系统上工作。 |
| 请注意，在这个桶里使用 Ozone 文件系统以外的方法来进行键的创建和删除时，最终都会体现为 Ozone 文件系统中的目录和文件的创建和删除。</p> |
| <p>注意：桶名和卷名不可以包含句点。 |
| 此外，文件系统的 URI 可以由桶名和卷名后跟着 OM 主机的 FQDN 和一个可选的端口组成，比如，你可以同时指定主机和端口：</p> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">hdfs dfs -ls o3fs://bucket.volume.om-host.example.com:5678/key</code></pre></div> |
| <p>如果 URI 未指定端口，将会尝试从 <code>ozone.om.address</code> 配置中获取端口，如果 <code>ozone.om.address</code> 未配置，则使用默认端口 <code>9862</code>，比如，我们在 <code>ozone-site.xml</code> 中配置 <code>ozone.om.address</code> 如下：</p> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-xml" data-lang="xml"> <span style="color:#f92672"><property></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><name></span>ozone.om.address<span style="color:#f92672"></name></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><value></span>0.0.0.0:6789<span style="color:#f92672"></value></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"></property></span></code></pre></div> |
| <p>当我们运行下面的命令：</p> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">hdfs dfs -ls o3fs://bucket.volume.om-host.example.com/key</code></pre></div> |
| <p>它其实等价于：</p> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">hdfs dfs -ls o3fs://bucket.volume.om-host.example.com:6789/key</code></pre></div> |
| <p>注意：在这种情况下，<code>ozone.om.address</code> 配置中只有端口号会被用到，主机名是被忽略的。</p> |
| <h2 id="ofs的配置及使用">ofs的配置及使用</h2> |
| <p>这只是一个通用的介绍。了解更详细的用法，请参考<a href="../../interface/ofs.html">OFS(英文页面)</a>。</p> |
| <p>请在 core-site.xml 中添加以下条目：</p> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-xml" data-lang="xml"><span style="color:#f92672"><property></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><name></span>fs.ofs.impl<span style="color:#f92672"></name></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><value></span>org.apache.hadoop.fs.ozone.RootedOzoneFileSystem<span style="color:#f92672"></value></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"></property></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><property></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><name></span>fs.defaultFS<span style="color:#f92672"></name></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"><value></span>ofs://om-host.example.com/<span style="color:#f92672"></value></span> |
| <span style="color:#f92672"></property></span></code></pre></div> |
| <p>这样会使该om的所有桶和卷成为 HDFS 的 dfs 命令的默认文件系统，并且将其注册为了 ofs 文件系统类型。</p> |
| <p>你还需要将 ozone-filesystem.jar 文件加入 classpath：</p> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">export HADOOP_CLASSPATH<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>/opt/ozone/share/ozonefs/lib/hadoop-ozone-filesystem-hadoop3-*.jar:$HADOOP_CLASSPATH</code></pre></div> |
| <p>(注意：当使用Hadoop 2.x时，应该在classpath上添加hadoop-ozone-filesystem-hadoop2-*.jar)</p> |
| <p>当配置了默认的文件系统之后，用户可以运行 ls、put、mkdir 等命令，比如：</p> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">hdfs dfs -ls /</code></pre></div> |
| <p>需要注意的是ofs能够作用于所有的桶和卷之上，用户可以使用mkdir自行创建桶和卷，比如创建卷volume1和桶bucket1。</p> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">hdfs dfs -mkdir /volume1 |
| hdfs dfs -mkdir /volume1/bucket1</code></pre></div> |
| <p>或者用 put 命令向对应的桶写入文件。</p> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">hdfs dfs -put /etc/hosts /volume1/bucket1/test</code></pre></div> |
| <p>更多用法可以参考: <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/secure/attachment/12987636/Design%20ofs%20v1.pdf">https://issues.apache.org/jira/secure/attachment/12987636/Design%20ofs%20v1.pdf</a></p> |
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