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 <H2 ALIGN=CENTER STYLE="margin-top: 0in">How to Carry out Simple
 Calculations</H2>
 <H2 ALIGN=CENTER STYLE="margin-top: 0in">and</H2>
 <H2 ALIGN=CENTER STYLE="margin-top: 0in">Format Cells and Sheets in a
 Folder.</H2>
 <H2 ALIGN=CENTER STYLE="margin-top: 0in">&nbsp;</H2>
 <H5 ALIGN=CENTER STYLE="margin-top: 0in"><I>provided by</I></H5>
 <H5 ALIGN=CENTER STYLE="margin-top: 0in"><I>the OpenOffice.org
 Documentation Project</I></H5>
 <H2 ALIGN=CENTER STYLE="margin-top: 0in">&nbsp;</H2>
 <P><B>Table of contents :</B>
 </P>
 <OL>
 	<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><A HREF="#1">A quick introduction</A>.
 	Introduction to the tools available in the Calc environment
 	</P>
 	<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><A HREF="#2">Initial Calculations</A>.
 		</P>
 	<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><A HREF="#3">Personalized
 	Formatting</A>
 	</P>
 	<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><A HREF="#4">Printing your work</A>
 		</P>
 	<LI><P><A HREF="#5">Credits</A>
 	</P>
 </OL>
 <H3 STYLE="margin-top: 0in"><A NAME="1"></A>1. A quick introduction.
 Introduction to the tools available in the Calc environment.
 </H3>
 <P>Before you start doing those highly advanced calculations that you
 will no doubt be spinning off in no time, let's take a brief look at
 your work surroundings to familiarize yourself with the tools that
 have been made available.
 </P>
 <P><IMG SRC="image1.jpg" NAME="Image1" ALIGN=MIDDLE WIDTH=628 HEIGHT=471 BORDER=0><BR>&nbsp;
 <BR>&nbsp; <BR>&nbsp;
 </P>
 <P>Just below the title bar (the one with the butterfly) you will see
 four command toolbars :
 </P>
 <UL>
 	<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">A <B>Menu toolbar</B>
 	</P>
 	<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">A <B>Function toolbar</B>
 	</P>
 	<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">An <B>Object toolbar</B>
 	</P>
 	<LI><P>A <B>Calculation toolbar</B>
 	</P>
 </UL>
 <P>The <B>Menu toolbar</B> contains the main menus of the Calc
 module. The <B>Function toolbar</B> provides user access to function
 icons such as <B>Open, Save, Copy, Cut, Paste</B> and other common
 tasks in OpenOffice.org. The <B>Object toolbar </B>comprises a set of
 tools that are specific to calculation and cell formatting (number
 format, text alignment, borders). Finally, the <B>Calculation toolbar</B>
 is intended for the entry of formulae necessary for your
 calculations, and also shows you the position of the cursor within
 the spreadsheet.</P>
 <P>&nbsp;</P>
 <P><I><B>NB</B> : Some people believe that these toolbars can not be
 changed, but this is not actually true. It is in fact possible to
 modify the icons and the associated functions according to your needs
 by clicking on the right mouse button of the main toolbar or the
 Object toolbar. A context-sensitive menu will then appear. Next,
 choose `<B>Configure</B>' or `<B>Customize</B>' in order to change
 the contents of the toolbar. You can also select `<B>Visible Buttons</B>'
 and add or remove the buttons of your choice. You can also add an
 extra toolbar from the same context-sensitive menu, called <B>Options
 toolbar </B>which , by default, is not shown. This bar contains
 several additional buttons that are in fact useful positioning or
 modification tools.</I></P>
 <P>&nbsp;</P>
 <P ALIGN=LEFT><IMG SRC="Image3.jpg" NAME="Image2" ALIGN=RIGHT WIDTH=30 HEIGHT=394 BORDER=0>On
 the left of the screen, you will notice the <B>Instrument toolbar
 </B>(shown here on the right). This toolbar provides the tools that
 you will need to work with your spreadsheet. The basic functions of
 the toolbar are explained in this `How-to'. At the bottom of the
 screen, you will notice the <B>Status Bar</B>. This bar provides
 essential information such as the sheet that you're currently working
 on, the page style, and in normal mode, the sum of the cell in which
 the cursor is situated.</P>
 <P ALIGN=LEFT>&nbsp;</P>
 <P><I><B>NB :</B> A right mouse button click in the box where Sum is
 written will give you access to a context-sensitive menu that
 proposes other choices, such as mean, maximum, minimum...</I></P>
 <P>You will also notice that the folder you have just opened contains
 three worksheets by default, indicated by the presence of three small
 tabs above the Status Bar and bearing the names : Sheet1, Sheet2,
 Sheet3.</P>
 <P>The spreadsheet is represented as a grid comprising cells, with
 each cell bearing a unique reference. A cell is referenced by its
 column (vertical reference), given here as a letter (e.g. A...Z
 etc.), and its line (horizontal reference), given here as a number
 (e.g. 1...65000 etc.), These references appear as grey column and
 line headers on the spreadsheet. Thus, the first cell in the first
 line (the one at the uppermost left hand corner) bears the reference
 A1.</P>
 <H3 STYLE="margin-top: 0in"><A NAME="2"></A><B>2. Initial
 Calculations</B></H3>
 <P>If you 've jumped to this section without having read the
 preceding paragraphs, it might be a good idea to go back and read
 them now anyway, since the terms that will be used here were
 introduced previously. However, if you too impatient, tired, excited
 or even bored to do that , read on and we'll take a look at how to
 carry out additions with Calc !</P>
 <P>As mentioned above, the boxes that you see formed by the grid are
 called cells. You can enter text, numbers or formulae in these cells.
 Of course, the whole &quot;raison d'etre&quot; of a spreadsheet
 application is to be able to carry out calculations within these
 cells.
 </P>
 <P>Anyway, enough of the waffle, let's go and try our first
 calculation ! :
 </P>
 <OL>
 	<P>In the cell A1 type (without the quotes) &quot;=3&quot;
 	</P>
 	<P>Then press `<B>Enter</B>' on your keyboard
 	</P>
 	<P>And you should see &quot;3&quot; appear in the cell, since the
 	result of the calculation appears automatically.
 	</P>
 </OL>
 <P>Your cursor should now be in the cell immediately below the cell
 A1, but if you click once more in cell A1, you will see the
 mathematical operation that you have just entered shown in the
 <B>Calculation toolbar</B> .</P>
 <P>Let's carry on : now type 6 in cell A2 and we'll request the
 result of the addition of cell A1 to cell A2 and have the result
 displayed in cell A3. Here's how it's done :</P>
 <OL>
 	<P>Place the cursor in cell A2, and type 6
 	</P>
 	<P>Confirm this data entry by pressing the button '<B>Enter</B>',
 	and your cursor will move to cell A3
 	</P>
 	<P>Type (without quotes) &quot;=A1+A2&quot;
 	</P>
 	<P>Confirm with `<B>Enter</B>', and you will see the result
 	displayed as &quot;11&quot; in cell A3
 	</P>
 </OL>
 <P>This last calculation was carried out using the cell references
 and not discreet values.</P>
 <P>Let's go ever onward, and try adding up a whole column of cells,
 i.e. a range. Click on Sheet2 to get a clear sheet.</P>
 <OL>
 	<P>Type in some numbers in cells A1 to A9
 	</P>
 	<P>Confirm with `<B>Enter</B>', and the cursor will move to cell A10
 		</P>
 	<P>Type (without quotes) &quot;=sum(A1:A9)&quot;
 	</P>
 	<P>Confirm with `<B>Enter</B>', and you will view see the result of
 	the addition displayed in cell A10, and the formula will be visible
 	in the Calculation bar.</P>
 </OL>
 <P>By typing the colon [ : ] between the cell references, you have
 told the software that you want to add up the values in the range of
 cells from A1 to A9. The range is indicated on the screen by a red
 border.</P>
 <P>By typing `sum ()', you are telling the software the type of
 mathematical operation that you want to carry out on the referenced
 cells that are between parentheses.</P>
 <P><B><I>NB</I></B> : <I>You'll probably have noticed when you
 started to type `<B>sum</B>', that Calc suggested the completion of
 the formula. This is the <B>Autocomplete </B>function, with which it
 suffices to press `<B>Enter</B>' if you agree with the suggestion
 made by StarOffice, and your cursor will be positioned automatically
 between the parentheses so that all you have to do is enter the
 ranges.</I></P>
 <P>Right, let's do it again, only this time we'll replace the colon
 by a semi-colon (;) between A1 and A9. You'll notice that the result
 is completely different. In this case, you have only added up the
 contents of cell A1 to those of cell A9 and not the range. Thus, in
 order to add two ranges of cells, you would type &quot;=sum(A1:A9;B1:B9)&quot;.</P>
 <P>You can also select the ranges to be added together using the
 mouse. After having typed &quot;= sum(&quot; into the target cell,
 click on the first cell and whilst holding the mouse button down,
 drag the mouse to the last cell of the range, and then let go of the
 mouse button, and you will see the end of the formula inserted in
 automatically into the Formula bar.</P>
 <P><I><B>NB</B> : If the number that is displayed is too big to be
 displayed completely in the cell, it will be replaced by a series of
 musical flat symbols (<B>###</B>). In order to adjust the size of the
 cell, all you have to do is click on the right-hand column separator
 of any given column and drag the separator rightwards (to broaden) or
 leftwards (to narrow). The same function can be reached through the
 command <B>Format - Column - Optimal width</B>.</I></P>
 <P><U>About references</U></P>
 <P>It is important to grasp the basics of references when you want to
 carry out calculations on cells containing formulae.</P>
 <P STYLE="text-decoration: none">A relative reference is a range
 whose references are adjusted when the formula is moved : <BR>e.g.. :
 if you copy the formula &quot;=sum(A1:A9)&quot; to column B, it will
 become &quot;=sum(B1:B9)&quot;
 </P>
 <P STYLE="text-decoration: none">An absolute reference is used when a
 calculation has to refer to a precise cell of the spreadsheet. This
 is written for example $A$1 to designate the absolute reference for
 column A and line 1. Thus $A1 is used as the absolute reference to
 column A and A$1 for the absolute reference to line 1.
 </P>
 <P STYLE="text-decoration: none">Now that we've finished learning
 about simple calculations, let's exercise our brains (and fingers)
 with some subtractions,&nbsp; multiplications and divisions !
 </P>
 <H3 STYLE="margin-top: 0in"><A NAME="3"></A>3. Personalized
 formatting
 </H3>
 <P>Your spreadsheet contains three sheets, Sheet1,2,3. We'll give
 each sheet a name (after all, it does make it easier to remember them
 !). Right-mouse button click on the tab of Sheet1, and a
 context-sensitive menu will appear offering you to `<B>Rename</B>'
 Click on this option. In the following window, enter the name you
 wish your sheet to have and click on `<B>OK</B>', the sheet will then
 display the new name in the tab.
 </P>
 <P>You'll also have noticed that this context-sensitive menu offers
 you the choice&nbsp; of inserting or deleting the sheet as well as
 moving or copying it. Each time, a windowed dialog box will allow you
 to specify your precise choice.
 </P>
 <P>Let's do some work on cell formatting. Suppose you want to enter
 the title of your spreadsheet over several sheets, do as follows :
 </P>
 <UL>
 	<P>Select all the sheets in which the title is to appear. Then with
 	the mouse, click on the first cell and drag the mouse to the last
 	cell of the title .
 	</P>
 	<P>In the menu toolbar, select : <B>Format - Merge Cells- Define</B>
 		</P>
 </UL>
 <P>More often than not, you will want to centre the title over the
 selected cells. In order to do so :</P>
 <UL>
 	<P>Select the title cell
 	</P>
 	<P>In the menu toolbar, select: <B>Format - Cells</B>
 	</P>
 	<P>In the dialog box that appears, select the tab&nbsp; `<B>Alignment</B>'
 		</P>
 	<P>Click on the button `<B>Center</B>'
 	</P>
 	<P>You can also select&nbsp; other options in this dialog box if you
 	wish
 	</P>
 	<P>Click on `<B>OK</B>'
 	</P>
 </UL>
 <P>If you want to set a fine border around&nbsp; your table, select
 the cells, and from the menu toolbar&nbsp; choose <B>Format - Cells</B>
 and click on the tab&nbsp; `<B>Borders</B>'. Choose the thickness of
 the border that suits you as well as the border that you wish and
 click on `<B>OK</B>'.</P>
 <P>You will notice that the dialog box `<B>Cell Attributes</B>'
 comprises a certain number of tabbed pages relating to cell
 formatting (<B>Fonts, Font Effects, Alignment</B>). You can also
 reach these tabbed pages by right-mouse button clicking on a cell and
 selecting&nbsp; `<B>Format cells'</B>. And of course, the function
 toolbar also contains some of these formatting functions.</P>
 <P><IMG SRC="Image2.jpg" NAME="Image3" ALIGN=RIGHT WIDTH=84 HEIGHT=26 BORDER=0>Let's
 look at the last three icons of the function toolbar. These three
 icons allow you to position text at the top, middle and bottom of a
 cell respectively. Very handy !</P>
 <P>One last thing, in order to make our cells containing text to
 stand out on the sheet from those containing&nbsp; numbers and
 formulae, you can use the&nbsp; `<B>Value Highlighting</B>' :</P>
 <UL>
 	<P>From the menu toolbar, choose <B>View - Value Highlighting</B>,
 	</P>
 	<P>You will note that all of the text is displayed in black, all of
 	the numbers in blue and all of the formulae in green.
 	</P>
 </UL>
 <P><I><B>NB :</B> In order to directly format your cell as one
 containing text, enter an apostrophe ( ` )&nbsp; into the cell before
 typing your word , e.g. : `Price</I></P>
 <P>&nbsp;</P>
 <P>At last , our sheet is starting to take shape !</P>
 <P>Let's look at the page settings now. Perhaps you find it easier to
 work with landscape style pages, so do as follows :</P>
 <OL>
 	<P>From the menu toolbar, choose <B>Format - Page</B>
 	</P>
 	<P>Click on the tab `<B>Page'</B>
 	</P>
 	<P>At the section 'Orientation', click on the radio button
 	`<B>Landscape'</B>
 	</P>
 	<P>Confirm with `<B>OK'</B>
 	</P>
 </OL>
 <P>In order to check that your sheet has indeed been saved in the
 landscape format, click on&nbsp; <B>File - Preview</B> in the menu
 toolbar.</P>
 <P>Staying now with the page dialog box for a while, you can add a
 header, footer, and of course page numbers.</P>
 <P>Let's look at this aspect more closely :</P>
 <OL>
 	<P>From the menu toolbar, choose <B>Format - Page</B>
 	</P>
 	<P>Click on the tab `<B>Footer</B>'
 	</P>
 	<P>In the window that appears, click on the bow that says&nbsp;
 	`<B>Footer on</B>'
 	</P>
 	<P>The button `<B>Options</B>' allows you to add a border or
 	background to the footer
 	</P>
 	<P>Click on the button&nbsp; `<B>Edit</B>'
 	</P>
 	<P>In the window that appears, you will see three smaller windows
 	and a series of icons. The smaller windows correspond to tabulation
 	marks inserted into the footer and the icons to field instructions.
 	The one that we're interested in has a musical flat sign (<B>#</B>)
 	on it .
 	</P>
 	<P>Place your cursor onto the small window that you wish to use
 	</P>
 	<P>Click on the icon `<B>Page</B>' (illustrated by a single #), you
 	will see the page number written into the selected window
 	</P>
 	<P>Click on `<B>OK</B>' to return to the `<B>Page Style</B>' window.
 		</P>
 	<P>Click on `<B>OK</B>' to close this window.
 	</P>
 </OL>
 <P><I><B>NB :</B> You can of course insert any text that you want
 into the header or the footer, and in the same way, your company or
 group logo.</I></P>
 <H3 STYLE="margin-top: 0in"><A NAME="4"></A><B>4. Printing your work</B></H3>
 <P>It may be that you only want to print part of your spreadsheet, or
 even only one sheet, or on the other hand, maybe the whole
 workfolder.</P>
 <P>In order to print just an area of your sheet proceed as follows :</P>
 <UL>
 	<P>Select the zone you wish to print with the mouse or the keyboard
 	</P>
 	<P>Choose <B>Format - Print ranges... </B>from&nbsp; the menu
 	toolbar.
 	</P>
 	<P>Click on `<B>Define</B>'
 	</P>
 	<P>You will see the selected print range appear on the sheet as two
 	slightly darkened grey lines. You can check that you've selected the
 	correct area by looking at the preview of the range to be printed.
 	</P>
 </UL>
 <P><I><B>NB :</B> In the drop-down menu under <B>Format - Print
 ranges</B>, you can also add other ranges of your document to be
 printed. Select the range and click on Add. This second print range
 will be printed on a second page (even though it forms part of the
 same sheet screen).</I></P>
 <P>In order to print a single sheet from your workfolder:</P>
 <UL>
 	<P>click on <B>File - Print </B>from the menu toolbar
 	</P>
 	<P>In the dialog box that appears, under `<B>Print Range</B>' click
 	on the radio button `Pages' and enter the page number that you wish
 	to print out.
 	</P>
 	<P>Click on `<B>OK</B>' to start printing
 	</P>
 </UL>
 <P>In the same Print range field of the dialog box, you could also
 have indicated for example (2,3) to print page 2 and page 3 or even
 (2-5) to print from page 2 to page 5 .</P>
 <P>A quicker way is to select the sheets to be printed&nbsp; and then
 to click on the print icon in the function bar. To do this :</P>
 <UL>
 	<P>Click on the sheet tab at the bottom of the sheet and select the
 	ones you wish to print by holding down the <B>CTRL</B> key on your
 	keyboard. In this way, you do a multiple selection of the sheets
 	</P>
 	<P>Click on the icon&nbsp; `<B>Quick printing</B>' in the function
 	toolbar. Off it goes !
 	</P>
 	<P>To undo your selection, click once more on the sheet tab and hold
 	the <B>CTRL</B> key down.</P>
 </UL>
 <P>In order to print only certain columns or lines from your sheet :</P>
 <UL>
 	<P>Select the lines or columns to print
 	</P>
 	<P>Select `<B>File - Print</B>' from the menu toolbar
 	</P>
 	<P>In the dialog box that appears, click on the box `<B>Selection</B>'
 	in `Print range'
 	</P>
 	<P>Click on `<B>OK</B>'
 	</P>
 </UL>
 <H3 STYLE="margin-top: 0in"><A NAME="5"></A><B>5. Credits</B></H3>
 <P><B>Author</B> : Sophie Gautier</P>
 <P><B>Thanks to</B> : Alexander Thurgood for his precious help</P>
 <P><B>Intgr by</B> : Gianluca Turconi</P>
 <P><B>Last modified</B> : January 16, 2002</P>
 <P><B>Contacts</B> : OpenOffice.org Documentation Project
 <A HREF="http://documentation.openoffice.org/index.html">http://documentation.openoffice.org/index.html</A></P>
 <P><B>Translation</B> : Alexander Thurgood
 </P>
 <P>&nbsp;</P>
 </body>
 </HTML>
	<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
	<HTML>
	<head>
	<META HTTP-EQUIV="CONTENT-TYPE" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
	<TITLE></TITLE>
	<META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="OpenOffice.org 1.1 (Linux)">
	<META NAME="CREATED" CONTENT="20040408;22520700">
	<META NAME="CHANGEDBY" CONTENT="Kevin Carr">
	<META NAME="CHANGED" CONTENT="20040408;22580500">
	</head>
	<body LANG="en-US" DIR="LTR">
	<H2 ALIGN=CENTER STYLE="margin-top: 0in">How to Carry out Simple
	Calculations</H2>
	<H2 ALIGN=CENTER STYLE="margin-top: 0in">and</H2>
	<H2 ALIGN=CENTER STYLE="margin-top: 0in">Format Cells and Sheets in a
	Folder.</H2>
	<H2 ALIGN=CENTER STYLE="margin-top: 0in"> </H2>
	<H5 ALIGN=CENTER STYLE="margin-top: 0in"><I>provided by</I></H5>
	<H5 ALIGN=CENTER STYLE="margin-top: 0in"><I>the OpenOffice.org
	Documentation Project</I></H5>
	<H2 ALIGN=CENTER STYLE="margin-top: 0in"> </H2>
	<P><B>Table of contents :</B>
	</P>
	<OL>
	<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><A HREF="#1">A quick introduction</A>.
	Introduction to the tools available in the Calc environment
	</P>
	<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><A HREF="#2">Initial Calculations</A>.
	</P>
	<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><A HREF="#3">Personalized
	Formatting</A>
	</P>
	<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><A HREF="#4">Printing your work</A>
	</P>
	<LI><P><A HREF="#5">Credits</A>
	</P>
	</OL>
	<H3 STYLE="margin-top: 0in"><A NAME="1"></A>1. A quick introduction.
	Introduction to the tools available in the Calc environment.
	</H3>
	<P>Before you start doing those highly advanced calculations that you
	will no doubt be spinning off in no time, let's take a brief look at
	your work surroundings to familiarize yourself with the tools that
	have been made available.
	</P>
	<P><IMG SRC="image1.jpg" NAME="Image1" ALIGN=MIDDLE WIDTH=628 HEIGHT=471 BORDER=0><BR>
	<BR>  <BR>
	</P>
	<P>Just below the title bar (the one with the butterfly) you will see
	four command toolbars :
	</P>
	<UL>
	<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">A <B>Menu toolbar</B>
	</P>
	<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">A <B>Function toolbar</B>
	</P>
	<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">An <B>Object toolbar</B>
	</P>
	<LI><P>A <B>Calculation toolbar</B>
	</P>
	</UL>
	<P>The <B>Menu toolbar</B> contains the main menus of the Calc
	module. The <B>Function toolbar</B> provides user access to function
	icons such as <B>Open, Save, Copy, Cut, Paste</B> and other common
	tasks in OpenOffice.org. The <B>Object toolbar </B>comprises a set of
	tools that are specific to calculation and cell formatting (number
	format, text alignment, borders). Finally, the <B>Calculation toolbar</B>
	is intended for the entry of formulae necessary for your
	calculations, and also shows you the position of the cursor within
	the spreadsheet.</P>
	<P> </P>
	<P><I><B>NB</B> : Some people believe that these toolbars can not be
	changed, but this is not actually true. It is in fact possible to
	modify the icons and the associated functions according to your needs
	by clicking on the right mouse button of the main toolbar or the
	Object toolbar. A context-sensitive menu will then appear. Next,
	choose `<B>Configure</B>' or `<B>Customize</B>' in order to change
	the contents of the toolbar. You can also select `<B>Visible Buttons</B>'
	and add or remove the buttons of your choice. You can also add an
	extra toolbar from the same context-sensitive menu, called <B>Options
	toolbar </B>which , by default, is not shown. This bar contains
	several additional buttons that are in fact useful positioning or
	modification tools.</I></P>
	<P> </P>
	<P ALIGN=LEFT><IMG SRC="Image3.jpg" NAME="Image2" ALIGN=RIGHT WIDTH=30 HEIGHT=394 BORDER=0>On
	the left of the screen, you will notice the <B>Instrument toolbar
	</B>(shown here on the right). This toolbar provides the tools that
	you will need to work with your spreadsheet. The basic functions of
	the toolbar are explained in this `How-to'. At the bottom of the
	screen, you will notice the <B>Status Bar</B>. This bar provides
	essential information such as the sheet that you're currently working
	on, the page style, and in normal mode, the sum of the cell in which
	the cursor is situated.</P>
	<P ALIGN=LEFT> </P>
	<P><I><B>NB :</B> A right mouse button click in the box where Sum is
	written will give you access to a context-sensitive menu that
	proposes other choices, such as mean, maximum, minimum...</I></P>
	<P>You will also notice that the folder you have just opened contains
	three worksheets by default, indicated by the presence of three small
	tabs above the Status Bar and bearing the names : Sheet1, Sheet2,
	Sheet3.</P>
	<P>The spreadsheet is represented as a grid comprising cells, with
	each cell bearing a unique reference. A cell is referenced by its
	column (vertical reference), given here as a letter (e.g. A...Z
	etc.), and its line (horizontal reference), given here as a number
	(e.g. 1...65000 etc.), These references appear as grey column and
	line headers on the spreadsheet. Thus, the first cell in the first
	line (the one at the uppermost left hand corner) bears the reference
	A1.</P>
	<H3 STYLE="margin-top: 0in"><A NAME="2"></A><B>2. Initial
	Calculations</B></H3>
	<P>If you 've jumped to this section without having read the
	preceding paragraphs, it might be a good idea to go back and read
	them now anyway, since the terms that will be used here were
	introduced previously. However, if you too impatient, tired, excited
	or even bored to do that , read on and we'll take a look at how to
	carry out additions with Calc !</P>
	<P>As mentioned above, the boxes that you see formed by the grid are
	called cells. You can enter text, numbers or formulae in these cells.
	Of course, the whole "raison d'etre" of a spreadsheet
	application is to be able to carry out calculations within these
	cells.
	</P>
	<P>Anyway, enough of the waffle, let's go and try our first
	calculation ! :
	</P>
	<OL>
	<P>In the cell A1 type (without the quotes) "=3"
	</P>
	<P>Then press `<B>Enter</B>' on your keyboard
	</P>
	<P>And you should see "3" appear in the cell, since the
	result of the calculation appears automatically.
	</P>
	</OL>
	<P>Your cursor should now be in the cell immediately below the cell
	A1, but if you click once more in cell A1, you will see the
	mathematical operation that you have just entered shown in the
	<B>Calculation toolbar</B> .</P>
	<P>Let's carry on : now type 6 in cell A2 and we'll request the
	result of the addition of cell A1 to cell A2 and have the result
	displayed in cell A3. Here's how it's done :</P>
	<OL>
	<P>Place the cursor in cell A2, and type 6
	</P>
	<P>Confirm this data entry by pressing the button '<B>Enter</B>',
	and your cursor will move to cell A3
	</P>
	<P>Type (without quotes) "=A1+A2"
	</P>
	<P>Confirm with `<B>Enter</B>', and you will see the result
	displayed as "11" in cell A3
	</P>
	</OL>
	<P>This last calculation was carried out using the cell references
	and not discreet values.</P>
	<P>Let's go ever onward, and try adding up a whole column of cells,
	i.e. a range. Click on Sheet2 to get a clear sheet.</P>
	<OL>
	<P>Type in some numbers in cells A1 to A9
	</P>
	<P>Confirm with `<B>Enter</B>', and the cursor will move to cell A10
	</P>
	<P>Type (without quotes) "=sum(A1:A9)"
	</P>
	<P>Confirm with `<B>Enter</B>', and you will view see the result of
	the addition displayed in cell A10, and the formula will be visible
	in the Calculation bar.</P>
	</OL>
	<P>By typing the colon [ : ] between the cell references, you have
	told the software that you want to add up the values in the range of
	cells from A1 to A9. The range is indicated on the screen by a red
	border.</P>
	<P>By typing `sum ()', you are telling the software the type of
	mathematical operation that you want to carry out on the referenced
	cells that are between parentheses.</P>
	<P><B><I>NB</I></B> : <I>You'll probably have noticed when you
	started to type `<B>sum</B>', that Calc suggested the completion of
	the formula. This is the <B>Autocomplete </B>function, with which it
	suffices to press `<B>Enter</B>' if you agree with the suggestion
	made by StarOffice, and your cursor will be positioned automatically
	between the parentheses so that all you have to do is enter the
	ranges.</I></P>
	<P>Right, let's do it again, only this time we'll replace the colon
	by a semi-colon (;) between A1 and A9. You'll notice that the result
	is completely different. In this case, you have only added up the
	contents of cell A1 to those of cell A9 and not the range. Thus, in
	order to add two ranges of cells, you would type "=sum(A1:A9;B1:B9)".</P>
	<P>You can also select the ranges to be added together using the
	mouse. After having typed "= sum(" into the target cell,
	click on the first cell and whilst holding the mouse button down,
	drag the mouse to the last cell of the range, and then let go of the
	mouse button, and you will see the end of the formula inserted in
	automatically into the Formula bar.</P>
	<P><I><B>NB</B> : If the number that is displayed is too big to be
	displayed completely in the cell, it will be replaced by a series of
	musical flat symbols (<B>###</B>). In order to adjust the size of the
	cell, all you have to do is click on the right-hand column separator
	of any given column and drag the separator rightwards (to broaden) or
	leftwards (to narrow). The same function can be reached through the
	command <B>Format - Column - Optimal width</B>.</I></P>
	<P><U>About references</U></P>
	<P>It is important to grasp the basics of references when you want to
	carry out calculations on cells containing formulae.</P>
	<P STYLE="text-decoration: none">A relative reference is a range
	whose references are adjusted when the formula is moved : <BR>e.g.. :
	if you copy the formula "=sum(A1:A9)" to column B, it will
	become "=sum(B1:B9)"
	</P>
	<P STYLE="text-decoration: none">An absolute reference is used when a
	calculation has to refer to a precise cell of the spreadsheet. This
	is written for example $A$1 to designate the absolute reference for
	column A and line 1. Thus $A1 is used as the absolute reference to
	column A and A$1 for the absolute reference to line 1.
	</P>
	<P STYLE="text-decoration: none">Now that we've finished learning
	about simple calculations, let's exercise our brains (and fingers)
	with some subtractions,  multiplications and divisions !
	</P>
	<H3 STYLE="margin-top: 0in"><A NAME="3"></A>3. Personalized
	formatting
	</H3>
	<P>Your spreadsheet contains three sheets, Sheet1,2,3. We'll give
	each sheet a name (after all, it does make it easier to remember them
	!). Right-mouse button click on the tab of Sheet1, and a
	context-sensitive menu will appear offering you to `<B>Rename</B>'
	Click on this option. In the following window, enter the name you
	wish your sheet to have and click on `<B>OK</B>', the sheet will then
	display the new name in the tab.
	</P>
	<P>You'll also have noticed that this context-sensitive menu offers
	you the choice  of inserting or deleting the sheet as well as
	moving or copying it. Each time, a windowed dialog box will allow you
	to specify your precise choice.
	</P>
	<P>Let's do some work on cell formatting. Suppose you want to enter
	the title of your spreadsheet over several sheets, do as follows :
	</P>
	<UL>
	<P>Select all the sheets in which the title is to appear. Then with
	the mouse, click on the first cell and drag the mouse to the last
	cell of the title .
	</P>
	<P>In the menu toolbar, select : <B>Format - Merge Cells- Define</B>
	</P>
	</UL>
	<P>More often than not, you will want to centre the title over the
	selected cells. In order to do so :</P>
	<UL>
	<P>Select the title cell
	</P>
	<P>In the menu toolbar, select: <B>Format - Cells</B>
	</P>
	<P>In the dialog box that appears, select the tab  `<B>Alignment</B>'
	</P>
	<P>Click on the button `<B>Center</B>'
	</P>
	<P>You can also select  other options in this dialog box if you
	wish
	</P>
	<P>Click on `<B>OK</B>'
	</P>
	</UL>
	<P>If you want to set a fine border around  your table, select
	the cells, and from the menu toolbar  choose <B>Format - Cells</B>
	and click on the tab  `<B>Borders</B>'. Choose the thickness of
	the border that suits you as well as the border that you wish and
	click on `<B>OK</B>'.</P>
	<P>You will notice that the dialog box `<B>Cell Attributes</B>'
	comprises a certain number of tabbed pages relating to cell
	formatting (<B>Fonts, Font Effects, Alignment</B>). You can also
	reach these tabbed pages by right-mouse button clicking on a cell and
	selecting  `<B>Format cells'</B>. And of course, the function
	toolbar also contains some of these formatting functions.</P>
	<P><IMG SRC="Image2.jpg" NAME="Image3" ALIGN=RIGHT WIDTH=84 HEIGHT=26 BORDER=0>Let's
	look at the last three icons of the function toolbar. These three
	icons allow you to position text at the top, middle and bottom of a
	cell respectively. Very handy !</P>
	<P>One last thing, in order to make our cells containing text to
	stand out on the sheet from those containing  numbers and
	formulae, you can use the  `<B>Value Highlighting</B>' :</P>
	<UL>
	<P>From the menu toolbar, choose <B>View - Value Highlighting</B>,
	</P>
	<P>You will note that all of the text is displayed in black, all of
	the numbers in blue and all of the formulae in green.
	</P>
	</UL>
	<P><I><B>NB :</B> In order to directly format your cell as one
	containing text, enter an apostrophe ( ` )  into the cell before
	typing your word , e.g. : `Price</I></P>
	<P> </P>
	<P>At last , our sheet is starting to take shape !</P>
	<P>Let's look at the page settings now. Perhaps you find it easier to
	work with landscape style pages, so do as follows :</P>
	<OL>
	<P>From the menu toolbar, choose <B>Format - Page</B>
	</P>
	<P>Click on the tab `<B>Page'</B>
	</P>
	<P>At the section 'Orientation', click on the radio button
	`<B>Landscape'</B>
	</P>
	<P>Confirm with `<B>OK'</B>
	</P>
	</OL>
	<P>In order to check that your sheet has indeed been saved in the
	landscape format, click on  <B>File - Preview</B> in the menu
	toolbar.</P>
	<P>Staying now with the page dialog box for a while, you can add a
	header, footer, and of course page numbers.</P>
	<P>Let's look at this aspect more closely :</P>
	<OL>
	<P>From the menu toolbar, choose <B>Format - Page</B>
	</P>
	<P>Click on the tab `<B>Footer</B>'
	</P>
	<P>In the window that appears, click on the bow that says
	`<B>Footer on</B>'
	</P>
	<P>The button `<B>Options</B>' allows you to add a border or
	background to the footer
	</P>
	<P>Click on the button  `<B>Edit</B>'
	</P>
	<P>In the window that appears, you will see three smaller windows
	and a series of icons. The smaller windows correspond to tabulation
	marks inserted into the footer and the icons to field instructions.
	The one that we're interested in has a musical flat sign (<B>#</B>)
	on it .
	</P>
	<P>Place your cursor onto the small window that you wish to use
	</P>
	<P>Click on the icon `<B>Page</B>' (illustrated by a single #), you
	will see the page number written into the selected window
	</P>
	<P>Click on `<B>OK</B>' to return to the `<B>Page Style</B>' window.
	</P>
	<P>Click on `<B>OK</B>' to close this window.
	</P>
	</OL>
	<P><I><B>NB :</B> You can of course insert any text that you want
	into the header or the footer, and in the same way, your company or
	group logo.</I></P>
	<H3 STYLE="margin-top: 0in"><A NAME="4"></A><B>4. Printing your work</B></H3>
	<P>It may be that you only want to print part of your spreadsheet, or
	even only one sheet, or on the other hand, maybe the whole
	workfolder.</P>
	<P>In order to print just an area of your sheet proceed as follows :</P>
	<UL>
	<P>Select the zone you wish to print with the mouse or the keyboard
	</P>
	<P>Choose <B>Format - Print ranges... </B>from  the menu
	toolbar.
	</P>
	<P>Click on `<B>Define</B>'
	</P>
	<P>You will see the selected print range appear on the sheet as two
	slightly darkened grey lines. You can check that you've selected the
	correct area by looking at the preview of the range to be printed.
	</P>
	</UL>
	<P><I><B>NB :</B> In the drop-down menu under <B>Format - Print
	ranges</B>, you can also add other ranges of your document to be
	printed. Select the range and click on Add. This second print range
	will be printed on a second page (even though it forms part of the
	same sheet screen).</I></P>
	<P>In order to print a single sheet from your workfolder:</P>
	<UL>
	<P>click on <B>File - Print </B>from the menu toolbar
	</P>
	<P>In the dialog box that appears, under `<B>Print Range</B>' click
	on the radio button `Pages' and enter the page number that you wish
	to print out.
	</P>
	<P>Click on `<B>OK</B>' to start printing
	</P>
	</UL>
	<P>In the same Print range field of the dialog box, you could also
	have indicated for example (2,3) to print page 2 and page 3 or even
	(2-5) to print from page 2 to page 5 .</P>
	<P>A quicker way is to select the sheets to be printed  and then
	to click on the print icon in the function bar. To do this :</P>
	<UL>
	<P>Click on the sheet tab at the bottom of the sheet and select the
	ones you wish to print by holding down the <B>CTRL</B> key on your
	keyboard. In this way, you do a multiple selection of the sheets
	</P>
	<P>Click on the icon  `<B>Quick printing</B>' in the function
	toolbar. Off it goes !
	</P>
	<P>To undo your selection, click once more on the sheet tab and hold
	the <B>CTRL</B> key down.</P>
	</UL>
	<P>In order to print only certain columns or lines from your sheet :</P>
	<UL>
	<P>Select the lines or columns to print
	</P>
	<P>Select `<B>File - Print</B>' from the menu toolbar
	</P>
	<P>In the dialog box that appears, click on the box `<B>Selection</B>'
	in `Print range'
	</P>
	<P>Click on `<B>OK</B>'
	</P>
	</UL>
	<H3 STYLE="margin-top: 0in"><A NAME="5"></A><B>5. Credits</B></H3>
	<P><B>Author</B> : Sophie Gautier</P>
	<P><B>Thanks to</B> : Alexander Thurgood for his precious help</P>
	<P><B>Intgr by</B> : Gianluca Turconi</P>
	<P><B>Last modified</B> : January 16, 2002</P>
	<P><B>Contacts</B> : OpenOffice.org Documentation Project
	<A HREF="http://documentation.openoffice.org/index.html">http://documentation.openoffice.org/index.html</A></P>
	<P><B>Translation</B> : Alexander Thurgood
	</P>
	<P> </P>
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