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| <h4>Latest News:</h4> <a href="/download">Apache Mynewt 1.11.0, Apache NimBLE 1.6.0 </a> released (September 7, 2023) |
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| Version 1.0.0 is not the most recent version of the Apache Mynewt |
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| <h1 id="porting-mynewt-os">Porting Mynewt OS</h1> |
| <p>This chapter describes how to adapt the Mynewt OS to different platforms.</p> |
| <h3 id="description">Description</h3> |
| <p>The Mynewt OS is a complete multi-tasking environment with scheduler, time |
| control, buffer management, and synchronization objects. it also includes |
| libraries and services like console, command shell, image manager, |
| bootloader, and file systems etc.</p> |
| <p>Thee majority of this software is platform independent and requires no |
| intervention to run on your platform, but some of the components require |
| support from the underlying platform.</p> |
| <p>The platform dependency of these components can fall into several categories:</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li><strong>CPU Core Dependencies</strong> -- Specific code or |
| configuration to operate the CPU core within your target platform</li> |
| <li><strong>MCU Dependencies</strong> -- Specific code or configuration to operate the MCU or |
| SoC within your target platform</li> |
| <li><strong>BSP Dependencies</strong> -- Specific code or configuration to accommodate the |
| specific layout and functionality of your target platform</li> |
| </ul> |
| <h3 id="board-support-package-bsp-dependency">Board Support Package (BSP) Dependency</h3> |
| <p>With all of the functionality provided by the core, MCU, and MCU HAL (Hardware Abstraction Layer), |
| there are still some things that must be specified for your particular system. This |
| is provided in Mynewt to allow you the flexibility to design for the exact |
| functionality, peripherals and features that you require in your product. </p> |
| <p>In Mynewt, these settings/components are included in a Board Support Package |
| (BSP). The BSP contains the information specific to running Mynewt on a target |
| platform or hardware board. Mynewt supports some common open source hardware as well |
| as the development boards for some common MCUs. These development systems |
| might be enough for you to get your prototype up and running, but when building |
| a product you are likely going to have your own board which is slightly different |
| from those already supported by Mynewt.</p> |
| <p>For example, you might decide on your system that 16 Kilobytes of flash space |
| in one flash device is reserved for a flash file system. Or on your system |
| you may decide that GPIO pin 5 of the MCU is connected to the system LED. Or |
| you may decide that the OS Tick (the underlying time source for the OS) should |
| run slower than the defaults to conserve battery power. These types of |
| behaviors are specified in the BSP. </p> |
| <p>The information provided in the BSP (what you need to specify to get a |
| complete executable) can vary depending on the MCU and its underlying core |
| architecture. For example, some MCUs have dedicated pins for UART, SPI etc, |
| so there is no configuration required in the BSP when using these peripherals. |
| However some MCUs have a pin multiplexor that allows the UART to be mapped to |
| several different pins. For these MCUs, the BSP must specify if and where |
| the UART pins should appear to match the hardware layout of your system.</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>If your BSP is already supported my Mynewt, there is no additional BSP work involved in porting to your platform.<br /> |
| You need only set the <code>bsp</code> attribute in your Mynewt target using the <a href="../../../newt/newt_intro">newt command tool</a>.</li> |
| <li>If your BSP is not yet supported by Mynewt, you can add support by following the instructions on <a href="../port_bsp/">how to add BSP support to Mynewt</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| <h3 id="mcu-dependency">MCU Dependency</h3> |
| <p>Some OS code depends on the MCU or SoC that the system contains. For example, the MCU may specify |
| the potential memory map of the system - where code and data can reside.</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>If your MCU is already supported by Mynewt, there is no additional MCU work involved in |
| porting to your platform. You need only set the <code>arch</code> attribute in your Mynewt target |
| using the <a href="../../../newt/newt_intro">newt command tool</a>.</li> |
| <li>If your MCU is not yet supported by Mynewt, you can add support by following the |
| instructions on <a href="../port_mcu/">how to add MCU support to Mynewt</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| <h3 id="mcu-hardware-abstraction-layer-hal">MCU Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL)</h3> |
| <p>Mynewt's architecture supports a hardware abstraction layer (HAL) for common on or off-chip MCU peripherals |
| such as GPIO, UARTs, flash memory etc. Even if your MCU is supported for the core OS, |
| you may find that you need to implement the HAL functionality for a new peripheral. |
| For a description of the HAL abstraction and implementation information, |
| see the <a href="../../../modules/hal/hal/">HAL API</a></p> |
| <h3 id="cpu-core-dependency">CPU Core Dependency</h3> |
| <p>Some OS code depends on the CPU core that your system is using. For example, a given CPU core |
| has a specific assembly language instruction set, and may require special cross compiler or |
| compiler settings to use the appropriate instruction set. </p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>If your CPU architecture is already supported by Mynewt, there is no CPU core work involved |
| in porting to your platform. You need only set the <code>arch</code> and <code>compiler</code> attributes in your |
| Mynewt target using the <a href="../../../newt/newt_intro">newt command tool</a>.</li> |
| <li>If your CPU architecture is not supported by Mynewt, you can add support by following the |
| instructions on <a href="../port_cpu/">how to add CPU architecture support to Mynewt</a></li> |
| </ul> |
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