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| <h2 id="ble-peripheral-project">BLE Peripheral Project</h2> |
| <h3 id="gap-event-callbacks">GAP Event callbacks</h3> |
| <p><br></p> |
| <h4 id="overview">Overview</h4> |
| <p>Every BLE connection has a <em>GAP event callback</em> associated with it. A |
| GAP event callback is a bit of application code which NimBLE uses to inform |
| you of connection-related events. For example, if a connection is terminated, |
| NimBLE lets you know about it with a call to that connection's callback.</p> |
| <p>In the <a href="bleprph-adv/">advertising section</a> of this tutorial, we saw how the |
| application specifies a GAP event callback when it begins advertising. NimBLE |
| uses this callback to notify the application that a central has connected to |
| your peripheral after receiving an advertisement. Let's revisit how <em>bleprph</em> specifies its connection callback when advertising:</p> |
| <p><br></p> |
| <div class="codehilite" style="background: #ffffff"><pre style="line-height: 125%;"><span></span><code> <span style="color: #177500">/* Begin advertising. */</span> |
| <span style="color: #000000">memset</span>(<span style="color: #000000">&adv_params</span>, <span style="color: #1C01CE">0</span>, <span style="color: #A90D91">sizeof</span> <span style="color: #000000">adv_params</span>); |
| <span style="color: #000000">adv_params</span>.<span style="color: #000000">conn_mode</span> <span style="color: #000000">=</span> <span style="color: #000000">BLE_GAP_CONN_MODE_UND</span>; |
| <span style="color: #000000">adv_params</span>.<span style="color: #000000">disc_mode</span> <span style="color: #000000">=</span> <span style="color: #000000">BLE_GAP_DISC_MODE_GEN</span>; |
| <span style="color: #000000">rc</span> <span style="color: #000000">=</span> <span style="color: #000000">ble_gap_adv_start</span>(<span style="color: #000000">BLE_ADDR_TYPE_PUBLIC</span>, <span style="color: #1C01CE">0</span>, <span style="color: #A90D91">NULL</span>, <span style="color: #000000">BLE_HS_FOREVER</span>, |
| <span style="color: #000000">&adv_params</span>, <span style="color: #000000">bleprph_gap_event</span>, <span style="color: #A90D91">NULL</span>); |
| <span style="color: #A90D91">if</span> (<span style="color: #000000">rc</span> <span style="color: #000000">!=</span> <span style="color: #1C01CE">0</span>) { |
| <span style="color: #000000">BLEPRPH_LOG</span>(<span style="color: #000000">ERROR</span>, <span style="color: #C41A16">"error enabling advertisement; rc=%d\n"</span>, <span style="color: #000000">rc</span>); |
| <span style="color: #A90D91">return</span>; |
| } |
| </code></pre></div> |
| |
| <p><br></p> |
| <h4 id="bleprph_gap_event">bleprph_gap_event()</h4> |
| <p>The <code>bleprph_gap_event()</code> function is <em>bleprph</em>'s GAP event callback; NimBLE |
| calls this function when the advertising operation leads to connection |
| establishment. Upon connection establishment, this callback becomes |
| permanently associated with the connection; all subsequent events related to |
| this connection are communicated through this callback.</p> |
| <p>Now let's look at the function that <em>bleprph</em> uses for all its connection |
| callbacks: <code>bleprph_gap_event()</code>.</p> |
| <div class="codehilite" style="background: #ffffff"><pre style="line-height: 125%;"><span></span><code><span style="color: #177500">/**</span> |
| <span style="color: #177500"> * The nimble host executes this callback when a GAP event occurs. The</span> |
| <span style="color: #177500"> * application associates a GAP event callback with each connection that forms.</span> |
| <span style="color: #177500"> * bleprph uses the same callback for all connections.</span> |
| <span style="color: #177500"> *</span> |
| <span style="color: #177500"> * @param event The type of event being signalled.</span> |
| <span style="color: #177500"> * @param ctxt Various information pertaining to the event.</span> |
| <span style="color: #177500"> * @param arg Application-specified argument; unuesd by</span> |
| <span style="color: #177500"> * bleprph.</span> |
| <span style="color: #177500"> *</span> |
| <span style="color: #177500"> * @return 0 if the application successfully handled the</span> |
| <span style="color: #177500"> * event; nonzero on failure. The semantics</span> |
| <span style="color: #177500"> * of the return code is specific to the</span> |
| <span style="color: #177500"> * particular GAP event being signalled.</span> |
| <span style="color: #177500"> */</span> |
| <span style="color: #A90D91">static</span> <span style="color: #A90D91">int</span> |
| <span style="color: #000000">bleprph_gap_event</span>(<span style="color: #A90D91">struct</span> <span style="color: #3F6E75">ble_gap_event</span> <span style="color: #000000">*event</span>, <span style="color: #A90D91">void</span> <span style="color: #000000">*arg</span>) |
| { |
| <span style="color: #A90D91">struct</span> <span style="color: #3F6E75">ble_gap_conn_desc</span> <span style="color: #000000">desc</span>; |
| <span style="color: #A90D91">int</span> <span style="color: #000000">rc</span>; |
| |
| <span style="color: #A90D91">switch</span> (<span style="color: #000000">event->type</span>) { |
| <span style="color: #A90D91">case</span> <span style="color: #000000">BLE_GAP_EVENT_CONNECT</span>: |
| <span style="color: #177500">/* A new connection was established or a connection attempt failed. */</span> |
| <span style="color: #000000">BLEPRPH_LOG</span>(<span style="color: #000000">INFO</span>, <span style="color: #C41A16">"connection %s; status=%d "</span>, |
| <span style="color: #000000">event->connect</span>.<span style="color: #000000">status</span> <span style="color: #000000">==</span> <span style="color: #1C01CE">0</span> <span style="color: #000000">?</span> <span style="color: #C41A16">"established"</span> <span style="color: #000000">:</span> <span style="color: #C41A16">"failed"</span>, |
| <span style="color: #000000">event->connect</span>.<span style="color: #000000">status</span>); |
| <span style="color: #A90D91">if</span> (<span style="color: #000000">event->connect</span>.<span style="color: #000000">status</span> <span style="color: #000000">==</span> <span style="color: #1C01CE">0</span>) { |
| <span style="color: #000000">rc</span> <span style="color: #000000">=</span> <span style="color: #000000">ble_gap_conn_find</span>(<span style="color: #000000">event->connect</span>.<span style="color: #000000">conn_handle</span>, <span style="color: #000000">&desc</span>); |
| <span style="color: #000000">assert</span>(<span style="color: #000000">rc</span> <span style="color: #000000">==</span> <span style="color: #1C01CE">0</span>); |
| <span style="color: #000000">bleprph_print_conn_desc</span>(<span style="color: #000000">&desc</span>); |
| } |
| <span style="color: #000000">BLEPRPH_LOG</span>(<span style="color: #000000">INFO</span>, <span style="color: #C41A16">"\n"</span>); |
| |
| <span style="color: #A90D91">if</span> (<span style="color: #000000">event->connect</span>.<span style="color: #000000">status</span> <span style="color: #000000">!=</span> <span style="color: #1C01CE">0</span>) { |
| <span style="color: #177500">/* Connection failed; resume advertising. */</span> |
| <span style="color: #000000">bleprph_advertise</span>(); |
| } |
| <span style="color: #A90D91">return</span> <span style="color: #1C01CE">0</span>; |
| |
| <span style="color: #A90D91">case</span> <span style="color: #000000">BLE_GAP_EVENT_DISCONNECT</span>: |
| <span style="color: #000000">BLEPRPH_LOG</span>(<span style="color: #000000">INFO</span>, <span style="color: #C41A16">"disconnect; reason=%d "</span>, <span style="color: #000000">event->disconnect</span>.<span style="color: #000000">reason</span>); |
| <span style="color: #000000">bleprph_print_conn_desc</span>(<span style="color: #000000">&event->disconnect</span>.<span style="color: #000000">conn</span>); |
| <span style="color: #000000">BLEPRPH_LOG</span>(<span style="color: #000000">INFO</span>, <span style="color: #C41A16">"\n"</span>); |
| |
| <span style="color: #177500">/* Connection terminated; resume advertising. */</span> |
| <span style="color: #000000">bleprph_advertise</span>(); |
| <span style="color: #A90D91">return</span> <span style="color: #1C01CE">0</span>; |
| |
| <span style="color: #A90D91">case</span> <span style="color: #000000">BLE_GAP_EVENT_CONN_UPDATE</span>: |
| <span style="color: #177500">/* The central has updated the connection parameters. */</span> |
| <span style="color: #000000">BLEPRPH_LOG</span>(<span style="color: #000000">INFO</span>, <span style="color: #C41A16">"connection updated; status=%d "</span>, |
| <span style="color: #000000">event->conn_update</span>.<span style="color: #000000">status</span>); |
| <span style="color: #000000">rc</span> <span style="color: #000000">=</span> <span style="color: #000000">ble_gap_conn_find</span>(<span style="color: #000000">event->connect</span>.<span style="color: #000000">conn_handle</span>, <span style="color: #000000">&desc</span>); |
| <span style="color: #000000">assert</span>(<span style="color: #000000">rc</span> <span style="color: #000000">==</span> <span style="color: #1C01CE">0</span>); |
| <span style="color: #000000">bleprph_print_conn_desc</span>(<span style="color: #000000">&desc</span>); |
| <span style="color: #000000">BLEPRPH_LOG</span>(<span style="color: #000000">INFO</span>, <span style="color: #C41A16">"\n"</span>); |
| <span style="color: #A90D91">return</span> <span style="color: #1C01CE">0</span>; |
| |
| <span style="color: #A90D91">case</span> <span style="color: #000000">BLE_GAP_EVENT_ENC_CHANGE</span>: |
| <span style="color: #177500">/* Encryption has been enabled or disabled for this connection. */</span> |
| <span style="color: #000000">BLEPRPH_LOG</span>(<span style="color: #000000">INFO</span>, <span style="color: #C41A16">"encryption change event; status=%d "</span>, |
| <span style="color: #000000">event->enc_change</span>.<span style="color: #000000">status</span>); |
| <span style="color: #000000">rc</span> <span style="color: #000000">=</span> <span style="color: #000000">ble_gap_conn_find</span>(<span style="color: #000000">event->connect</span>.<span style="color: #000000">conn_handle</span>, <span style="color: #000000">&desc</span>); |
| <span style="color: #000000">assert</span>(<span style="color: #000000">rc</span> <span style="color: #000000">==</span> <span style="color: #1C01CE">0</span>); |
| <span style="color: #000000">bleprph_print_conn_desc</span>(<span style="color: #000000">&desc</span>); |
| <span style="color: #000000">BLEPRPH_LOG</span>(<span style="color: #000000">INFO</span>, <span style="color: #C41A16">"\n"</span>); |
| <span style="color: #A90D91">return</span> <span style="color: #1C01CE">0</span>; |
| |
| <span style="color: #A90D91">case</span> <span style="color: #000000">BLE_GAP_EVENT_SUBSCRIBE</span>: |
| <span style="color: #000000">BLEPRPH_LOG</span>(<span style="color: #000000">INFO</span>, <span style="color: #C41A16">"subscribe event; conn_handle=%d attr_handle=%d "</span> |
| <span style="color: #C41A16">"reason=%d prevn=%d curn=%d previ=%d curi=%d\n"</span>, |
| <span style="color: #000000">event->subscribe</span>.<span style="color: #000000">conn_handle</span>, |
| <span style="color: #000000">event->subscribe</span>.<span style="color: #000000">attr_handle</span>, |
| <span style="color: #000000">event->subscribe</span>.<span style="color: #000000">reason</span>, |
| <span style="color: #000000">event->subscribe</span>.<span style="color: #000000">prev_notify</span>, |
| <span style="color: #000000">event->subscribe</span>.<span style="color: #000000">cur_notify</span>, |
| <span style="color: #000000">event->subscribe</span>.<span style="color: #000000">prev_indicate</span>, |
| <span style="color: #000000">event->subscribe</span>.<span style="color: #000000">cur_indicate</span>); |
| <span style="color: #A90D91">return</span> <span style="color: #1C01CE">0</span>; |
| } |
| |
| <span style="color: #A90D91">return</span> <span style="color: #1C01CE">0</span>; |
| } |
| </code></pre></div> |
| |
| <p><br></p> |
| <p>Connection callbacks are used to communicate a variety of events related to a |
| connection. An application determines the type of event that occurred by |
| inspecting the value of the <em>event->type</em> parameter. The full list of event |
| codes can be found on the <a href="../../../network/ble/ble_hs/ble_gap/definitions/ble_gap_defs/">GAP events</a> page.</p> |
| <h4 id="guarantees">Guarantees</h4> |
| <p>It is important to know what your application code is allowed to do from within |
| a connection callback.</p> |
| <p><strong>No restrictions on NimBLE operations</strong></p> |
| <p>Your app is free to make calls into the NimBLE stack from within a connection |
| callback. <em>bleprph</em> takes advantage of this freedom when it resumes |
| advertising upon connection termination. All other NimBLE operations are also |
| allowed (service discovery, pairing initiation, etc).</p> |
| <p><strong>All context data is transient</strong></p> |
| <p>Pointers in the context object point to data living on the stack. Your |
| callback is free to read (or write, if appropriate) through these pointers, but |
| you should not store these pointers for later use. If your application needs |
| to retain some data from a context object, it needs to make a copy.</p> |
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