# <pre> | |
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of | |
# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. | |
# This file also includes Pacific islands. | |
# Notes are at the end of this file | |
############################################################################### | |
# Australia | |
# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. | |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - | |
Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - | |
Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - | |
Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - | |
Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - | |
Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - | |
Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - | |
# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which | |
# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that | |
# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. | |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
# Northern Territory | |
Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb | |
9:00 - CST 1899 May | |
9:30 Aus CST | |
# Western Australia | |
# | |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - | |
Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - | |
Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - | |
Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - | |
Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - | |
Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec | |
8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul | |
8:00 AW WST | |
Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec | |
8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul | |
8:45 AW CWST | |
# Queensland | |
# | |
# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): | |
# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast | |
# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after | |
# Queensland ceased to. | |
# | |
# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): | |
# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, | |
# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. | |
# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, | |
# so use Lindeman. | |
# | |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - | |
Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - | |
Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - | |
Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - | |
Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 | |
10:00 Aus EST 1971 | |
10:00 AQ EST | |
Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 | |
10:00 Aus EST 1971 | |
10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul | |
10:00 Holiday EST | |
# South Australia | |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - | |
Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - | |
Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - | |
Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - | |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb | |
9:00 - CST 1899 May | |
9:30 Aus CST 1971 | |
9:30 AS CST | |
# Tasmania | |
# | |
# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): | |
# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> | |
# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. | |
# | |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - | |
Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - | |
Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - | |
Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - | |
Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - | |
Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - | |
Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - | |
Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - | |
Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - | |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep | |
10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 | |
10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb | |
10:00 Aus EST 1967 | |
10:00 AT EST | |
Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep | |
10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 | |
10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb | |
10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul | |
10:00 AT EST | |
# Victoria | |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - | |
Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - | |
Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - | |
Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - | |
Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - | |
Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - | |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb | |
10:00 Aus EST 1971 | |
10:00 AV EST | |
# New South Wales | |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - | |
Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - | |
Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - | |
Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - | |
Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - | |
Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - | |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb | |
10:00 Aus EST 1971 | |
10:00 AN EST | |
Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb | |
10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 | |
9:00 - CST 1899 May | |
9:30 Aus CST 1971 | |
9:30 AN CST 2000 | |
9:30 AS CST | |
# Lord Howe Island | |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - | |
Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - | |
Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - | |
Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - | |
Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - | |
Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - | |
Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - | |
Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - | |
Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - | |
Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - | |
Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - | |
Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - | |
Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - | |
Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - | |
Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb | |
10:00 - EST 1981 Mar | |
10:30 LH LHST | |
# Australian miscellany | |
# | |
# Ashmore Is, Cartier | |
# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers | |
# no times are set | |
# | |
# Coral Sea Is | |
# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists | |
# no times are set | |
# | |
# Macquarie | |
# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; | |
# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 | |
# like Australia/Hobart | |
# Christmas | |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb | |
7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time | |
# Cook Is | |
# From Shanks & Pottenger: | |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS | |
Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - | |
Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS | |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua | |
-10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time | |
-10:00 Cook CK%sT | |
# Cocos | |
# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. | |
# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. | |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 | |
6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time | |
# Fiji | |
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): | |
# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST | |
# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. | |
# | |
# "Daylight savings to commence this month" | |
# <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719"> | |
# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 | |
# </a> | |
# or | |
# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html"> | |
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html | |
# </a> | |
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): | |
# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved | |
# amendments: | |
# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml"> | |
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml | |
# </a> | |
# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): | |
# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on | |
# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. | |
# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March | |
# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). | |
# | |
# Official source: | |
# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166"> | |
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 | |
# </a> | |
# | |
# A bit more background info here: | |
# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html"> | |
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html | |
# </a> | |
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): | |
# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 | |
# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... | |
# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, | |
# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: | |
# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> | |
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 | |
# </a> | |
# or | |
# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html"> | |
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html | |
# </a> | |
# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): | |
# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date | |
# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). | |
# | |
# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> | |
# www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 | |
# </a> | |
# which says | |
# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in | |
# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to | |
# 2am on February 26 next year. | |
# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) | |
# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for | |
# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. | |
# | |
# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> | |
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 | |
# </a> | |
# states: | |
# | |
# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 | |
# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. | |
# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start | |
# on the 23rd of October, 2011. | |
# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: | |
# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate | |
# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st | |
# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. | |
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 | |
# | |
# From Paul Eggert (2012-08-31): | |
# For now, guess a pattern of the penultimate Sundays in October and January. | |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S | |
Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - | |
Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S | |
Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - | |
Rule Fiji 2010 max - Oct Sun>=18 2:00 1:00 S | |
Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - | |
Rule Fiji 2012 max - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - | |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva | |
12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time | |
# French Polynesia | |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea | |
-9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time | |
Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct | |
-9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time | |
Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete | |
-10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time | |
# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; | |
# it is uninhabited. | |
# Guam | |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 | |
9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana | |
10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam | |
10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time | |
# Kiribati | |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki | |
12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time | |
Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 | |
-12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time | |
-11:00 - PHOT 1995 | |
13:00 - PHOT | |
Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 | |
-10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time | |
-10:00 - LINT 1995 | |
14:00 - LINT | |
# N Mariana Is | |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 | |
9:43:00 - LMT 1901 | |
9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time | |
10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 | |
10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time | |
# Marshall Is | |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 | |
11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time | |
12:00 - MHT | |
Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 | |
11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct | |
-12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time | |
12:00 - MHT | |
# Micronesia | |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 | |
10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time | |
Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia | |
11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time | |
Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 | |
11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time | |
12:00 - KOST 1999 | |
11:00 - KOST | |
# Nauru | |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe | |
11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time | |
9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 | |
11:30 - NRT 1979 May | |
12:00 - NRT | |
# New Caledonia | |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S | |
Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - | |
Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S | |
# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. | |
Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - | |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 | |
11:00 NC NC%sT | |
############################################################################### | |
# New Zealand | |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S | |
Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M | |
Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S | |
Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M | |
Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M | |
Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S | |
Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S | |
# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no | |
# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. | |
Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D | |
Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D | |
Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S | |
Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S | |
Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D | |
Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D | |
Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S | |
Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S | |
Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D | |
Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D | |
Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D | |
Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D | |
Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S | |
Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S | |
Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D | |
Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D | |
Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S | |
Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S | |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 | |
11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 | |
12:00 NZ NZ%sT | |
Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 | |
12:45 Chatham CHA%sT | |
# Auckland Is | |
# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, | |
# and scientific personnel have wintered | |
# Campbell I | |
# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 | |
# scientific station operated 1941/1995; | |
# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered | |
# was probably like Pacific/Auckland | |
############################################################################### | |
# Niue | |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi | |
-11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time | |
-11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 | |
-11:00 - NUT | |
# Norfolk | |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston | |
11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time | |
11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time | |
# Palau (Belau) | |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror | |
9:00 - PWT # Palau Time | |
# Papua New Guinea | |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 | |
9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time | |
10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time | |
# Pitcairn | |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown | |
-8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 | |
-8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time | |
# American Samoa | |
Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 | |
-11:22:48 - LMT 1911 | |
-11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time | |
-11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome | |
-11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering | |
-11:00 - SST # S=Samoa | |
# Samoa | |
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): | |
# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received | |
# the following info: | |
# | |
# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year | |
# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first | |
# Sunday of April 2011." | |
# | |
# Background info: | |
# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html"> | |
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html | |
# </a> | |
# | |
# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not | |
# contain any dates: | |
# <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf"> | |
# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf | |
# </a> | |
# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): | |
# Please see | |
# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> | |
# http://www.mcil.gov.ws | |
# </a>, | |
# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday | |
# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight | |
# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks | |
# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" | |
# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): | |
# I believe this will be posted shortly on the website | |
# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> | |
# www.mcil.gov.ws | |
# </a> | |
# | |
# PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME | |
# | |
# Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision, | |
# businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight | |
# saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11). | |
# | |
# The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes | |
# the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, | |
# then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be | |
# adjusted/changed to three oclock (3:00am or 0300Hrs). | |
# | |
# Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE, | |
# INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011 | |
# From David Zuelke (2011-05-09): | |
# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line | |
# | |
# <a href="http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963"> | |
# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 | |
# </a> | |
# From Mark Sim-Smith (2011-08-17): | |
# I have been in contact with Leilani Tuala Warren from the Samoa Law | |
# Reform Commission, and she has sent me a copy of the Bill that she | |
# confirmed has been passed...Most of the sections are about maps rather | |
# than the time zone change, but I'll paste the relevant bits below. But | |
# the essence is that at midnight 29 Dec (UTC-11 I suppose), Samoa | |
# changes from UTC-11 to UTC+13: | |
# | |
# International Date Line Bill 2011 | |
# | |
# AN ACT to provide for the change to standard time in Samoa and to make | |
# consequential amendments to the position of the International Date | |
# Line, and for related purposes. | |
# | |
# BE IT ENACTED by the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in Parliament | |
# assembled as follows: | |
# | |
# 1. Short title and commencement-(1) This Act may be cited as the | |
# International Date Line Act 2011. (2) Except for section 5(3) this Act | |
# commences at 12 o'clock midnight, on Thursday 29th December 2011. (3) | |
# Section 5(3) commences on the date of assent by the Head of State. | |
# | |
# [snip] | |
# | |
# 3. Interpretation - [snip] "Samoa standard time" in this Act and any | |
# other statute of Samoa which refers to 'Samoa standard time' means the | |
# time 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated Universal Time. | |
# | |
# 4. Samoa standard time - (1) Upon the commencement of this Act, Samoa | |
# standard time shall be set at 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated | |
# Universal Time for the whole of Samoa. (2) All references to Samoa's | |
# time zone and to Samoa standard time in Samoa in all legislation and | |
# instruments after the commencement of this Act shall be references to | |
# Samoa standard time as provided for in this Act. (3) Nothing in this | |
# Act affects the provisions of the Daylight Saving Act 2009, except that | |
# it defines Samoa standard time.... | |
# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): | |
# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html"> | |
# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html | |
# </a> | |
# | |
# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change | |
# | |
# DST | |
# Year End Time Start Time | |
# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am | |
# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - | |
# | |
# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 | |
# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours | |
# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours | |
# | |
# Clarification by Tim Parenti (2012-01-03): | |
# Although Samoa has used Daylight Saving Time in the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 | |
# seasons, there is not yet any indication that this trend will continue on | |
# a regular basis. For now, we have explicitly listed the transitions below. | |
# | |
# From Nicky (2012-09-10): | |
# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and | |
# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013. | |
# | |
# Please find link below for more information. | |
# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html | |
# | |
# That publication also includes dates for Summer of 2013/4 as well | |
# which give the impression of a pattern in selecting dates for the | |
# future, so for now, we will guess this will continue. | |
# Western Samoa | |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D | |
Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 - | |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 | |
-11:26:56 - LMT 1911 | |
-11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time | |
-11:00 - WST 2010 Sep 26 | |
-11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 2 4:00 | |
-11:00 - WST 2011 Sep 24 3:00 | |
-11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Dec 30 | |
13:00 1:00 WSDT 2012 Apr Sun>=1 4:00 | |
13:00 WS WS%sT | |
# Solomon Is | |
# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea | |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara | |
11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time | |
# Tokelau Is | |
# | |
# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) | |
# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping | |
# December 31 this year ... | |
# | |
# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) | |
# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking | |
# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... | |
# Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change | |
# actually was to UTC-11 back then. | |
# | |
# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) | |
# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of | |
# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, | |
# <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau | |
# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger | |
# are off by an hour starting in 1901. | |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 | |
-11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time | |
13:00 - TKT | |
# Tonga | |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S | |
Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - | |
Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S | |
Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - | |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 | |
12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time | |
13:00 - TOT 1999 | |
13:00 Tonga TO%sT | |
# Tuvalu | |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 | |
12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time | |
# US minor outlying islands | |
# Howland, Baker | |
# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British | |
# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. | |
# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; | |
# uninhabited thereafter. | |
# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937; | |
# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, | |
# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). | |
# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 | |
# until they were abandoned after the war. | |
# Jarvis | |
# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. | |
# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; | |
# uninhabited thereafter. | |
# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati | |
# Johnston | |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST | |
# Kingman | |
# uninhabited | |
# Midway | |
# | |
# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): | |
# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, | |
# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] | |
# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly | |
# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting | |
# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone | |
# designations that I've never seen before:.... | |
# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. | |
# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " | |
# | |
Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 | |
-11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 | |
-11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 | |
-11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome | |
-11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering | |
-11:00 - SST # S=Samoa | |
# Palmyra | |
# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati | |
# Wake | |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 | |
12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time | |
# Vanuatu | |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S | |
Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - | |
Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S | |
Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S | |
Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - | |
Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S | |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila | |
11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time | |
# Wallis and Futuna | |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 | |
12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time | |
############################################################################### | |
# NOTES | |
# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, | |
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to | |
# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). | |
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): | |
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is | |
# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), | |
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). | |
# | |
# Gwillim Law writes that a good source | |
# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport | |
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), | |
# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries | |
# of the IATA's data after 1990. | |
# | |
# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for | |
# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. | |
# | |
# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, | |
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which | |
# I found in the UCLA library. | |
# | |
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is | |
# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). | |
# | |
# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; | |
# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. | |
# Corrections are welcome! | |
# std dst | |
# LMT Local Mean Time | |
# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia | |
# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* | |
# 9:00 JST Japan | |
# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia | |
# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia | |
# 10:00 ChST Chamorro | |
# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* | |
# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 | |
# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present | |
# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* | |
# -11:00 SST Samoa | |
# -10:00 HST Hawaii | |
# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* | |
# | |
# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. | |
# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. | |
############################################################################### | |
# Australia | |
# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): | |
# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> | |
# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia | |
# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. | |
# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): | |
# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> | |
# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales | |
# </a> covers New South Wales in particular. | |
# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): | |
# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. | |
# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' | |
# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the | |
# abbreviation does _not_ change... | |
# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least | |
# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the | |
# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses | |
# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight | |
# time'. | |
# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian | |
# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' | |
# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the | |
# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers | |
# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases | |
# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; | |
# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. | |
# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): | |
# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: | |
# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 | |
# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 | |
# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 | |
# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): | |
# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: | |
# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> | |
# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: | |
# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> | |
# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" | |
# versus "AEST" etc.: | |
# | |
# I see the following points of dispute: | |
# | |
# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? | |
# | |
# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris | |
# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper | |
# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity | |
# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian | |
# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. | |
# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique | |
# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't | |
# think it's that important to cater to such software these days. | |
# | |
# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous | |
# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is | |
# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for | |
# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. | |
# | |
# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? | |
# | |
# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in | |
# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about | |
# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard | |
# Time, for example. | |
# | |
# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to | |
# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a | |
# tiebreaker. | |
# | |
# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern | |
# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with | |
# the word "Australian"? | |
# | |
# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are | |
# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more | |
# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more | |
# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the | |
# following count of page hits: | |
# | |
# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au | |
# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au | |
# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au | |
# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au | |
# | |
# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", | |
# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, | |
# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer | |
# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. | |
# | |
# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of | |
# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and | |
# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here | |
# are the hit counts anyway: | |
# | |
# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au | |
# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au | |
# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au | |
# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au | |
# | |
# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au | |
# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au | |
# 176 "ACST" and domain:au | |
# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au | |
# | |
# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au | |
# 68 "AWST" and domain:au | |
# | |
# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in | |
# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given | |
# the ambiguities involved. | |
# | |
# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? | |
# | |
# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 | |
# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, | |
# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and | |
# understood in Australia. | |
# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): | |
# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. | |
# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper | |
# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, | |
# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 | |
# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. | |
# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. | |
# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): | |
# | |
# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, | |
# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more | |
# relevant entries in this database. | |
# | |
# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): | |
# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> | |
# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) | |
# </a> | |
# ACT | |
# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> | |
# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 | |
# </a> | |
# SA | |
# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> | |
# Standard Time Act, 1898 | |
# </a> | |
# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): | |
# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by | |
# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. | |
# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday | |
# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. | |
# | |
# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): | |
# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan | |
# to extend DST together in 2006. | |
# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt | |
# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html | |
# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html | |
# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 | |
# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles | |
# allude to it. | |
# But not Queensland | |
# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. | |
# Northern Territory | |
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): | |
# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] | |
# # [ Nov 1990 ] | |
# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. | |
# ... | |
# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST | |
# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): | |
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... | |
# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. | |
# Western Australia | |
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): | |
# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] | |
# # [ Nov 1990 ] | |
# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to | |
# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but | |
# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus | |
# # before reaching parliament. | |
# ... | |
# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST | |
# ... | |
# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D | |
# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W | |
# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D | |
# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W | |
# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): | |
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... | |
# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. | |
# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): | |
# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney | |
# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at | |
# work at 9.00am.) | |
# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse | |
# everybody again. | |
# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): | |
# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; | |
# it matches what was used in the past. | |
# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> | |
# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ | |
# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses | |
# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. | |
# Queensland | |
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): | |
# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] | |
# # [ Dec 1990 ] | |
# ... | |
# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST | |
# ... | |
# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D | |
# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E | |
# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D | |
# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E | |
# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): | |
# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from | |
# October 1989). | |
# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): | |
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... | |
# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving | |
# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... | |
# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): | |
# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact | |
# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised | |
# me.) | |
# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): | |
# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted | |
# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... | |
# ... | |
# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D | |
# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S | |
# ... | |
# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): | |
# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. | |
# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning | |
# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): | |
# WA are trialing DST for three years. | |
# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf> | |
# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): | |
# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the | |
# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western | |
# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The | |
# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so | |
# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the | |
# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South | |
# Australia and Western Australia.... | |
# | |
# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): | |
# This is confirmed by the section entitled | |
# "What's the deal with time zones???" in | |
# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. | |
# | |
# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): | |
# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, | |
# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern | |
# coast of the continent. | |
# | |
# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no | |
# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border | |
# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west | |
# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is | |
# the largest population centre in this zone.... | |
# | |
# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the | |
# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I | |
# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, | |
# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. | |
# | |
# (2006-12-09): | |
# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving | |
# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis | |
# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well | |
# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. | |
# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): | |
# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the | |
# introduction of standard time in 1895. | |
# southeast Australia | |
# | |
# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): | |
# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT | |
# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. | |
# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html | |
# South Australia | |
# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): | |
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... | |
# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving | |
# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... | |
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): | |
# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] | |
# # [ Nov 1990 ] | |
# ... | |
# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST | |
# ... | |
# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D | |
# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C | |
# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C | |
# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C | |
# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): | |
# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide | |
# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, | |
# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." | |
# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): | |
# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) | |
# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even | |
# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival | |
# is on... | |
# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): | |
# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... | |
# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... | |
# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). | |
# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): | |
# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, | |
# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can | |
# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... | |
# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): | |
# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... | |
# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... | |
# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. | |
# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): | |
# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. | |
# Tasmania | |
# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd | |
# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): | |
# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] | |
# # [ Nov 1990 ] | |
# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): | |
# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have | |
# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia | |
# (but nothing new about that). | |
# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): | |
# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the | |
# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, | |
# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria | |
# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 | |
# instead of the first Sunday in October. | |
# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: | |
# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 | |
# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): | |
# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. | |
# Victoria | |
# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd | |
# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): | |
# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] | |
# # [ Nov 1990 ] | |
# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): | |
# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an | |
# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was | |
# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar | |
# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located | |
# in Melbourne, Australia. | |
# | |
# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which | |
# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day | |
# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's | |
# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, | |
# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the | |
# expected time. | |
# | |
# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had | |
# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of | |
# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps | |
# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. | |
# | |
# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html | |
# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au | |
# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): | |
# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. | |
# New South Wales | |
# From Arthur David Olson: | |
# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. | |
# Based on law library research by John Mackin, | |
# who notes: | |
# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the | |
# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' | |
# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common | |
# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the | |
# legislation. This is very important to understand. | |
# I have researched New South Wales time only... | |
# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): | |
# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual | |
# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, | |
# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> | |
# Two months more daylight saving | |
# </a> | |
# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] | |
# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): | |
# See the following official NSW source: | |
# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> | |
# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. | |
# </a> | |
# | |
# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of | |
# daylight saving next year. See: | |
# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> | |
# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving | |
# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. | |
# | |
# Victoria will following NSW. See: | |
# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> | |
# Vic to extend daylight saving | |
# </a> (1999-07-28). | |
# | |
# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: | |
# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> | |
# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request | |
# </a> (1999-07-19). | |
# | |
# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: | |
# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> | |
# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics | |
# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying | |
# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time | |
# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very | |
# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of | |
# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. | |
# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' | |
# | |
# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: | |
# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> | |
# Broken Hill to be behind the times | |
# </a> (1999-07-21). | |
# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian | |
# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken | |
# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. | |
# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: | |
# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW | |
# towns to use Queensland time. | |
# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): | |
# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. | |
# Yancowinna | |
# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): | |
# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. | |
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): | |
# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] | |
# # [ Dec 1990 ] | |
# ... | |
# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the | |
# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings | |
# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government | |
# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have | |
# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not | |
# # presently available. | |
# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST | |
# ... | |
# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D | |
# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C | |
# [followed by other Rules] | |
# Lord Howe Island | |
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): | |
# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] | |
# [ Dec 1990 ] | |
# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an | |
# hour ahead of NSW time. | |
# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): | |
# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same | |
# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the | |
# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is | |
# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time | |
# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour | |
# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents | |
# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing | |
# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will | |
# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. | |
# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): | |
# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards | |
# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently | |
# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as | |
# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start | |
# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. | |
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): | |
# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and | |
# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. | |
# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): | |
# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. | |
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): | |
# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight | |
# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 | |
# summer (southern hemisphere). | |
# | |
# From | |
# <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf"> | |
# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf | |
# </a> | |
# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling | |
# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. | |
# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each | |
# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. | |
# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia | |
# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and | |
# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... | |
# | |
# We have a wrap-up here: | |
# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html"> | |
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html | |
# </a> | |
############################################################################### | |
# New Zealand | |
# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): | |
# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. | |
# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for | |
# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). | |
# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. | |
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): | |
# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! | |
# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. | |
# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] | |
# # [ Nov 1990 ] | |
# ... | |
# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D | |
# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D | |
# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S | |
# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S | |
# ... | |
# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand | |
# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island | |
# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): | |
# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 | |
# rather than the October 1 value. | |
# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); | |
# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. | |
# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight | |
# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard | |
# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. | |
# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. | |
# | |
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): | |
# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, | |
# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. | |
# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. | |
# | |
# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with | |
# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham | |
# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. | |
# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): | |
# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the | |
# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning | |
# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. | |
# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended | |
############################################################################### | |
# Fiji | |
# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji | |
# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time | |
# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). | |
# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): | |
# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 | |
# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will | |
# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. | |
# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): | |
# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. | |
# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): | |
# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to | |
# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it | |
# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific | |
# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new | |
# millenium. | |
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) | |
# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. | |
# Johnston | |
# Johnston data is from usno1995. | |
# Kiribati | |
# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): | |
# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati | |
# ``declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' | |
# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. | |
# Kwajalein | |
# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: | |
# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, | |
# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with | |
# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, | |
# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. | |
# N Mariana Is, Guam | |
# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the | |
# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones | |
# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. | |
# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; | |
# see Asia/Manila. | |
# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, | |
# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, | |
# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, | |
# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". | |
# Micronesia | |
# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), | |
# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" | |
# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' | |
# | |
# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 | |
# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. | |
# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): | |
# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in | |
# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> | |
# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information | |
# </a> (1999-01-26) | |
# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. | |
# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. | |
# Midway | |
# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), | |
# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection | |
# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): | |
# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight | |
# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, | |
# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 | |
# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to | |
# air at 6am your time. | |
# | |
# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): | |
# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they | |
# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years | |
# in Midway, but we have no record of it. | |
# Pitcairn | |
# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): | |
# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 | |
# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. | |
# | |
# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be | |
# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known | |
# as Pitcairn Standard Time. | |
# | |
# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several | |
# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation | |
# somehow in light of this proclamation. | |
# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): | |
# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 | |
# ... at midnight. | |
# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: | |
# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as | |
# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in | |
# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. | |
# Samoa | |
# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) | |
# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change | |
# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, | |
# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that | |
# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' | |
# Tonga | |
# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): | |
# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting | |
# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' | |
# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. | |
# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle | |
# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> | |
# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' | |
# </a>: | |
# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST | |
# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its | |
# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its | |
# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of | |
# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees | |
# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). | |
# | |
# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince | |
# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time | |
# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. | |
# | |
# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer | |
# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 | |
# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 | |
# minutes we have lost?" | |
# | |
# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that | |
# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth | |
# to say your prayers in the morning." | |
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): | |
# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. | |
# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): | |
# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium | |
# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. | |
# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from | |
# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan | |
# Government. | |
# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): | |
# * Tonga will introduce DST in November | |
# | |
# I was given this link by John Letts: | |
# <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> | |
# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm | |
# </a> | |
# | |
# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November | |
# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead | |
# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead | |
# (12 + 1 hour DST). | |
# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): | |
# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html"> | |
# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html | |
# </a>: | |
# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 | |
# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the | |
# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on | |
# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and | |
# set back an hour on the closing date." | |
# Alas, no indication of the time of day. | |
# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): | |
# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. | |
# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. | |
# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): | |
# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com | |
# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 | |
# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article | |
# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the | |
# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. | |
# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) | |
# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): | |
# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. | |
# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: | |
# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom | |
# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday | |
# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one | |
# hour to 1:00am. | |
# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): | |
# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. | |
# Wake | |
# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, | |
# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): | |
# | |
# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the | |
# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the | |
# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we | |
# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time | |
# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost | |
# impossible. | |
# | |
# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm | |
# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): | |
# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. | |
############################################################################### | |
# The International Date Line | |
# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): | |
# | |
# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, | |
# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. | |
# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on | |
# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. | |
# | |
# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and | |
# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL | |
# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most | |
# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line | |
# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific | |
# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international | |
# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is | |
# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some | |
# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not | |
# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the | |
# correct date is ambiguous. | |
# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): | |
# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting | |
# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's | |
# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's | |
# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the | |
# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all | |
# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones | |
# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any | |
# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted | |
# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's | |
# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were | |
# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many | |
# independent merchant ships until World War II. | |
# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen | |
# (2005-03-20): | |
# | |
# The American Practical Navigator (2002) | |
# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> | |
# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in | |
# international waters; it ignores the international date line. |