Makefile - mxnet - Git at Google

 # Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 # or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 # distributed with this work for additional information
 # regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 # to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 # "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 # with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 #
 #   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 #
 # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 # software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 # "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 # KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 # specific language governing permissions and limitations
 # under the License.

 ROOTDIR = $(CURDIR)

 SCALA_VERSION_PROFILE := scala-2.11

 ifeq ($(OS),Windows_NT)
 	UNAME_S := Windows
 else
 	UNAME_S := $(shell uname -s)
 endif

 ifndef config
 ifdef CXXNET_CONFIG
 	config = $(CXXNET_CONFIG)
 else ifneq ("$(wildcard ./config.mk)","")
 	config = config.mk
 else
 	config = make/config.mk
 endif
 endif

 ifndef DMLC_CORE
 	DMLC_CORE = $(ROOTDIR)/dmlc-core
 endif
 CORE_INC = $(wildcard $(DMLC_CORE)/include/*/*.h)

 ifndef NNVM_PATH
 	NNVM_PATH = $(ROOTDIR)/nnvm
 endif

 ifndef DLPACK_PATH
 	DLPACK_PATH = $(ROOTDIR)/dlpack
 endif

 ifndef AMALGAMATION_PATH
 	AMALGAMATION_PATH = $(ROOTDIR)/amalgamation
 endif

 ifneq ($(USE_OPENMP), 1)
 	export NO_OPENMP = 1
 endif

 # use customized config file
 include $(config)

 ifeq ($(USE_MKL2017), 1)
 $(warning "USE_MKL2017 is deprecated. We will switch to USE_MKLDNN.")
 	USE_MKLDNN=1
 endif

 ifeq ($(USE_MKLDNN), 1)
 	RETURN_STRING := $(shell ./prepare_mkldnn.sh $(MKLDNN_ROOT))
 	LAST_WORD_INDEX := $(words $(RETURN_STRING))
 	# fetch the 2nd last word as MKLDNNROOT
 	MKLDNNROOT := $(word $(shell echo $$(($(LAST_WORD_INDEX) - 1))),$(RETURN_STRING))
 	MKLROOT := $(lastword $(RETURN_STRING))
 	export USE_MKLML = 1
 endif

 include mshadow/make/mshadow.mk
 include $(DMLC_CORE)/make/dmlc.mk

 # all tge possible warning tread
 WARNFLAGS= -Wall -Wsign-compare
 CFLAGS = -DMSHADOW_FORCE_STREAM $(WARNFLAGS)

 ifeq ($(DEV), 1)
 	CFLAGS += -g -Werror
 	NVCCFLAGS += -Werror cross-execution-space-call
 endif

 # CFLAGS for debug
 ifeq ($(DEBUG), 1)
 	CFLAGS += -g -O0
 else
 	CFLAGS += -O3 -DNDEBUG=1
 endif
 CFLAGS += -I$(ROOTDIR)/mshadow/ -I$(ROOTDIR)/dmlc-core/include -fPIC -I$(NNVM_PATH)/include -I$(DLPACK_PATH)/include -I$(NNVM_PATH)/tvm/include -Iinclude $(MSHADOW_CFLAGS)
 LDFLAGS = -pthread $(MSHADOW_LDFLAGS) $(DMLC_LDFLAGS)
 ifeq ($(DEBUG), 1)
 	NVCCFLAGS += -std=c++11 -Xcompiler -D_FORCE_INLINES -g -G -O0 -ccbin $(CXX) $(MSHADOW_NVCCFLAGS)
 else
 	NVCCFLAGS += -std=c++11 -Xcompiler -D_FORCE_INLINES -O3 -ccbin $(CXX) $(MSHADOW_NVCCFLAGS)
 endif

 # CFLAGS for profiler
 ifeq ($(USE_PROFILER), 1)
 	CFLAGS += -DMXNET_USE_PROFILER=1
 endif

 # CFLAGS for segfault logger
 ifeq ($(USE_SIGNAL_HANDLER), 1)
 	CFLAGS += -DMXNET_USE_SIGNAL_HANDLER=1
 endif

 # Caffe Plugin
 ifdef CAFFE_PATH
 	CFLAGS += -DMXNET_USE_CAFFE=1
 endif

 ifndef LINT_LANG
 	LINT_LANG="all"
 endif

 ifeq ($(USE_MKLDNN), 1)
 	CFLAGS += -DMXNET_USE_MKLDNN=1
 	CFLAGS += -DUSE_MKL=1
 	CFLAGS += -I$(ROOTDIR)/src/operator/nn/mkldnn/
 	ifneq ($(MKLDNNROOT), $(MKLROOT))
 		CFLAGS += -I$(MKLROOT)/include
 		LDFLAGS += -L$(MKLROOT)/lib
 	endif
 	CFLAGS += -I$(MKLDNNROOT)/include
 	LDFLAGS += -L$(MKLDNNROOT)/lib -lmkldnn -Wl,-rpath,'$${ORIGIN}'
 endif

 # setup opencv
 ifeq ($(USE_OPENCV), 1)
 	CFLAGS += -DMXNET_USE_OPENCV=1 $(shell pkg-config --cflags opencv)
 	LDFLAGS += $(filter-out -lopencv_ts, $(shell pkg-config --libs opencv))
 	BIN += bin/im2rec
 else
 	CFLAGS+= -DMXNET_USE_OPENCV=0
 endif

 ifeq ($(USE_OPENMP), 1)
 	ifneq ($(UNAME_S), Darwin)
 		CFLAGS += -fopenmp
 	endif
 endif

 ifeq ($(USE_NNPACK), 1)
 	CFLAGS += -DMXNET_USE_NNPACK=1
 	LDFLAGS += -lnnpack
 endif

 ifeq ($(USE_OPERATOR_TUNING), 1)
 	CFLAGS += -DMXNET_USE_OPERATOR_TUNING=1
 endif

 # verify existence of separate lapack library when using blas/openblas/atlas
 # switch off lapack support in case it can't be found
 # issue covered with this
 #   -  for Ubuntu 14.04 or lower, lapack is not automatically installed with openblas
 #   -  for Ubuntu, installing atlas will not automatically install the atlas provided lapack library
 # silently switching lapack off instead of letting the build fail because of backward compatibility
 ifeq ($(USE_LAPACK), 1)
 ifeq ($(USE_BLAS),$(filter $(USE_BLAS),blas openblas atlas mkl))
 ifeq (,$(wildcard /lib/liblapack.a))
 ifeq (,$(wildcard /usr/lib/liblapack.a))
 ifeq (,$(wildcard /usr/lib64/liblapack.a))
 ifeq (,$(wildcard $(USE_LAPACK_PATH)/liblapack.a))
 	USE_LAPACK = 0
         $(warning "USE_LAPACK disabled because libraries were not found")
 endif
 endif
 endif
 endif
 endif
 endif

 # lapack settings.
 ifeq ($(USE_LAPACK), 1)
 	ifneq ($(USE_LAPACK_PATH), )
 		LDFLAGS += -L$(USE_LAPACK_PATH)
 	endif
 	ifeq ($(USE_BLAS),$(filter $(USE_BLAS),blas openblas atlas mkl))
 		LDFLAGS += -llapack
 	endif
 	CFLAGS += -DMXNET_USE_LAPACK
 endif

 ifeq ($(USE_CUDNN), 1)
 	CFLAGS += -DMSHADOW_USE_CUDNN=1
 	LDFLAGS += -lcudnn
 endif

 # gperftools malloc library (tcmalloc)
 ifeq ($(USE_GPERFTOOLS), 1)
 #	FIND_LIBNAME=tcmalloc_and_profiler
 	FIND_LIBNAME=tcmalloc
 	FIND_LIBFILEEXT=so
 	FIND_LIBFILE=$(wildcard /lib/lib$(FIND_LIBNAME).$(FIND_LIBFILEEXT))
 	ifeq (,$(FIND_LIBFILE))
 		FIND_LIBFILE=$(wildcard /usr/lib/lib$(FIND_LIBNAME).$(FIND_LIBFILEEXT))
 		ifeq (,$(FIND_LIBFILE))
 			FIND_LIBFILE=$(wildcard /usr/local/lib/lib$(FIND_LIBNAME).$(FIND_LIBFILEEXT))
 			ifeq (,$(FIND_LIBFILE))
 				USE_GPERFTOOLS=0
 			endif
 		endif
 	endif
 	ifeq ($(USE_GPERFTOOLS), 1)
 		CFLAGS += -fno-builtin-malloc -fno-builtin-calloc -fno-builtin-realloc -fno-builtin-free
 		LDFLAGS += $(FIND_LIBFILE)
 	endif
 endif

 # jemalloc malloc library (if not using gperftools)
 ifneq ($(USE_GPERFTOOLS), 1)
 	ifeq ($(USE_JEMALLOC), 1)
 		FIND_LIBNAME=jemalloc
 		FIND_LIBFILEEXT=so
 		FIND_LIBFILE=$(wildcard /lib/lib$(FIND_LIBNAME).$(FIND_LIBFILEEXT))
 		ifeq (,$(FIND_LIBFILE))
 			FIND_LIBFILE=$(wildcard /usr/lib/lib$(FIND_LIBNAME).$(FIND_LIBFILEEXT))
 			ifeq (,$(FIND_LIBFILE))
 				FIND_LIBFILE=$(wildcard /usr/local/lib/lib$(FIND_LIBNAME).$(FIND_LIBFILEEXT))
 				ifeq (,$(FIND_LIBFILE))
 					FIND_LIBFILE=$(wildcard /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/lib$(FIND_LIBNAME).$(FIND_LIBFILEEXT))
 					ifeq (,$(FIND_LIBFILE))
 						USE_JEMALLOC=0
 					endif
 				endif
 			endif
 		endif
 		ifeq ($(USE_JEMALLOC), 1)
 			CFLAGS += -fno-builtin-malloc -fno-builtin-calloc -fno-builtin-realloc \
 			-fno-builtin-free -DUSE_JEMALLOC
 			LDFLAGS += $(FIND_LIBFILE)
 		endif
 	endif
 endif

 # If not using tcmalloc or jemalloc, print a warning (user should consider installing)
 ifneq ($(USE_GPERFTOOLS), 1)
 	ifneq ($(USE_JEMALLOC), 1)
 $(warning WARNING: Significant performance increases can be achieved by installing and \
 enabling gperftools or jemalloc development packages)
 	endif
 endif

 ifeq ($(USE_THREADED_ENGINE), 1)
 	CFLAGS += -DMXNET_USE_THREADED_ENGINE
 endif

 ifneq ($(ADD_CFLAGS), NONE)
 	CFLAGS += $(ADD_CFLAGS)
 endif

 ifneq ($(ADD_LDFLAGS), NONE)
 	LDFLAGS += $(ADD_LDFLAGS)
 endif

 ifneq ($(USE_CUDA_PATH), NONE)
 	NVCC=$(USE_CUDA_PATH)/bin/nvcc
 endif

 # Sets 'CUDA_ARCH', which determines the GPU architectures supported
 # by the compiled kernels.  Users can edit the KNOWN_CUDA_ARCHS list below
 # to remove archs they don't wish to support to speed compilation, or they can
 # pre-set the CUDA_ARCH args in config.mk to a non-null value for full control.
 #
 # For archs in this list, nvcc will create a fat-binary that will include
 # the binaries (SASS) for all architectures supported by the installed version
 # of the cuda toolkit, plus the assembly (PTX) for the most recent such architecture.
 # If these kernels are then run on a newer-architecture GPU, the binary will
 # be JIT-compiled by the updated driver from the included PTX.
 ifeq ($(USE_CUDA), 1)
 ifeq ($(CUDA_ARCH),)
 	KNOWN_CUDA_ARCHS := 30 35 50 52 60 61 70
 	# Run nvcc on a zero-length file to check architecture-level support.
 	# Create args to include SASS in the fat binary for supported levels.
 	CUDA_ARCH := $(foreach arch,$(KNOWN_CUDA_ARCHS), \
 				$(shell $(NVCC) -arch=sm_$(arch) -E --x cu /dev/null >/dev/null 2>&1 && \
 						echo -gencode arch=compute_$(arch),code=sm_$(arch)))
 	# Convert a trailing "code=sm_NN" to "code=[sm_NN,compute_NN]" to also
 	# include the PTX of the most recent arch in the fat-binaries for
 	# forward compatibility with newer GPUs.
 	CUDA_ARCH := $(shell echo $(CUDA_ARCH) | sed 's/sm_\([0-9]*\)$$/[sm_\1,compute_\1]/')
 	# Add fat binary compression if supported by nvcc.
 	COMPRESS := --fatbin-options -compress-all
 	CUDA_ARCH += $(shell $(NVCC) -cuda $(COMPRESS) --x cu /dev/null -o /dev/null >/dev/null 2>&1 && \
 						 echo $(COMPRESS))
 endif
 $(info Running CUDA_ARCH: $(CUDA_ARCH))
 endif

 # ps-lite
 PS_PATH=$(ROOTDIR)/ps-lite
 DEPS_PATH=$(shell pwd)/deps
 include $(PS_PATH)/make/ps.mk
 ifeq ($(USE_DIST_KVSTORE), 1)
 	CFLAGS += -DMXNET_USE_DIST_KVSTORE -I$(PS_PATH)/include -I$(DEPS_PATH)/include
 	LIB_DEP += $(PS_PATH)/build/libps.a
 	LDFLAGS += $(PS_LDFLAGS_A)
 endif

 .PHONY: clean all extra-packages test lint docs clean_all rcpplint rcppexport roxygen\
 	cython2 cython3 cython cyclean

 all: lib/libmxnet.a lib/libmxnet.so $(BIN) extra-packages

 SRC = $(wildcard src/*/*/*/*.cc src/*/*/*.cc src/*/*.cc src/*.cc)
 OBJ = $(patsubst %.cc, build/%.o, $(SRC))
 CUSRC = $(wildcard src/*/*/*/*.cu src/*/*/*.cu src/*/*.cu src/*.cu)
 CUOBJ = $(patsubst %.cu, build/%_gpu.o, $(CUSRC))

 # extra operators
 ifneq ($(EXTRA_OPERATORS),)
 	EXTRA_SRC = $(wildcard $(patsubst %, %/*.cc, $(EXTRA_OPERATORS)) $(patsubst %, %/*/*.cc, $(EXTRA_OPERATORS)))
 	EXTRA_OBJ = $(patsubst %.cc, %.o, $(EXTRA_SRC))
 	EXTRA_CUSRC = $(wildcard $(patsubst %, %/*.cu, $(EXTRA_OPERATORS)) $(patsubst %, %/*/*.cu, $(EXTRA_OPERATORS)))
 	EXTRA_CUOBJ = $(patsubst %.cu, %_gpu.o, $(EXTRA_CUSRC))
 else
 	EXTRA_SRC =
 	EXTRA_OBJ =
 	EXTRA_CUSRC =
 	EXTRA_CUOBJ =
 endif

 # plugin
 PLUGIN_OBJ =
 PLUGIN_CUOBJ =
 include $(MXNET_PLUGINS)

 ifeq ($(UNAME_S), Windows)
 	# TODO(yizhi) currently scala package does not support windows
 	SCALA_PKG_PROFILE := windows
 else
 	ifeq ($(UNAME_S), Darwin)
 		WHOLE_ARCH= -all_load
 		NO_WHOLE_ARCH= -noall_load
 		SCALA_PKG_PROFILE := osx-x86_64
 	else
 		WHOLE_ARCH= --whole-archive
 		NO_WHOLE_ARCH= --no-whole-archive
 		SCALA_PKG_PROFILE := linux-x86_64
 	endif
 endif

 # all dep
 LIB_DEP += $(DMLC_CORE)/libdmlc.a $(NNVM_PATH)/lib/libnnvm.a
 ALL_DEP = $(OBJ) $(EXTRA_OBJ) $(PLUGIN_OBJ) $(LIB_DEP)

 ifeq ($(USE_CUDA), 1)
 	CFLAGS += -I$(ROOTDIR)/3rdparty/cub
 	ALL_DEP += $(CUOBJ) $(EXTRA_CUOBJ) $(PLUGIN_CUOBJ)
 	LDFLAGS += -lcufft
 	ifeq ($(ENABLE_CUDA_RTC), 1)
 		LDFLAGS += -lcuda -lnvrtc
 		CFLAGS += -DMXNET_ENABLE_CUDA_RTC=1
 	endif
 	# Make sure to add stubs as fallback in order to be able to build
 	# without full CUDA install (especially if run without nvidia-docker)
 	LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/cuda/lib64/stubs
 	SCALA_PKG_PROFILE := $(SCALA_PKG_PROFILE)-gpu
 	ifeq ($(USE_NCCL), 1)
 		ifneq ($(USE_NCCL_PATH), NONE)
 			CFLAGS += -I$(USE_NCCL_PATH)/include
 			LDFLAGS += -L$(USE_NCCL_PATH)/lib
 		endif
 		LDFLAGS += -lnccl
 		CFLAGS += -DMXNET_USE_NCCL=1
 	else
 		CFLAGS += -DMXNET_USE_NCCL=0
 	endif
 else
 	SCALA_PKG_PROFILE := $(SCALA_PKG_PROFILE)-cpu
 	CFLAGS += -DMXNET_USE_NCCL=0
 endif

 ifeq ($(USE_LIBJPEG_TURBO), 1)
 	ifneq ($(USE_LIBJPEG_TURBO_PATH), NONE)
 		CFLAGS += -I$(USE_LIBJPEG_TURBO_PATH)/include
 		LDFLAGS += -L$(USE_LIBJPEG_TURBO_PATH)/lib
 	endif
 	LDFLAGS += -lturbojpeg
 	CFLAGS += -DMXNET_USE_LIBJPEG_TURBO=1
 else
 	CFLAGS += -DMXNET_USE_LIBJPEG_TURBO=0
 endif

 # For quick compile test, used smaller subset
 ALLX_DEP= $(ALL_DEP)

 build/src/%.o: src/%.cc
 	@mkdir -p $(@D)
 	$(CXX) -std=c++11 -c $(CFLAGS) -MMD -c $< -o $@

 build/src/%_gpu.o: src/%.cu
 	@mkdir -p $(@D)
 	$(NVCC) $(NVCCFLAGS) $(CUDA_ARCH) -Xcompiler "$(CFLAGS)" -M -MT build/src/$*_gpu.o $< >build/src/$*_gpu.d
 	$(NVCC) -c -o $@ $(NVCCFLAGS) $(CUDA_ARCH) -Xcompiler "$(CFLAGS)" $<

 # A nvcc bug cause it to generate "generic/xxx.h" dependencies from torch headers.
 # Use CXX to generate dependency instead.
 build/plugin/%_gpu.o: plugin/%.cu
 	@mkdir -p $(@D)
 	$(CXX) -std=c++11 $(CFLAGS) -MM -MT build/plugin/$*_gpu.o $< >build/plugin/$*_gpu.d
 	$(NVCC) -c -o $@ $(NVCCFLAGS) $(CUDA_ARCH) -Xcompiler "$(CFLAGS)" $<

 build/plugin/%.o: plugin/%.cc
 	@mkdir -p $(@D)
 	$(CXX) -std=c++11 -c $(CFLAGS) -MMD -c $< -o $@

 %_gpu.o: %.cu
 	@mkdir -p $(@D)
 	$(NVCC) $(NVCCFLAGS) $(CUDA_ARCH) -Xcompiler "$(CFLAGS) -Isrc/operator" -M -MT $*_gpu.o $< >$*_gpu.d
 	$(NVCC) -c -o $@ $(NVCCFLAGS) $(CUDA_ARCH) -Xcompiler "$(CFLAGS) -Isrc/operator" $<

 %.o: %.cc $(CORE_INC)
 	@mkdir -p $(@D)
 	$(CXX) -std=c++11 -c $(CFLAGS) -MMD -Isrc/operator -c $< -o $@

 # NOTE: to statically link libmxnet.a we need the option
 # --Wl,--whole-archive -lmxnet --Wl,--no-whole-archive
 lib/libmxnet.a: $(ALLX_DEP)
 	@mkdir -p $(@D)
 	ar crv $@ $(filter %.o, $?)

 lib/libmxnet.so: $(ALLX_DEP)
 	@mkdir -p $(@D)
 	$(CXX) $(CFLAGS) -shared -o $@ $(filter-out %libnnvm.a, $(filter %.o %.a, $^)) $(LDFLAGS) \
 	-Wl,${WHOLE_ARCH} $(filter %libnnvm.a, $^) -Wl,${NO_WHOLE_ARCH}
 ifeq ($(USE_MKLDNN), 1)
 ifeq ($(UNAME_S), Darwin)
 	install_name_tool -change '@rpath/libmklml.dylib' '@loader_path/libmklml.dylib' lib/libmxnet.so
 	install_name_tool -change '@rpath/libiomp5.dylib' '@loader_path/libiomp5.dylib' lib/libmxnet.so
 	install_name_tool -change '@rpath/libmkldnn.0.dylib' '@loader_path/libmkldnn.0.dylib' lib/libmxnet.so
 endif
 endif

 $(PS_PATH)/build/libps.a: PSLITE

 PSLITE:
 	$(MAKE) CXX=$(CXX) DEPS_PATH=$(DEPS_PATH) -C $(PS_PATH) ps

 $(DMLC_CORE)/libdmlc.a: DMLCCORE

 DMLCCORE:
 	+ cd $(DMLC_CORE); $(MAKE) libdmlc.a USE_SSE=$(USE_SSE) config=$(ROOTDIR)/$(config); cd $(ROOTDIR)

 NNVM_INC = $(wildcard $(NNVM_PATH)/include/*/*.h)
 NNVM_SRC = $(wildcard $(NNVM_PATH)/src/*/*/*.cc $(NNVM_PATH)/src/*/*.cc $(NNVM_PATH)/src/*.cc)
 $(NNVM_PATH)/lib/libnnvm.a: $(NNVM_INC) $(NNVM_SRC)
 	+ cd $(NNVM_PATH); $(MAKE) lib/libnnvm.a DMLC_CORE_PATH=$(DMLC_CORE); cd $(ROOTDIR)

 bin/im2rec: tools/im2rec.cc $(ALLX_DEP)

 $(BIN) :
 	@mkdir -p $(@D)
 	$(CXX) $(CFLAGS) -std=c++11  -o $@ $(filter %.cpp %.o %.c %.a %.cc, $^) $(LDFLAGS)

 # CPP Package
 ifeq ($(USE_CPP_PACKAGE), 1)
 include cpp-package/cpp-package.mk
 endif

 include tests/cpp/unittest.mk

 extra-packages: $(EXTRA_PACKAGES)

 test: $(TEST)

 lint: cpplint rcpplint jnilint pylint

 cpplint:
 	dmlc-core/scripts/lint.py mxnet cpp include src plugin cpp-package tests \
 	--exclude_path src/operator/contrib/ctc_include

 pylint:
 	pylint --rcfile=$(ROOTDIR)/tests/ci_build/pylintrc --ignore-patterns=".*\.so$$,.*\.dll$$,.*\.dylib$$" python/mxnet tools/caffe_converter/*.py

 doc: docs

 docs:
 	make -C docs html

 clean_docs:
 	make -C docs clean

 doxygen:
 	doxygen docs/Doxyfile

 # Cython build
 cython:
 	cd python; python setup.py build_ext --inplace --with-cython

 cython2:
 	cd python; python2 setup.py build_ext --inplace --with-cython

 cython3:
 	cd python; python3 setup.py build_ext --inplace --with-cython

 cyclean:
 	rm -rf python/mxnet/*/*.so python/mxnet/*/*.cpp

 # R related shortcuts
 rcpplint:
 	dmlc-core/scripts/lint.py mxnet-rcpp ${LINT_LANG} R-package/src

 rpkg:
 	mkdir -p R-package/inst
 	mkdir -p R-package/inst/libs
 	cp src/io/image_recordio.h R-package/src
 	cp -rf lib/libmxnet.so R-package/inst/libs
 	mkdir -p R-package/inst/include
 	cp -rf include/* R-package/inst/include
 	cp -rf dmlc-core/include/* R-package/inst/include/
 	cp -rf nnvm/include/* R-package/inst/include
 	Rscript -e "if(!require(devtools)){install.packages('devtools', repo = 'https://cloud.r-project.org/')}"
 	Rscript -e "library(devtools); library(methods); options(repos=c(CRAN='https://cloud.r-project.org/')); install_deps(pkg='R-package', dependencies = TRUE)"
 	echo "import(Rcpp)" > R-package/NAMESPACE
 	echo "import(methods)" >> R-package/NAMESPACE
 	R CMD INSTALL R-package
 	Rscript -e "require(mxnet); mxnet:::mxnet.export('R-package')"
 	rm -rf R-package/NAMESPACE
 	Rscript -e "if (!require('roxygen2')||packageVersion('roxygen2')!= '5.0.1'){\
 	devtools::install_version('roxygen2',version='5.0.1',\
 	repo='https://cloud.r-project.org/',quiet=TRUE)}"
 	Rscript -e "require(roxygen2); roxygen2::roxygenise('R-package')"
 	R CMD INSTALL R-package
 	rm -rf R-package/src/image_recordio.h

 rpkgtest:
 	Rscript -e "require(testthat);res<-test_dir('R-package/tests/testthat');if(!testthat:::all_passed(res)){stop('Test failures', call. = FALSE)}"

 scalaclean:
 	(cd $(ROOTDIR)/scala-package; \
 		mvn clean -P$(SCALA_PKG_PROFILE),$(SCALA_VERSION_PROFILE))

 scalapkg:
 	(cd $(ROOTDIR)/scala-package; \
 		mvn package -P$(SCALA_PKG_PROFILE),$(SCALA_VERSION_PROFILE) -Dcxx="$(CXX)" \
 			-Dcflags="$(CFLAGS)" -Dldflags="$(LDFLAGS)" \
 			-Dcurrent_libdir="$(ROOTDIR)/lib" \
 			-Dlddeps="$(LIB_DEP) $(ROOTDIR)/lib/libmxnet.a")

 scalatest:
 	(cd $(ROOTDIR)/scala-package; \
 		mvn verify -P$(SCALA_PKG_PROFILE),$(SCALA_VERSION_PROFILE) -Dcxx="$(CXX)" \
 			-Dcflags="$(CFLAGS)" -Dldflags="$(LDFLAGS)" \
 			-Dlddeps="$(LIB_DEP) $(ROOTDIR)/lib/libmxnet.a" $(SCALA_TEST_ARGS))

 scalainstall:
 	(cd $(ROOTDIR)/scala-package; \
 		mvn install -P$(SCALA_PKG_PROFILE),$(SCALA_VERSION_PROFILE) -DskipTests -Dcxx="$(CXX)" \
 			-Dcflags="$(CFLAGS)" -Dldflags="$(LDFLAGS)" \
 			-Dlddeps="$(LIB_DEP) $(ROOTDIR)/lib/libmxnet.a")

 scaladeploy:
 	(cd $(ROOTDIR)/scala-package; \
 		mvn deploy -Prelease,$(SCALA_PKG_PROFILE),$(SCALA_VERSION_PROFILE) -DskipTests -Dcxx="$(CXX)" \
 			-Dcflags="$(CFLAGS)" -Dldflags="$(LDFLAGS)" \
 			-Dlddeps="$(LIB_DEP) $(ROOTDIR)/lib/libmxnet.a")

 jnilint:
 	dmlc-core/scripts/lint.py mxnet-jnicpp cpp scala-package/native/src

 ifneq ($(EXTRA_OPERATORS),)
 clean: cyclean $(EXTRA_PACKAGES_CLEAN)
 	$(RM) -r build lib bin *~ */*~ */*/*~ */*/*/*~ R-package/NAMESPACE R-package/man R-package/R/mxnet_generated.R \
 		R-package/inst R-package/src/*.o R-package/src/*.so mxnet_*.tar.gz
 	cd $(DMLC_CORE); $(MAKE) clean; cd -
 	cd $(PS_PATH); $(MAKE) clean; cd -
 	cd $(NNVM_PATH); $(MAKE) clean; cd -
 	cd $(AMALGAMATION_PATH); $(MAKE) clean; cd -
 	$(RM) -r  $(patsubst %, %/*.d, $(EXTRA_OPERATORS)) $(patsubst %, %/*/*.d, $(EXTRA_OPERATORS))
 	$(RM) -r  $(patsubst %, %/*.o, $(EXTRA_OPERATORS)) $(patsubst %, %/*/*.o, $(EXTRA_OPERATORS))
 else
 clean: cyclean testclean $(EXTRA_PACKAGES_CLEAN)
 	$(RM) -r build lib bin *~ */*~ */*/*~ */*/*/*~ R-package/NAMESPACE R-package/man R-package/R/mxnet_generated.R \
 		R-package/inst R-package/src/image_recordio.h R-package/src/*.o R-package/src/*.so mxnet_*.tar.gz \
 		3rdparty/mkldnn/install/*
 	cd $(DMLC_CORE); $(MAKE) clean; cd -
 	cd $(PS_PATH); $(MAKE) clean; cd -
 	cd $(NNVM_PATH); $(MAKE) clean; cd -
 	cd $(AMALGAMATION_PATH); $(MAKE) clean; cd -
 endif

 clean_all: clean

 -include build/*.d
 -include build/*/*.d
 -include build/*/*/*.d
 -include build/*/*/*/*.d
 ifneq ($(EXTRA_OPERATORS),)
 	-include $(patsubst %, %/*.d, $(EXTRA_OPERATORS)) $(patsubst %, %/*/*.d, $(EXTRA_OPERATORS))
 endif
	# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
	# or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
	# distributed with this work for additional information
	# regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
	# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
	# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
	# with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
	#
	# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
	#
	# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
	# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
	# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
	# KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
	# specific language governing permissions and limitations
	# under the License.

	ROOTDIR = $(CURDIR)

	SCALA_VERSION_PROFILE := scala-2.11

	ifeq ($(OS),Windows_NT)
	UNAME_S := Windows
	else
	UNAME_S := $(shell uname -s)
	endif

	ifndef config
	ifdef CXXNET_CONFIG
	config = $(CXXNET_CONFIG)
	else ifneq ("$(wildcard ./config.mk)","")
	config = config.mk
	else
	config = make/config.mk
	endif
	endif

	ifndef DMLC_CORE
	DMLC_CORE = $(ROOTDIR)/dmlc-core
	endif
	CORE_INC = $(wildcard $(DMLC_CORE)/include//.h)

	ifndef NNVM_PATH
	NNVM_PATH = $(ROOTDIR)/nnvm
	endif

	ifndef DLPACK_PATH
	DLPACK_PATH = $(ROOTDIR)/dlpack
	endif

	ifndef AMALGAMATION_PATH
	AMALGAMATION_PATH = $(ROOTDIR)/amalgamation
	endif

	ifneq ($(USE_OPENMP), 1)
	export NO_OPENMP = 1
	endif

	# use customized config file
	include $(config)

	ifeq ($(USE_MKL2017), 1)
	$(warning "USE_MKL2017 is deprecated. We will switch to USE_MKLDNN.")
	USE_MKLDNN=1
	endif

	ifeq ($(USE_MKLDNN), 1)
	RETURN_STRING := $(shell ./prepare_mkldnn.sh $(MKLDNN_ROOT))
	LAST_WORD_INDEX := $(words $(RETURN_STRING))
	# fetch the 2nd last word as MKLDNNROOT
	MKLDNNROOT := $(word $(shell echo $$(($(LAST_WORD_INDEX) - 1))),$(RETURN_STRING))
	MKLROOT := $(lastword $(RETURN_STRING))
	export USE_MKLML = 1
	endif

	include mshadow/make/mshadow.mk
	include $(DMLC_CORE)/make/dmlc.mk

	# all tge possible warning tread
	WARNFLAGS= -Wall -Wsign-compare
	CFLAGS = -DMSHADOW_FORCE_STREAM $(WARNFLAGS)

	ifeq ($(DEV), 1)
	CFLAGS += -g -Werror
	NVCCFLAGS += -Werror cross-execution-space-call
	endif

	# CFLAGS for debug
	ifeq ($(DEBUG), 1)
	CFLAGS += -g -O0
	else
	CFLAGS += -O3 -DNDEBUG=1
	endif
	CFLAGS += -I$(ROOTDIR)/mshadow/ -I$(ROOTDIR)/dmlc-core/include -fPIC -I$(NNVM_PATH)/include -I$(DLPACK_PATH)/include -I$(NNVM_PATH)/tvm/include -Iinclude $(MSHADOW_CFLAGS)
	LDFLAGS = -pthread $(MSHADOW_LDFLAGS) $(DMLC_LDFLAGS)
	ifeq ($(DEBUG), 1)
	NVCCFLAGS += -std=c++11 -Xcompiler -D_FORCE_INLINES -g -G -O0 -ccbin $(CXX) $(MSHADOW_NVCCFLAGS)
	else
	NVCCFLAGS += -std=c++11 -Xcompiler -D_FORCE_INLINES -O3 -ccbin $(CXX) $(MSHADOW_NVCCFLAGS)
	endif

	# CFLAGS for profiler
	ifeq ($(USE_PROFILER), 1)
	CFLAGS += -DMXNET_USE_PROFILER=1
	endif

	# CFLAGS for segfault logger
	ifeq ($(USE_SIGNAL_HANDLER), 1)
	CFLAGS += -DMXNET_USE_SIGNAL_HANDLER=1
	endif

	# Caffe Plugin
	ifdef CAFFE_PATH
	CFLAGS += -DMXNET_USE_CAFFE=1
	endif

	ifndef LINT_LANG
	LINT_LANG="all"
	endif

	ifeq ($(USE_MKLDNN), 1)
	CFLAGS += -DMXNET_USE_MKLDNN=1
	CFLAGS += -DUSE_MKL=1
	CFLAGS += -I$(ROOTDIR)/src/operator/nn/mkldnn/
	ifneq ($(MKLDNNROOT), $(MKLROOT))
	CFLAGS += -I$(MKLROOT)/include
	LDFLAGS += -L$(MKLROOT)/lib
	endif
	CFLAGS += -I$(MKLDNNROOT)/include
	LDFLAGS += -L$(MKLDNNROOT)/lib -lmkldnn -Wl,-rpath,'$${ORIGIN}'
	endif

	# setup opencv
	ifeq ($(USE_OPENCV), 1)
	CFLAGS += -DMXNET_USE_OPENCV=1 $(shell pkg-config --cflags opencv)
	LDFLAGS += $(filter-out -lopencv_ts, $(shell pkg-config --libs opencv))
	BIN += bin/im2rec
	else
	CFLAGS+= -DMXNET_USE_OPENCV=0
	endif

	ifeq ($(USE_OPENMP), 1)
	ifneq ($(UNAME_S), Darwin)
	CFLAGS += -fopenmp
	endif
	endif

	ifeq ($(USE_NNPACK), 1)
	CFLAGS += -DMXNET_USE_NNPACK=1
	LDFLAGS += -lnnpack
	endif

	ifeq ($(USE_OPERATOR_TUNING), 1)
	CFLAGS += -DMXNET_USE_OPERATOR_TUNING=1
	endif

	# verify existence of separate lapack library when using blas/openblas/atlas
	# switch off lapack support in case it can't be found
	# issue covered with this
	# - for Ubuntu 14.04 or lower, lapack is not automatically installed with openblas
	# - for Ubuntu, installing atlas will not automatically install the atlas provided lapack library
	# silently switching lapack off instead of letting the build fail because of backward compatibility
	ifeq ($(USE_LAPACK), 1)
	ifeq ($(USE_BLAS),$(filter $(USE_BLAS),blas openblas atlas mkl))
	ifeq (,$(wildcard /lib/liblapack.a))
	ifeq (,$(wildcard /usr/lib/liblapack.a))
	ifeq (,$(wildcard /usr/lib64/liblapack.a))
	ifeq (,$(wildcard $(USE_LAPACK_PATH)/liblapack.a))
	USE_LAPACK = 0
	$(warning "USE_LAPACK disabled because libraries were not found")
	endif
	endif
	endif
	endif
	endif
	endif

	# lapack settings.
	ifeq ($(USE_LAPACK), 1)
	ifneq ($(USE_LAPACK_PATH), )
	LDFLAGS += -L$(USE_LAPACK_PATH)
	endif
	ifeq ($(USE_BLAS),$(filter $(USE_BLAS),blas openblas atlas mkl))
	LDFLAGS += -llapack
	endif
	CFLAGS += -DMXNET_USE_LAPACK
	endif

	ifeq ($(USE_CUDNN), 1)
	CFLAGS += -DMSHADOW_USE_CUDNN=1
	LDFLAGS += -lcudnn
	endif

	# gperftools malloc library (tcmalloc)
	ifeq ($(USE_GPERFTOOLS), 1)
	# FIND_LIBNAME=tcmalloc_and_profiler
	FIND_LIBNAME=tcmalloc
	FIND_LIBFILEEXT=so
	FIND_LIBFILE=$(wildcard /lib/lib$(FIND_LIBNAME).$(FIND_LIBFILEEXT))
	ifeq (,$(FIND_LIBFILE))
	FIND_LIBFILE=$(wildcard /usr/lib/lib$(FIND_LIBNAME).$(FIND_LIBFILEEXT))
	ifeq (,$(FIND_LIBFILE))
	FIND_LIBFILE=$(wildcard /usr/local/lib/lib$(FIND_LIBNAME).$(FIND_LIBFILEEXT))
	ifeq (,$(FIND_LIBFILE))
	USE_GPERFTOOLS=0
	endif
	endif
	endif
	ifeq ($(USE_GPERFTOOLS), 1)
	CFLAGS += -fno-builtin-malloc -fno-builtin-calloc -fno-builtin-realloc -fno-builtin-free
	LDFLAGS += $(FIND_LIBFILE)
	endif
	endif

	# jemalloc malloc library (if not using gperftools)
	ifneq ($(USE_GPERFTOOLS), 1)
	ifeq ($(USE_JEMALLOC), 1)
	FIND_LIBNAME=jemalloc
	FIND_LIBFILEEXT=so
	FIND_LIBFILE=$(wildcard /lib/lib$(FIND_LIBNAME).$(FIND_LIBFILEEXT))
	ifeq (,$(FIND_LIBFILE))
	FIND_LIBFILE=$(wildcard /usr/lib/lib$(FIND_LIBNAME).$(FIND_LIBFILEEXT))
	ifeq (,$(FIND_LIBFILE))
	FIND_LIBFILE=$(wildcard /usr/local/lib/lib$(FIND_LIBNAME).$(FIND_LIBFILEEXT))
	ifeq (,$(FIND_LIBFILE))
	FIND_LIBFILE=$(wildcard /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/lib$(FIND_LIBNAME).$(FIND_LIBFILEEXT))
	ifeq (,$(FIND_LIBFILE))
	USE_JEMALLOC=0
	endif
	endif
	endif
	endif
	ifeq ($(USE_JEMALLOC), 1)
	CFLAGS += -fno-builtin-malloc -fno-builtin-calloc -fno-builtin-realloc \
	-fno-builtin-free -DUSE_JEMALLOC
	LDFLAGS += $(FIND_LIBFILE)
	endif
	endif
	endif

	# If not using tcmalloc or jemalloc, print a warning (user should consider installing)
	ifneq ($(USE_GPERFTOOLS), 1)
	ifneq ($(USE_JEMALLOC), 1)
	$(warning WARNING: Significant performance increases can be achieved by installing and \
	enabling gperftools or jemalloc development packages)
	endif
	endif

	ifeq ($(USE_THREADED_ENGINE), 1)
	CFLAGS += -DMXNET_USE_THREADED_ENGINE
	endif

	ifneq ($(ADD_CFLAGS), NONE)
	CFLAGS += $(ADD_CFLAGS)
	endif

	ifneq ($(ADD_LDFLAGS), NONE)
	LDFLAGS += $(ADD_LDFLAGS)
	endif

	ifneq ($(USE_CUDA_PATH), NONE)
	NVCC=$(USE_CUDA_PATH)/bin/nvcc
	endif

	# Sets 'CUDA_ARCH', which determines the GPU architectures supported
	# by the compiled kernels. Users can edit the KNOWN_CUDA_ARCHS list below
	# to remove archs they don't wish to support to speed compilation, or they can
	# pre-set the CUDA_ARCH args in config.mk to a non-null value for full control.
	#
	# For archs in this list, nvcc will create a fat-binary that will include
	# the binaries (SASS) for all architectures supported by the installed version
	# of the cuda toolkit, plus the assembly (PTX) for the most recent such architecture.
	# If these kernels are then run on a newer-architecture GPU, the binary will
	# be JIT-compiled by the updated driver from the included PTX.
	ifeq ($(USE_CUDA), 1)
	ifeq ($(CUDA_ARCH),)
	KNOWN_CUDA_ARCHS := 30 35 50 52 60 61 70
	# Run nvcc on a zero-length file to check architecture-level support.
	# Create args to include SASS in the fat binary for supported levels.
	CUDA_ARCH := $(foreach arch,$(KNOWN_CUDA_ARCHS), \
	$(shell $(NVCC) -arch=sm_$(arch) -E --x cu /dev/null >/dev/null 2>&1 && \
	echo -gencode arch=compute_$(arch),code=sm_$(arch)))
	# Convert a trailing "code=sm_NN" to "code=[sm_NN,compute_NN]" to also
	# include the PTX of the most recent arch in the fat-binaries for
	# forward compatibility with newer GPUs.
	CUDA_ARCH := $(shell echo $(CUDA_ARCH) \| sed 's/sm_\([0-9]*\)$$/[sm_\1,compute_\1]/')
	# Add fat binary compression if supported by nvcc.
	COMPRESS := --fatbin-options -compress-all
	CUDA_ARCH += $(shell $(NVCC) -cuda $(COMPRESS) --x cu /dev/null -o /dev/null >/dev/null 2>&1 && \
	echo $(COMPRESS))
	endif
	$(info Running CUDA_ARCH: $(CUDA_ARCH))
	endif

	# ps-lite
	PS_PATH=$(ROOTDIR)/ps-lite
	DEPS_PATH=$(shell pwd)/deps
	include $(PS_PATH)/make/ps.mk
	ifeq ($(USE_DIST_KVSTORE), 1)
	CFLAGS += -DMXNET_USE_DIST_KVSTORE -I$(PS_PATH)/include -I$(DEPS_PATH)/include
	LIB_DEP += $(PS_PATH)/build/libps.a
	LDFLAGS += $(PS_LDFLAGS_A)
	endif

	.PHONY: clean all extra-packages test lint docs clean_all rcpplint rcppexport roxygen\
	cython2 cython3 cython cyclean

	all: lib/libmxnet.a lib/libmxnet.so $(BIN) extra-packages

	SRC = $(wildcard src////.cc src///.cc src//.cc src/.cc)
	OBJ = $(patsubst %.cc, build/%.o, $(SRC))
	CUSRC = $(wildcard src////.cu src///.cu src//.cu src/.cu)
	CUOBJ = $(patsubst %.cu, build/%_gpu.o, $(CUSRC))

	# extra operators
	ifneq ($(EXTRA_OPERATORS),)
	EXTRA_SRC = $(wildcard $(patsubst %, %/.cc, $(EXTRA_OPERATORS)) $(patsubst %, %//*.cc, $(EXTRA_OPERATORS)))
	EXTRA_OBJ = $(patsubst %.cc, %.o, $(EXTRA_SRC))
	EXTRA_CUSRC = $(wildcard $(patsubst %, %/.cu, $(EXTRA_OPERATORS)) $(patsubst %, %//*.cu, $(EXTRA_OPERATORS)))
	EXTRA_CUOBJ = $(patsubst %.cu, %_gpu.o, $(EXTRA_CUSRC))
	else
	EXTRA_SRC =
	EXTRA_OBJ =
	EXTRA_CUSRC =
	EXTRA_CUOBJ =
	endif

	# plugin
	PLUGIN_OBJ =
	PLUGIN_CUOBJ =
	include $(MXNET_PLUGINS)

	ifeq ($(UNAME_S), Windows)
	# TODO(yizhi) currently scala package does not support windows
	SCALA_PKG_PROFILE := windows
	else
	ifeq ($(UNAME_S), Darwin)
	WHOLE_ARCH= -all_load
	NO_WHOLE_ARCH= -noall_load
	SCALA_PKG_PROFILE := osx-x86_64
	else
	WHOLE_ARCH= --whole-archive
	NO_WHOLE_ARCH= --no-whole-archive
	SCALA_PKG_PROFILE := linux-x86_64
	endif
	endif

	# all dep
	LIB_DEP += $(DMLC_CORE)/libdmlc.a $(NNVM_PATH)/lib/libnnvm.a
	ALL_DEP = $(OBJ) $(EXTRA_OBJ) $(PLUGIN_OBJ) $(LIB_DEP)

	ifeq ($(USE_CUDA), 1)
	CFLAGS += -I$(ROOTDIR)/3rdparty/cub
	ALL_DEP += $(CUOBJ) $(EXTRA_CUOBJ) $(PLUGIN_CUOBJ)
	LDFLAGS += -lcufft
	ifeq ($(ENABLE_CUDA_RTC), 1)
	LDFLAGS += -lcuda -lnvrtc
	CFLAGS += -DMXNET_ENABLE_CUDA_RTC=1
	endif
	# Make sure to add stubs as fallback in order to be able to build
	# without full CUDA install (especially if run without nvidia-docker)
	LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/cuda/lib64/stubs
	SCALA_PKG_PROFILE := $(SCALA_PKG_PROFILE)-gpu
	ifeq ($(USE_NCCL), 1)
	ifneq ($(USE_NCCL_PATH), NONE)
	CFLAGS += -I$(USE_NCCL_PATH)/include
	LDFLAGS += -L$(USE_NCCL_PATH)/lib
	endif
	LDFLAGS += -lnccl
	CFLAGS += -DMXNET_USE_NCCL=1
	else
	CFLAGS += -DMXNET_USE_NCCL=0
	endif
	else
	SCALA_PKG_PROFILE := $(SCALA_PKG_PROFILE)-cpu
	CFLAGS += -DMXNET_USE_NCCL=0
	endif

	ifeq ($(USE_LIBJPEG_TURBO), 1)
	ifneq ($(USE_LIBJPEG_TURBO_PATH), NONE)
	CFLAGS += -I$(USE_LIBJPEG_TURBO_PATH)/include
	LDFLAGS += -L$(USE_LIBJPEG_TURBO_PATH)/lib
	endif
	LDFLAGS += -lturbojpeg
	CFLAGS += -DMXNET_USE_LIBJPEG_TURBO=1
	else
	CFLAGS += -DMXNET_USE_LIBJPEG_TURBO=0
	endif

	# For quick compile test, used smaller subset
	ALLX_DEP= $(ALL_DEP)

	build/src/%.o: src/%.cc
	@mkdir -p $(@D)
	$(CXX) -std=c++11 -c $(CFLAGS) -MMD -c $< -o $@

	build/src/%_gpu.o: src/%.cu
	@mkdir -p $(@D)
	$(NVCC) $(NVCCFLAGS) $(CUDA_ARCH) -Xcompiler "$(CFLAGS)" -M -MT build/src/$_gpu.o $< >build/src/$_gpu.d
	$(NVCC) -c -o $@ $(NVCCFLAGS) $(CUDA_ARCH) -Xcompiler "$(CFLAGS)" $<

	# A nvcc bug cause it to generate "generic/xxx.h" dependencies from torch headers.
	# Use CXX to generate dependency instead.
	build/plugin/%_gpu.o: plugin/%.cu
	@mkdir -p $(@D)
	$(CXX) -std=c++11 $(CFLAGS) -MM -MT build/plugin/$_gpu.o $< >build/plugin/$_gpu.d
	$(NVCC) -c -o $@ $(NVCCFLAGS) $(CUDA_ARCH) -Xcompiler "$(CFLAGS)" $<

	build/plugin/%.o: plugin/%.cc
	@mkdir -p $(@D)
	$(CXX) -std=c++11 -c $(CFLAGS) -MMD -c $< -o $@

	%_gpu.o: %.cu
	@mkdir -p $(@D)
	$(NVCC) $(NVCCFLAGS) $(CUDA_ARCH) -Xcompiler "$(CFLAGS) -Isrc/operator" -M -MT $_gpu.o $< >$_gpu.d
	$(NVCC) -c -o $@ $(NVCCFLAGS) $(CUDA_ARCH) -Xcompiler "$(CFLAGS) -Isrc/operator" $<

	%.o: %.cc $(CORE_INC)
	@mkdir -p $(@D)
	$(CXX) -std=c++11 -c $(CFLAGS) -MMD -Isrc/operator -c $< -o $@

	# NOTE: to statically link libmxnet.a we need the option
	# --Wl,--whole-archive -lmxnet --Wl,--no-whole-archive
	lib/libmxnet.a: $(ALLX_DEP)
	@mkdir -p $(@D)
	ar crv $@ $(filter %.o, $?)

	lib/libmxnet.so: $(ALLX_DEP)
	@mkdir -p $(@D)
	$(CXX) $(CFLAGS) -shared -o $@ $(filter-out %libnnvm.a, $(filter %.o %.a, $^)) $(LDFLAGS) \
	-Wl,${WHOLE_ARCH} $(filter %libnnvm.a, $^) -Wl,${NO_WHOLE_ARCH}
	ifeq ($(USE_MKLDNN), 1)
	ifeq ($(UNAME_S), Darwin)
	install_name_tool -change '@rpath/libmklml.dylib' '@loader_path/libmklml.dylib' lib/libmxnet.so
	install_name_tool -change '@rpath/libiomp5.dylib' '@loader_path/libiomp5.dylib' lib/libmxnet.so
	install_name_tool -change '@rpath/libmkldnn.0.dylib' '@loader_path/libmkldnn.0.dylib' lib/libmxnet.so
	endif
	endif

	$(PS_PATH)/build/libps.a: PSLITE

	PSLITE:
	$(MAKE) CXX=$(CXX) DEPS_PATH=$(DEPS_PATH) -C $(PS_PATH) ps

	$(DMLC_CORE)/libdmlc.a: DMLCCORE

	DMLCCORE:
	+ cd $(DMLC_CORE); $(MAKE) libdmlc.a USE_SSE=$(USE_SSE) config=$(ROOTDIR)/$(config); cd $(ROOTDIR)

	NNVM_INC = $(wildcard $(NNVM_PATH)/include//.h)
	NNVM_SRC = $(wildcard $(NNVM_PATH)/src///.cc $(NNVM_PATH)/src//.cc $(NNVM_PATH)/src/.cc)
	$(NNVM_PATH)/lib/libnnvm.a: $(NNVM_INC) $(NNVM_SRC)
	+ cd $(NNVM_PATH); $(MAKE) lib/libnnvm.a DMLC_CORE_PATH=$(DMLC_CORE); cd $(ROOTDIR)

	bin/im2rec: tools/im2rec.cc $(ALLX_DEP)

	$(BIN) :
	@mkdir -p $(@D)
	$(CXX) $(CFLAGS) -std=c++11 -o $@ $(filter %.cpp %.o %.c %.a %.cc, $^) $(LDFLAGS)

	# CPP Package
	ifeq ($(USE_CPP_PACKAGE), 1)
	include cpp-package/cpp-package.mk
	endif

	include tests/cpp/unittest.mk

	extra-packages: $(EXTRA_PACKAGES)

	test: $(TEST)

	lint: cpplint rcpplint jnilint pylint

	cpplint:
	dmlc-core/scripts/lint.py mxnet cpp include src plugin cpp-package tests \
	--exclude_path src/operator/contrib/ctc_include

	pylint:
	pylint --rcfile=$(ROOTDIR)/tests/ci_build/pylintrc --ignore-patterns=".\.so$$,.\.dll$$,.\.dylib$$" python/mxnet tools/caffe_converter/.py

	doc: docs

	docs:
	make -C docs html

	clean_docs:
	make -C docs clean

	doxygen:
	doxygen docs/Doxyfile

	# Cython build
	cython:
	cd python; python setup.py build_ext --inplace --with-cython

	cython2:
	cd python; python2 setup.py build_ext --inplace --with-cython

	cython3:
	cd python; python3 setup.py build_ext --inplace --with-cython

	cyclean:
	rm -rf python/mxnet//.so python/mxnet//.cpp

	# R related shortcuts
	rcpplint:
	dmlc-core/scripts/lint.py mxnet-rcpp ${LINT_LANG} R-package/src

	rpkg:
	mkdir -p R-package/inst
	mkdir -p R-package/inst/libs
	cp src/io/image_recordio.h R-package/src
	cp -rf lib/libmxnet.so R-package/inst/libs
	mkdir -p R-package/inst/include
	cp -rf include/* R-package/inst/include
	cp -rf dmlc-core/include/* R-package/inst/include/
	cp -rf nnvm/include/* R-package/inst/include
	Rscript -e "if(!require(devtools)){install.packages('devtools', repo = 'https://cloud.r-project.org/')}"
	Rscript -e "library(devtools); library(methods); options(repos=c(CRAN='https://cloud.r-project.org/')); install_deps(pkg='R-package', dependencies = TRUE)"
	echo "import(Rcpp)" > R-package/NAMESPACE
	echo "import(methods)" >> R-package/NAMESPACE
	R CMD INSTALL R-package
	Rscript -e "require(mxnet); mxnet:::mxnet.export('R-package')"
	rm -rf R-package/NAMESPACE
	Rscript -e "if (!require('roxygen2')\|\|packageVersion('roxygen2')!= '5.0.1'){\
	devtools::install_version('roxygen2',version='5.0.1',\
	repo='https://cloud.r-project.org/',quiet=TRUE)}"
	Rscript -e "require(roxygen2); roxygen2::roxygenise('R-package')"
	R CMD INSTALL R-package
	rm -rf R-package/src/image_recordio.h

	rpkgtest:
	Rscript -e "require(testthat);res<-test_dir('R-package/tests/testthat');if(!testthat:::all_passed(res)){stop('Test failures', call. = FALSE)}"

	scalaclean:
	(cd $(ROOTDIR)/scala-package; \
	mvn clean -P$(SCALA_PKG_PROFILE),$(SCALA_VERSION_PROFILE))

	scalapkg:
	(cd $(ROOTDIR)/scala-package; \
	mvn package -P$(SCALA_PKG_PROFILE),$(SCALA_VERSION_PROFILE) -Dcxx="$(CXX)" \
	-Dcflags="$(CFLAGS)" -Dldflags="$(LDFLAGS)" \
	-Dcurrent_libdir="$(ROOTDIR)/lib" \
	-Dlddeps="$(LIB_DEP) $(ROOTDIR)/lib/libmxnet.a")

	scalatest:
	(cd $(ROOTDIR)/scala-package; \
	mvn verify -P$(SCALA_PKG_PROFILE),$(SCALA_VERSION_PROFILE) -Dcxx="$(CXX)" \
	-Dcflags="$(CFLAGS)" -Dldflags="$(LDFLAGS)" \
	-Dlddeps="$(LIB_DEP) $(ROOTDIR)/lib/libmxnet.a" $(SCALA_TEST_ARGS))

	scalainstall:
	(cd $(ROOTDIR)/scala-package; \
	mvn install -P$(SCALA_PKG_PROFILE),$(SCALA_VERSION_PROFILE) -DskipTests -Dcxx="$(CXX)" \
	-Dcflags="$(CFLAGS)" -Dldflags="$(LDFLAGS)" \
	-Dlddeps="$(LIB_DEP) $(ROOTDIR)/lib/libmxnet.a")

	scaladeploy:
	(cd $(ROOTDIR)/scala-package; \
	mvn deploy -Prelease,$(SCALA_PKG_PROFILE),$(SCALA_VERSION_PROFILE) -DskipTests -Dcxx="$(CXX)" \
	-Dcflags="$(CFLAGS)" -Dldflags="$(LDFLAGS)" \
	-Dlddeps="$(LIB_DEP) $(ROOTDIR)/lib/libmxnet.a")

	jnilint:
	dmlc-core/scripts/lint.py mxnet-jnicpp cpp scala-package/native/src

	ifneq ($(EXTRA_OPERATORS),)
	clean: cyclean $(EXTRA_PACKAGES_CLEAN)
	$(RM) -r build lib bin ~ /~ //~ ///~ R-package/NAMESPACE R-package/man R-package/R/mxnet_generated.R \
	R-package/inst R-package/src/.o R-package/src/.so mxnet_*.tar.gz
	cd $(DMLC_CORE); $(MAKE) clean; cd -
	cd $(PS_PATH); $(MAKE) clean; cd -
	cd $(NNVM_PATH); $(MAKE) clean; cd -
	cd $(AMALGAMATION_PATH); $(MAKE) clean; cd -
	$(RM) -r $(patsubst %, %/.d, $(EXTRA_OPERATORS)) $(patsubst %, %//*.d, $(EXTRA_OPERATORS))
	$(RM) -r $(patsubst %, %/.o, $(EXTRA_OPERATORS)) $(patsubst %, %//*.o, $(EXTRA_OPERATORS))
	else
	clean: cyclean testclean $(EXTRA_PACKAGES_CLEAN)
	$(RM) -r build lib bin ~ /~ //~ ///~ R-package/NAMESPACE R-package/man R-package/R/mxnet_generated.R \
	R-package/inst R-package/src/image_recordio.h R-package/src/.o R-package/src/.so mxnet_*.tar.gz \
	3rdparty/mkldnn/install/*
	cd $(DMLC_CORE); $(MAKE) clean; cd -
	cd $(PS_PATH); $(MAKE) clean; cd -
	cd $(NNVM_PATH); $(MAKE) clean; cd -
	cd $(AMALGAMATION_PATH); $(MAKE) clean; cd -
	endif

	clean_all: clean

	-include build/*.d
	-include build//.d
	-include build///*.d
	-include build////.d
	ifneq ($(EXTRA_OPERATORS),)
	-include $(patsubst %, %/.d, $(EXTRA_OPERATORS)) $(patsubst %, %//*.d, $(EXTRA_OPERATORS))
	endif