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| <div class="section" id="hardware-abstraction-layer"> |
| <h1>Hardware Abstraction Layer<a class="headerlink" href="#hardware-abstraction-layer" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> |
| <div class="toctree-wrapper compound"> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="description"> |
| <h2>Description<a class="headerlink" href="#description" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>The Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) in Mynewt is a low-level, base |
| peripheral abstraction. HAL provides a core set of services that is |
| implemented for each MCU supported by Mynewt. Device drivers are |
| typically the software libraries that initialize the hardware and manage |
| access to the hardware by higher layers of software. In the Mynewt OS, |
| the layers can be depicted in the following manner.</p> |
| <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>+———————————————————————————+ |
| | app | |
| +———————————————————————————+ |
| | (n)drivers | |
| +———————————————————————————+ |
| | HAL | BSP | |
| +—————————————+—————————————+ |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p>The Board Support Package (BSP) abstracts board specific |
| configurations e.g. CPU frequency, input voltage, LED pins, on-chip |
| flash map etc.</p></li> |
| <li><p>The Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) abstracts architecture-specific |
| functionality. It initializes and enables components within a master |
| processor. It is designed to be portable across all the various MCUs |
| supported in Mynewt (e.g. Nordic’s nRF51, Nordic’s nRF52, NXP’s |
| MK64F12 etc.). It includes code that initializes and manages access |
| to components of the board such as board buses (I2C, PCI, PCMCIA, |
| etc.), off-chip memory (controllers, level 2+ cache, Flash, etc.), |
| and off-chip I/O (Ethernet, RS-232, display, mouse, etc.)</p></li> |
| <li><p>The driver sits atop the BSP and HAL. It abstracts the common modes |
| of operation for each peripheral device connected via the standard |
| interfaces to the processor. There may be multiple driver |
| implementations of differing complexities for a particular peripheral |
| device. The drivers are the ones that register with the kernel’s |
| power management APIs, and manage turning on and off peripherals and |
| external chipsets, etc.</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="general-design-principles"> |
| <h2>General design principles<a class="headerlink" href="#general-design-principles" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p>The HAL API should be simple. It should be as easy to implement for |
| hardware as possible. A simple HAL API makes it easy to bring up new |
| MCUs quickly.</p></li> |
| <li><p>The HAL API should portable across all the various MCUs supported in |
| Mynewt (e.g. Nordic’s nRF51, Nordic’s nRF52, NXP’s MK64F12 etc.).</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="example"> |
| <h2>Example<a class="headerlink" href="#example" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>A Mynewt contributor might write a light-switch driver that provides the |
| functionality of an intelligent light switch. This might involve using a |
| timer, a General Purpose Output (GPO) to set the light to the on or off |
| state, and flash memory to log the times the lights were turned on or |
| off. The contributor would like this package to work with as many |
| different hardware platforms as possible, but can’t possibly test across |
| the complete set of hardware supported by Mynewt.</p> |
| <p><strong>Solution</strong>: The contributor uses the HAL APIs to control the |
| peripherals. The Mynewt team ensures that the underlying HAL devices all |
| work equivalently through the HAL APIs. The contributors library is |
| independent of the specifics of the hardware.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="dependency"> |
| <h2>Dependency<a class="headerlink" href="#dependency" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>To include the HAL within your project, simply add it to your package |
| dependencies as follows:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-console notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="go">pkg.deps:</span> |
| <span class="go"> . . .</span> |
| <span class="go"> hw/hal</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="platform-support"> |
| <h2>Platform Support<a class="headerlink" href="#platform-support" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>Not all platforms (MCU and BSP) support all HAL devices. Consult your |
| MCU or BSP documentation to find out if you have hardware support for |
| the peripherals you are interested in using. Once you verify support, |
| then consult the MCU implementation and see if the specific HAL |
| interface (xxxx) you are using is in the |
| <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mcu/<mcu-name>/src/hal_xxxx.c</span></code> implementation. Finally, you can build |
| your project and ensure that there are no unresolved hal_xxxx |
| externals.</p> |
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