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| <div class="section" id="newtron-flash-filesystem-nffs"> |
| <h1>Newtron Flash Filesystem (nffs)<a class="headerlink" href="#newtron-flash-filesystem-nffs" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> |
| <p>Mynewt includes the Newtron Flash File System (nffs). This file system |
| is designed with two priorities that makes it suitable for embedded use:</p> |
| <ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p>Minimal RAM usage</p></li> |
| <li><p>Reliability</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>Mynewt also provides an abstraction layer API (fs) to allow you to swap |
| out nffs with a different file system of your choice.</p> |
| <div class="section" id="description"> |
| <h2>Description<a class="headerlink" href="#description" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <div class="section" id="areas"> |
| <h3>Areas<a class="headerlink" href="#areas" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>At the top level, an nffs disk is partitioned into <em>areas</em>. An area is a |
| region of disk with the following properties:</p> |
| <ol class="arabic simple"> |
| <li><p>An area can be fully erased without affecting any other areas.</p></li> |
| <li><p>Writing to one area does not restrict writes to other areas.</p></li> |
| </ol> |
| <p><strong>Regarding property 1:</strong> Generally, flash hardware divides its memory |
| space into “blocks.” When erasing flash, entire blocks must be erased in |
| a single operation; partial erases are not possible.</p> |
| <p><strong>Regarding property 2:</strong> Furthermore, some flash hardware imposes a |
| restriction with regards to writes: writes within a block must be |
| strictly sequential. For example, if you wish to write to the first 16 |
| bytes of a block, you must write bytes 1 through 15 before writing byte |
| 16. This restriction only applies at the block level; writes to one |
| block have no effect on what parts of other blocks can be written.</p> |
| <p>Thus, each area must comprise a discrete number of blocks.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="initialization"> |
| <h3>Initialization<a class="headerlink" href="#initialization" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>As part of overall system initialization, mynewt re-initialized the |
| filesystem as follows:</p> |
| <ol class="arabic simple"> |
| <li><p>Restores an existing file system via detection.</p></li> |
| <li><p>Creates a new file system via formatting.</p></li> |
| </ol> |
| <p>A typical initialization sequence is the following:</p> |
| <ol class="arabic simple"> |
| <li><p>Detect an nffs file system in a specific region of flash.</p></li> |
| <li><p>If no file system was detected, if configured to do so, format a new |
| file system in the same flash region.</p></li> |
| </ol> |
| <p>Note that in the latter case, the behavior is controlled with a variable |
| in the syscfg.yml file. If NFFS_DETECT_FAIL is set to 1, the system |
| ignores NFFS filesystem detection issues, but unless a new filesystem is |
| formatted manually, all filesystem access will fail. If |
| NFFS_DETECT_FAIL is set to 2, the system will format a new filesystem |
| - note however this effectively deletes all existing data in the NFFS |
| flash areas.</p> |
| <p>Both methods require the user to describe how the flash memory should be |
| divided into nffs areas. This is accomplished with an array of <a class="reference external" href="nffs_area_desc.html">struct |
| nffs_area_desc</a> configured as part of the BSP |
| configureation.</p> |
| <p>After nffs has been initialized, the application can access the file |
| system via the <a class="reference external" href="../fs/fs.html">file system abstraction layer</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="data-structures"> |
| <h2>Data Structures<a class="headerlink" href="#data-structures" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fs/nffs</span></code> package exposes the following data structures:</p> |
| <table class="docutils align-default"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 57%" /> |
| <col style="width: 43%" /> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Struct</p></th> |
| <th class="head"><p>Description</p></th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><p><a class="reference external" href="nffs_area_desc.html">struct nffs_area_desc</a></p></td> |
| <td><p>Descriptor for a single nffs area.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><a class="reference external" href="nffs_config.html">struct nffs_config</a></p></td> |
| <td><p>Configuration struct for nffs.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="miscellaneous-measures"> |
| <h2>Miscellaneous measures<a class="headerlink" href="#miscellaneous-measures" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p>RAM usage:</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li><p>24 bytes per inode</p></li> |
| <li><p>12 bytes per data block</p></li> |
| <li><p>36 bytes per inode cache entry</p></li> |
| <li><p>32 bytes per data block cache entry</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><p>Maximum filename size: 256 characters (no null terminator required)</p></li> |
| <li><p>Disallowed filename characters: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">\0</span></code></p></li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="internals"> |
| <h2>Internals<a class="headerlink" href="#internals" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>nffs implementation details can be found here:</p> |
| <ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p><a class="reference external" href="nffs_internals.html">nffs_internals</a></p></li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="future-enhancements"> |
| <h2>Future enhancements<a class="headerlink" href="#future-enhancements" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p>Error correction.</p></li> |
| <li><p>Encryption.</p></li> |
| <li><p>Compression.</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="api"> |
| <h2>API<a class="headerlink" href="#api" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <div class="breathe-sectiondef docutils container"> |
| <p class="breathe-sectiondef-title rubric" id="breathe-section-title-defines">Defines</p> |
| <dl class="c macro"> |
| <dt id="c.NFFS_FILENAME_MAX_LEN"> |
| <span class="target" id="nffs_8h_1a7165a9d8ddf806efd075dc411038f404"></span><code class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">NFFS_FILENAME_MAX_LEN</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#c.NFFS_FILENAME_MAX_LEN" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt> |
| <dd></dd></dl> |
| |
| <dl class="c macro"> |
| <dt id="c.NFFS_MAX_AREAS"> |
| <span class="target" id="nffs_8h_1ada177c73e8555570a99b2066ec16321e"></span><code class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">NFFS_MAX_AREAS</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#c.NFFS_MAX_AREAS" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt> |
| <dd></dd></dl> |
| |
| </div> |
| <div class="breathe-sectiondef docutils container"> |
| <p class="breathe-sectiondef-title rubric" id="breathe-section-title-functions">Functions</p> |
| <dl class="c function"> |
| <dt id="c.nffs_init"> |
| <span class="target" id="nffs_8h_1a037daa1834f8b5487e48950a4e6628fa"></span><span class="pre">int</span> <code class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">nffs_init</span></code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="pre">void</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.nffs_init" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt> |
| <dd></dd></dl> |
| |
| <dl class="c function"> |
| <dt id="c.nffs_detect"> |
| <span class="target" id="nffs_8h_1a83ae04c9725939fa14c1a2b64504fea3"></span><span class="pre">int</span> <code class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">nffs_detect</span></code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="property"><span class="pre">const</span></em> <em class="property"><span class="pre">struct</span></em> <a class="reference internal" href="#c.nffs_area_desc" title="nffs_area_desc"><span class="pre">nffs_area_desc</span></a> <span class="pre">*</span><em><span class="pre">area_descs</span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.nffs_detect" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt> |
| <dd></dd></dl> |
| |
| <dl class="c function"> |
| <dt id="c.nffs_format"> |
| <span class="target" id="nffs_8h_1a412bbdde1b8296c03a0e8b3bf597fbb5"></span><span class="pre">int</span> <code class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">nffs_format</span></code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="property"><span class="pre">const</span></em> <em class="property"><span class="pre">struct</span></em> <a class="reference internal" href="#c.nffs_area_desc" title="nffs_area_desc"><span class="pre">nffs_area_desc</span></a> <span class="pre">*</span><em><span class="pre">area_descs</span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.nffs_format" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt> |
| <dd></dd></dl> |
| |
| <dl class="c function"> |
| <dt id="c.nffs_misc_desc_from_flash_area"> |
| <span class="target" id="nffs_8h_1a165f1a37a4083ae95187016abadea162"></span><span class="pre">int</span> <code class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">nffs_misc_desc_from_flash_area</span></code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="pre">int</span> <em><span class="pre">idx</span></em>, <span class="pre">int</span> <span class="pre">*</span><em><span class="pre">cnt</span></em>, <em class="property"><span class="pre">struct</span></em> <a class="reference internal" href="#c.nffs_area_desc" title="nffs_area_desc"><span class="pre">nffs_area_desc</span></a> <span class="pre">*</span><em><span class="pre">nad</span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.nffs_misc_desc_from_flash_area" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt> |
| <dd></dd></dl> |
| |
| </div> |
| <div class="breathe-sectiondef docutils container"> |
| <p class="breathe-sectiondef-title rubric" id="breathe-section-title-variables">Variables</p> |
| <dl class="c var"> |
| <dt id="c.nffs_config"> |
| <span class="target" id="nffs_8h_1a1a16b761c50a83c25ffd465d558d6bb2"></span><em class="property"><span class="pre">struct</span></em> <a class="reference internal" href="#c.nffs_config" title="nffs_config"><span class="pre">nffs_config</span></a> <code class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">nffs_config</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#c.nffs_config" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt> |
| <dd></dd></dl> |
| |
| </div> |
| <dl class="c struct"> |
| <dt> |
| <span class="target" id="structnffs__config"></span><em class="property"><span class="pre">struct</span> </em><code class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">nffs_config</span></code><br /></dt> |
| <dd><em>#include <nffs.h></em><div class="breathe-sectiondef docutils container"> |
| <p class="breathe-sectiondef-title rubric" id="breathe-section-title-public-members">Public Members</p> |
| <dl class="c var"> |
| <dt id="c.nffs_config.nc_num_inodes"> |
| <span class="target" id="structnffs__config_1a4479129030847a79d4570022f84dff4b"></span><span class="pre">uint32_t</span> <code class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">nc_num_inodes</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#c.nffs_config.nc_num_inodes" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt> |
| <dd><p>Maximum number of inodes; default=1024. </p> |
| </dd></dl> |
| |
| <dl class="c var"> |
| <dt id="c.nffs_config.nc_num_blocks"> |
| <span class="target" id="structnffs__config_1a36394cea7be3a00b19dd3a25bc3638b1"></span><span class="pre">uint32_t</span> <code class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">nc_num_blocks</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#c.nffs_config.nc_num_blocks" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt> |
| <dd><p>Maximum number of data blocks; default=4096. </p> |
| </dd></dl> |
| |
| <dl class="c var"> |
| <dt id="c.nffs_config.nc_num_files"> |
| <span class="target" id="structnffs__config_1a73eb5761e5200380305c807e18d7db3c"></span><span class="pre">uint32_t</span> <code class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">nc_num_files</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#c.nffs_config.nc_num_files" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt> |
| <dd><p>Maximum number of open files; default=4. </p> |
| </dd></dl> |
| |
| <dl class="c var"> |
| <dt id="c.nffs_config.nc_num_dirs"> |
| <span class="target" id="structnffs__config_1ad82c4b704cae2cfb8bdbce7f26f685e9"></span><span class="pre">uint32_t</span> <code class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">nc_num_dirs</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#c.nffs_config.nc_num_dirs" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt> |
| <dd><p>Maximum number of open directories; default=4. </p> |
| </dd></dl> |
| |
| <dl class="c var"> |
| <dt id="c.nffs_config.nc_num_cache_inodes"> |
| <span class="target" id="structnffs__config_1a4178d3a71edc6cdf7f8a53f5a7a8406d"></span><span class="pre">uint32_t</span> <code class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">nc_num_cache_inodes</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#c.nffs_config.nc_num_cache_inodes" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt> |
| <dd><p>Inode cache size; default=4. </p> |
| </dd></dl> |
| |
| <dl class="c var"> |
| <dt id="c.nffs_config.nc_num_cache_blocks"> |
| <span class="target" id="structnffs__config_1aa9a848e68cb85d4a3c4270262004ce1f"></span><span class="pre">uint32_t</span> <code class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">nc_num_cache_blocks</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#c.nffs_config.nc_num_cache_blocks" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt> |
| <dd><p>Data block cache size; default=64. </p> |
| </dd></dl> |
| |
| </div> |
| </dd></dl> |
| |
| <dl class="c struct"> |
| <dt id="c.nffs_area_desc"> |
| <span class="target" id="structnffs__area__desc"></span><em class="property"><span class="pre">struct</span> </em><code class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">nffs_area_desc</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#c.nffs_area_desc" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt> |
| <dd><em>#include <nffs.h></em><div class="breathe-sectiondef docutils container"> |
| <p class="breathe-sectiondef-title rubric" id="breathe-section-title-public-members">Public Members</p> |
| <dl class="c var"> |
| <dt id="c.nffs_area_desc.nad_offset"> |
| <span class="target" id="structnffs__area__desc_1a18cba47a9191dc2353c48392081ecc0d"></span><span class="pre">uint32_t</span> <code class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">nad_offset</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#c.nffs_area_desc.nad_offset" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt> |
| <dd></dd></dl> |
| |
| <dl class="c var"> |
| <dt id="c.nffs_area_desc.nad_length"> |
| <span class="target" id="structnffs__area__desc_1ac69d607a6a4681fd146af743dfa6f90c"></span><span class="pre">uint32_t</span> <code class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">nad_length</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#c.nffs_area_desc.nad_length" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt> |
| <dd></dd></dl> |
| |
| <dl class="c var"> |
| <dt id="c.nffs_area_desc.nad_flash_id"> |
| <span class="target" id="structnffs__area__desc_1a6e5d691742f2988b24cf999b84bc55f7"></span><span class="pre">uint8_t</span> <code class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">nad_flash_id</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#c.nffs_area_desc.nad_flash_id" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt> |
| <dd></dd></dl> |
| |
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