blob: 3dc239e6dadd50402fc9ce8f9a651cadf60f7cac [file] [log] [blame]
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
<meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">
<style>
.dropdown {
position: relative;
display: inline-block;
}
.dropdown-content {
display: none;
position: absolute;
background-color: #f9f9f9;
min-width: 160px;
box-shadow: 0px 8px 16px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
padding: 12px 16px;
z-index: 1;
text-align: left;
}
.dropdown:hover .dropdown-content {
display: block;
}
.dropdown-option:hover {
color: #FF4500;
}
.dropdown-option-active {
color: #FF4500;
font-weight: lighter;
}
.dropdown-option {
color: #000000;
font-weight: lighter;
}
.dropdown-header {
color: #FFFFFF;
display: inline-flex;
}
.dropdown-caret {
width: 18px;
height: 54px;
}
.dropdown-caret-path {
fill: #FFFFFF;
}
</style>
<title>Activation Blocks &#8212; Apache MXNet documentation</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../../_static/basic.css" type="text/css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../../../../_static/mxnet.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../../_static/material-design-lite-1.3.0/material.blue-deep_orange.min.css" type="text/css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../../_static/sphinx_materialdesign_theme.css" type="text/css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../../_static/fontawesome/all.css" type="text/css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../../_static/fonts.css" type="text/css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../../_static/feedback.css" type="text/css" />
<script id="documentation_options" data-url_root="../../../../../" src="../../../../../_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
<script src="../../../../../_static/jquery.js"></script>
<script src="../../../../../_static/underscore.js"></script>
<script src="../../../../../_static/doctools.js"></script>
<script src="../../../../../_static/language_data.js"></script>
<script src="../../../../../_static/matomo_analytics.js"></script>
<script src="../../../../../_static/autodoc.js"></script>
<script crossorigin="anonymous" integrity="sha256-Ae2Vz/4ePdIu6ZyI/5ZGsYnb+m0JlOmKPjt6XZ9JJkA=" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/require.js/2.3.4/require.min.js"></script>
<script async="async" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.5/latest.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML"></script>
<script type="text/x-mathjax-config">MathJax.Hub.Config({"tex2jax": {"inlineMath": [["$", "$"], ["\\(", "\\)"]], "processEscapes": true, "ignoreClass": "document", "processClass": "math|output_area"}})</script>
<script src="../../../../../_static/sphinx_materialdesign_theme.js"></script>
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="../../../../../_static/mxnet-icon.png"/>
<link rel="index" title="Index" href="../../../../../genindex.html" />
<link rel="search" title="Search" href="../../../../../search.html" />
<link rel="next" title="Data Tutorials" href="../../data/index.html" />
<link rel="prev" title="Saving and Loading Gluon Models" href="../save_load_params.html" />
</head>
<body><header class="site-header" role="banner">
<div class="wrapper">
<a class="site-title" rel="author" href="/"><img
src="../../../../../_static/mxnet_logo.png" class="site-header-logo"></a>
<nav class="site-nav">
<input type="checkbox" id="nav-trigger" class="nav-trigger"/>
<label for="nav-trigger">
<span class="menu-icon">
<svg viewBox="0 0 18 15" width="18px" height="15px">
<path d="M18,1.484c0,0.82-0.665,1.484-1.484,1.484H1.484C0.665,2.969,0,2.304,0,1.484l0,0C0,0.665,0.665,0,1.484,0 h15.032C17.335,0,18,0.665,18,1.484L18,1.484z M18,7.516C18,8.335,17.335,9,16.516,9H1.484C0.665,9,0,8.335,0,7.516l0,0 c0-0.82,0.665-1.484,1.484-1.484h15.032C17.335,6.031,18,6.696,18,7.516L18,7.516z M18,13.516C18,14.335,17.335,15,16.516,15H1.484 C0.665,15,0,14.335,0,13.516l0,0c0-0.82,0.665-1.483,1.484-1.483h15.032C17.335,12.031,18,12.695,18,13.516L18,13.516z"/>
</svg>
</span>
</label>
<div class="trigger">
<a class="page-link" href="/get_started">Get Started</a>
<a class="page-link" href="/features">Features</a>
<a class="page-link" href="/ecosystem">Ecosystem</a>
<a class="page-link page-current" href="/api">Docs & Tutorials</a>
<a class="page-link" href="/trusted_by">Trusted By</a>
<a class="page-link" href="https://github.com/apache/mxnet">GitHub</a>
<div class="dropdown" style="min-width:100px">
<span class="dropdown-header">Apache
<svg class="dropdown-caret" viewBox="0 0 32 32" class="icon icon-caret-bottom" aria-hidden="true"><path class="dropdown-caret-path" d="M24 11.305l-7.997 11.39L8 11.305z"></path></svg>
</span>
<div class="dropdown-content" style="min-width:250px">
<a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/">Apache Software Foundation</a>
<a href="https://incubator.apache.org/">Apache Incubator</a>
<a href="https://www.apache.org/licenses/">License</a>
<a href="/versions/1.9.1/api/faq/security.html">Security</a>
<a href="https://privacy.apache.org/policies/privacy-policy-public.html">Privacy</a>
<a href="https://www.apache.org/events/current-event">Events</a>
<a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html">Sponsorship</a>
<a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html">Thanks</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="dropdown">
<span class="dropdown-header">master
<svg class="dropdown-caret" viewBox="0 0 32 32" class="icon icon-caret-bottom" aria-hidden="true"><path class="dropdown-caret-path" d="M24 11.305l-7.997 11.39L8 11.305z"></path></svg>
</span>
<div class="dropdown-content">
<a class="dropdown-option-active" href="/versions/master/">master</a><br>
<a class="dropdown-option" href="/versions/1.9.1/">1.9.1</a><br>
<a class="dropdown-option" href="/versions/1.8.0/">1.8.0</a><br>
<a class="dropdown-option" href="/versions/1.7.0/">1.7.0</a><br>
<a class="dropdown-option" href="/versions/1.6.0/">1.6.0</a><br>
<a class="dropdown-option" href="/versions/1.5.0/">1.5.0</a><br>
<a class="dropdown-option" href="/versions/1.4.1/">1.4.1</a><br>
<a class="dropdown-option" href="/versions/1.3.1/">1.3.1</a><br>
<a class="dropdown-option" href="/versions/1.2.1/">1.2.1</a><br>
<a class="dropdown-option" href="/versions/1.1.0/">1.1.0</a><br>
<a class="dropdown-option" href="/versions/1.0.0/">1.0.0</a><br>
<a class="dropdown-option" href="/versions/0.12.1/">0.12.1</a><br>
<a class="dropdown-option" href="/versions/0.11.0/">0.11.0</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
</div>
</header>
<div class="mdl-layout mdl-js-layout mdl-layout--fixed-header mdl-layout--fixed-drawer"><header class="mdl-layout__header mdl-layout__header--waterfall ">
<div class="mdl-layout__header-row">
<nav class="mdl-navigation breadcrumb">
<a class="mdl-navigation__link" href="../../../../index.html">Python Tutorials</a><i class="material-icons">navigate_next</i>
<a class="mdl-navigation__link" href="../../../index.html">Packages</a><i class="material-icons">navigate_next</i>
<a class="mdl-navigation__link" href="../../index.html">Gluon</a><i class="material-icons">navigate_next</i>
<a class="mdl-navigation__link" href="../index.html">Blocks</a><i class="material-icons">navigate_next</i>
<a class="mdl-navigation__link is-active">Activation Blocks</a>
</nav>
<div class="mdl-layout-spacer"></div>
<nav class="mdl-navigation">
<form class="form-inline pull-sm-right" action="../../../../../search.html" method="get">
<div class="mdl-textfield mdl-js-textfield mdl-textfield--expandable mdl-textfield--floating-label mdl-textfield--align-right">
<label id="quick-search-icon" class="mdl-button mdl-js-button mdl-button--icon" for="waterfall-exp">
<i class="material-icons">search</i>
</label>
<div class="mdl-textfield__expandable-holder">
<input class="mdl-textfield__input" type="text" name="q" id="waterfall-exp" placeholder="Search" />
<input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" />
<input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" />
</div>
</div>
<div class="mdl-tooltip" data-mdl-for="quick-search-icon">
Quick search
</div>
</form>
<a id="button-show-github"
href="https://github.com/apache/mxnet/edit/master/docs/python_docs/python/tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/activations/activations.ipynb" class="mdl-button mdl-js-button mdl-button--icon">
<i class="material-icons">edit</i>
</a>
<div class="mdl-tooltip" data-mdl-for="button-show-github">
Edit on Github
</div>
</nav>
</div>
<div class="mdl-layout__header-row header-links">
<div class="mdl-layout-spacer"></div>
<nav class="mdl-navigation">
</nav>
</div>
</header><header class="mdl-layout__drawer">
<div class="globaltoc">
<span class="mdl-layout-title toc">Table Of Contents</span>
<nav class="mdl-navigation">
<ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../index.html">Python Tutorials</a><ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../getting-started/index.html">Getting Started</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../getting-started/crash-course/index.html">Crash Course</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../getting-started/crash-course/0-introduction.html">Introduction</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../getting-started/crash-course/1-nparray.html">Step 1: Manipulate data with NP on MXNet</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../getting-started/crash-course/2-create-nn.html">Step 2: Create a neural network</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../getting-started/crash-course/3-autograd.html">Step 3: Automatic differentiation with autograd</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../getting-started/crash-course/4-components.html">Step 4: Necessary components that are not in the network</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../getting-started/crash-course/5-datasets.html">Step 5: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DataLoader</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../getting-started/crash-course/5-datasets.html#Using-own-data-with-included-Datasets">Using own data with included <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../getting-started/crash-course/5-datasets.html#Using-your-own-data-with-custom-Datasets">Using your own data with custom <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../getting-started/crash-course/5-datasets.html#New-in-MXNet-2.0:-faster-C++-backend-dataloaders">New in MXNet 2.0: faster C++ backend dataloaders</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../getting-started/crash-course/6-train-nn.html">Step 6: Train a Neural Network</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../getting-started/crash-course/7-use-gpus.html">Step 7: Load and Run a NN using GPU</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../getting-started/to-mxnet/index.html">Moving to MXNet from Other Frameworks</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../getting-started/to-mxnet/pytorch.html">PyTorch vs Apache MXNet</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../getting-started/gluon_from_experiment_to_deployment.html">Gluon: from experiment to deployment</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../getting-started/gluon_migration_guide.html">Gluon2.0: Migration Guide</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../getting-started/logistic_regression_explained.html">Logistic regression explained</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/python/docs/tutorials/packages/gluon/image/mnist.html">MNIST</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../index.html">Packages</a><ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../autograd/index.html">Automatic Differentiation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3 current"><a class="reference internal" href="../../index.html">Gluon</a><ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l4 current"><a class="reference internal" href="../index.html">Blocks</a><ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../custom-layer.html">Custom Layers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../hybridize.html">Hybridize</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../init.html">Initialization</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../naming.html">Parameter and Block Naming</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html">Layers and Blocks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../parameters.html">Parameter Management</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../save_load_params.html">Saving and Loading Gluon Models</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Activation Blocks</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../data/index.html">Data Tutorials</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../data/data_augmentation.html">Image Augmentation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../data/datasets.html">Gluon <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DataLoader</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../data/datasets.html#Using-own-data-with-included-Datasets">Using own data with included <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../data/datasets.html#Using-own-data-with-custom-Datasets">Using own data with custom <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../data/datasets.html#Appendix:-Upgrading-from-Module-DataIter-to-Gluon-DataLoader">Appendix: Upgrading from Module <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DataIter</span></code> to Gluon <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DataLoader</span></code></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../image/index.html">Image Tutorials</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../image/info_gan.html">Image similarity search with InfoGAN</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../image/mnist.html">Handwritten Digit Recognition</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../loss/index.html">Losses</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../loss/custom-loss.html">Custom Loss Blocks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../loss/kl_divergence.html">Kullback-Leibler (KL) Divergence</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../loss/loss.html">Loss functions</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../text/index.html">Text Tutorials</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../text/gnmt.html">Google Neural Machine Translation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../text/transformer.html">Machine Translation with Transformer</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../training/index.html">Training</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../training/fit_api_tutorial.html">MXNet Gluon Fit API</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../training/trainer.html">Trainer</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../training/learning_rates/index.html">Learning Rates</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="../../training/learning_rates/learning_rate_finder.html">Learning Rate Finder</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="../../training/learning_rates/learning_rate_schedules.html">Learning Rate Schedules</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="../../training/learning_rates/learning_rate_schedules_advanced.html">Advanced Learning Rate Schedules</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../training/normalization/index.html">Normalization Blocks</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../kvstore/index.html">KVStore</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../kvstore/kvstore.html">Distributed Key-Value Store</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../legacy/index.html">Legacy</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../legacy/ndarray/index.html">NDArray</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../legacy/ndarray/01-ndarray-intro.html">An Intro: Manipulate Data the MXNet Way with NDArray</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../legacy/ndarray/02-ndarray-operations.html">NDArray Operations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../legacy/ndarray/03-ndarray-contexts.html">NDArray Contexts</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../legacy/ndarray/gotchas_numpy_in_mxnet.html">Gotchas using NumPy in Apache MXNet</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../legacy/ndarray/sparse/index.html">Tutorials</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../legacy/ndarray/sparse/csr.html">CSRNDArray - NDArray in Compressed Sparse Row Storage Format</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../legacy/ndarray/sparse/row_sparse.html">RowSparseNDArray - NDArray for Sparse Gradient Updates</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../np/index.html">What is NP on MXNet</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../np/cheat-sheet.html">The NP on MXNet cheat sheet</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../np/np-vs-numpy.html">Differences between NP on MXNet and NumPy</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../onnx/index.html">ONNX</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../onnx/fine_tuning_gluon.html">Fine-tuning an ONNX model</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../onnx/inference_on_onnx_model.html">Running inference on MXNet/Gluon from an ONNX model</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/python/docs/tutorials/deploy/export/onnx.html">Export ONNX Models</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../optimizer/index.html">Optimizers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../viz/index.html">Visualization</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/faq/visualize_graph">Visualize networks</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../performance/index.html">Performance</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../performance/compression/index.html">Compression</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../performance/compression/int8.html">Deploy with int-8</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/faq/float16">Float16</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/faq/gradient_compression">Gradient Compression</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://gluon-cv.mxnet.io/build/examples_deployment/int8_inference.html">GluonCV with Quantized Models</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../performance/backend/index.html">Accelerated Backend Tools</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../performance/backend/dnnl/index.html">oneDNN</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../performance/backend/dnnl/dnnl_readme.html">Install MXNet with oneDNN</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../performance/backend/dnnl/dnnl_quantization.html">oneDNN Quantization</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../performance/backend/dnnl/dnnl_quantization_inc.html">Improving accuracy with Intel® Neural Compressor</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../performance/backend/tvm.html">Use TVM</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../performance/backend/profiler.html">Profiling MXNet Models</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../performance/backend/amp.html">Using AMP: Automatic Mixed Precision</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../deploy/index.html">Deployment</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../deploy/export/index.html">Export</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../deploy/export/onnx.html">Exporting to ONNX format</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://gluon-cv.mxnet.io/build/examples_deployment/export_network.html">Export Gluon CV Models</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/python/docs/tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/save_load_params.html">Save / Load Parameters</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../deploy/inference/index.html">Inference</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../deploy/inference/cpp.html">Deploy into C++</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../deploy/inference/image_classification_jetson.html">Image Classication using pretrained ResNet-50 model on Jetson module</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../deploy/run-on-aws/index.html">Run on AWS</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../deploy/run-on-aws/use_ec2.html">Run on an EC2 Instance</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../deploy/run-on-aws/use_sagemaker.html">Run on Amazon SageMaker</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../deploy/run-on-aws/cloud.html">MXNet on the Cloud</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../extend/index.html">Extend</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../extend/customop.html">Custom Numpy Operators</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/faq/new_op">New Operator Creation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/faq/add_op_in_backend">New Operator in MXNet Backend</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/faq/using_rtc">Using RTC for CUDA kernels</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/index.html">Python API</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/index.html">mxnet.np</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/arrays.html">Array objects</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/arrays.ndarray.html">The N-dimensional array (<code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ndarray</span></code>)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/arrays.indexing.html">Indexing</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/routines.html">Routines</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/routines.array-creation.html">Array creation routines</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.eye.html">mxnet.np.eye</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.empty.html">mxnet.np.empty</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.full.html">mxnet.np.full</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.identity.html">mxnet.np.identity</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ones.html">mxnet.np.ones</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ones_like.html">mxnet.np.ones_like</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.zeros.html">mxnet.np.zeros</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.zeros_like.html">mxnet.np.zeros_like</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.array.html">mxnet.np.array</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.copy.html">mxnet.np.copy</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arange.html">mxnet.np.arange</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linspace.html">mxnet.np.linspace</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.logspace.html">mxnet.np.logspace</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.meshgrid.html">mxnet.np.meshgrid</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.tril.html">mxnet.np.tril</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/routines.array-manipulation.html">Array manipulation routines</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.reshape.html">mxnet.np.reshape</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ravel.html">mxnet.np.ravel</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ndarray.flatten.html">mxnet.np.ndarray.flatten</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.swapaxes.html">mxnet.np.swapaxes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ndarray.T.html">mxnet.np.ndarray.T</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.transpose.html">mxnet.np.transpose</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.moveaxis.html">mxnet.np.moveaxis</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.rollaxis.html">mxnet.np.rollaxis</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.expand_dims.html">mxnet.np.expand_dims</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.squeeze.html">mxnet.np.squeeze</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.broadcast_to.html">mxnet.np.broadcast_to</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.broadcast_arrays.html">mxnet.np.broadcast_arrays</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.atleast_1d.html">mxnet.np.atleast_1d</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.atleast_2d.html">mxnet.np.atleast_2d</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.atleast_3d.html">mxnet.np.atleast_3d</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.concatenate.html">mxnet.np.concatenate</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.stack.html">mxnet.np.stack</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.dstack.html">mxnet.np.dstack</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.vstack.html">mxnet.np.vstack</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.column_stack.html">mxnet.np.column_stack</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.hstack.html">mxnet.np.hstack</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.split.html">mxnet.np.split</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.hsplit.html">mxnet.np.hsplit</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.vsplit.html">mxnet.np.vsplit</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.array_split.html">mxnet.np.array_split</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.dsplit.html">mxnet.np.dsplit</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.tile.html">mxnet.np.tile</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.repeat.html">mxnet.np.repeat</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.unique.html">mxnet.np.unique</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.delete.html">mxnet.np.delete</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.insert.html">mxnet.np.insert</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.append.html">mxnet.np.append</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.resize.html">mxnet.np.resize</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.trim_zeros.html">mxnet.np.trim_zeros</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.reshape.html">mxnet.np.reshape</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.flip.html">mxnet.np.flip</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.roll.html">mxnet.np.roll</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.rot90.html">mxnet.np.rot90</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.fliplr.html">mxnet.np.fliplr</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.flipud.html">mxnet.np.flipud</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/routines.io.html">Input and output</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.genfromtxt.html">mxnet.np.genfromtxt</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ndarray.tolist.html">mxnet.np.ndarray.tolist</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.set_printoptions.html">mxnet.np.set_printoptions</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/routines.linalg.html">Linear algebra (<code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">numpy.linalg</span></code>)</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.dot.html">mxnet.np.dot</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.vdot.html">mxnet.np.vdot</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.inner.html">mxnet.np.inner</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.outer.html">mxnet.np.outer</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.tensordot.html">mxnet.np.tensordot</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.einsum.html">mxnet.np.einsum</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.multi_dot.html">mxnet.np.linalg.multi_dot</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.matmul.html">mxnet.np.matmul</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.matrix_power.html">mxnet.np.linalg.matrix_power</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.kron.html">mxnet.np.kron</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.svd.html">mxnet.np.linalg.svd</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.cholesky.html">mxnet.np.linalg.cholesky</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.qr.html">mxnet.np.linalg.qr</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.eig.html">mxnet.np.linalg.eig</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.eigh.html">mxnet.np.linalg.eigh</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.eigvals.html">mxnet.np.linalg.eigvals</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.eigvalsh.html">mxnet.np.linalg.eigvalsh</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.norm.html">mxnet.np.linalg.norm</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.trace.html">mxnet.np.trace</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.cond.html">mxnet.np.linalg.cond</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.det.html">mxnet.np.linalg.det</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.matrix_rank.html">mxnet.np.linalg.matrix_rank</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.slogdet.html">mxnet.np.linalg.slogdet</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.solve.html">mxnet.np.linalg.solve</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.tensorsolve.html">mxnet.np.linalg.tensorsolve</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.lstsq.html">mxnet.np.linalg.lstsq</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.inv.html">mxnet.np.linalg.inv</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.pinv.html">mxnet.np.linalg.pinv</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.tensorinv.html">mxnet.np.linalg.tensorinv</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/routines.math.html">Mathematical functions</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.sin.html">mxnet.np.sin</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.cos.html">mxnet.np.cos</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.tan.html">mxnet.np.tan</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arcsin.html">mxnet.np.arcsin</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arccos.html">mxnet.np.arccos</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arctan.html">mxnet.np.arctan</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.degrees.html">mxnet.np.degrees</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.radians.html">mxnet.np.radians</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.hypot.html">mxnet.np.hypot</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arctan2.html">mxnet.np.arctan2</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.deg2rad.html">mxnet.np.deg2rad</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.rad2deg.html">mxnet.np.rad2deg</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.unwrap.html">mxnet.np.unwrap</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.sinh.html">mxnet.np.sinh</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.cosh.html">mxnet.np.cosh</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.tanh.html">mxnet.np.tanh</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arcsinh.html">mxnet.np.arcsinh</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arccosh.html">mxnet.np.arccosh</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arctanh.html">mxnet.np.arctanh</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.rint.html">mxnet.np.rint</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.fix.html">mxnet.np.fix</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.floor.html">mxnet.np.floor</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ceil.html">mxnet.np.ceil</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.trunc.html">mxnet.np.trunc</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.around.html">mxnet.np.around</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.round_.html">mxnet.np.round_</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.sum.html">mxnet.np.sum</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.prod.html">mxnet.np.prod</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.cumsum.html">mxnet.np.cumsum</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nanprod.html">mxnet.np.nanprod</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nansum.html">mxnet.np.nansum</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.cumprod.html">mxnet.np.cumprod</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nancumprod.html">mxnet.np.nancumprod</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nancumsum.html">mxnet.np.nancumsum</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.diff.html">mxnet.np.diff</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ediff1d.html">mxnet.np.ediff1d</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.cross.html">mxnet.np.cross</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.trapz.html">mxnet.np.trapz</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.exp.html">mxnet.np.exp</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.expm1.html">mxnet.np.expm1</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.log.html">mxnet.np.log</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.log10.html">mxnet.np.log10</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.log2.html">mxnet.np.log2</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.log1p.html">mxnet.np.log1p</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.logaddexp.html">mxnet.np.logaddexp</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.i0.html">mxnet.np.i0</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ldexp.html">mxnet.np.ldexp</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.signbit.html">mxnet.np.signbit</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.copysign.html">mxnet.np.copysign</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.frexp.html">mxnet.np.frexp</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.spacing.html">mxnet.np.spacing</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.lcm.html">mxnet.np.lcm</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.gcd.html">mxnet.np.gcd</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.add.html">mxnet.np.add</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.reciprocal.html">mxnet.np.reciprocal</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.negative.html">mxnet.np.negative</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.divide.html">mxnet.np.divide</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.power.html">mxnet.np.power</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.subtract.html">mxnet.np.subtract</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.mod.html">mxnet.np.mod</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.multiply.html">mxnet.np.multiply</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.true_divide.html">mxnet.np.true_divide</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.remainder.html">mxnet.np.remainder</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.positive.html">mxnet.np.positive</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.float_power.html">mxnet.np.float_power</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.fmod.html">mxnet.np.fmod</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.modf.html">mxnet.np.modf</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.divmod.html">mxnet.np.divmod</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.floor_divide.html">mxnet.np.floor_divide</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.clip.html">mxnet.np.clip</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.sqrt.html">mxnet.np.sqrt</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.cbrt.html">mxnet.np.cbrt</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.square.html">mxnet.np.square</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.absolute.html">mxnet.np.absolute</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.sign.html">mxnet.np.sign</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.maximum.html">mxnet.np.maximum</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.minimum.html">mxnet.np.minimum</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.fabs.html">mxnet.np.fabs</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.heaviside.html">mxnet.np.heaviside</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.fmax.html">mxnet.np.fmax</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.fmin.html">mxnet.np.fmin</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nan_to_num.html">mxnet.np.nan_to_num</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.interp.html">mxnet.np.interp</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/index.html">np.random</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.choice.html">mxnet.np.random.choice</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.shuffle.html">mxnet.np.random.shuffle</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.normal.html">mxnet.np.random.normal</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.uniform.html">mxnet.np.random.uniform</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.rand.html">mxnet.np.random.rand</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.randint.html">mxnet.np.random.randint</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.beta.html">mxnet.np.random.beta</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.chisquare.html">mxnet.np.random.chisquare</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.exponential.html">mxnet.np.random.exponential</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.f.html">mxnet.np.random.f</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.gamma.html">mxnet.np.random.gamma</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.gumbel.html">mxnet.np.random.gumbel</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.laplace.html">mxnet.np.random.laplace</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.logistic.html">mxnet.np.random.logistic</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.lognormal.html">mxnet.np.random.lognormal</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.multinomial.html">mxnet.np.random.multinomial</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.multivariate_normal.html">mxnet.np.random.multivariate_normal</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.pareto.html">mxnet.np.random.pareto</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.power.html">mxnet.np.random.power</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.rayleigh.html">mxnet.np.random.rayleigh</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.weibull.html">mxnet.np.random.weibull</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/routines.sort.html">Sorting, searching, and counting</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ndarray.sort.html">mxnet.np.ndarray.sort</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.sort.html">mxnet.np.sort</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.lexsort.html">mxnet.np.lexsort</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.argsort.html">mxnet.np.argsort</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.msort.html">mxnet.np.msort</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.partition.html">mxnet.np.partition</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.argpartition.html">mxnet.np.argpartition</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.argmax.html">mxnet.np.argmax</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.argmin.html">mxnet.np.argmin</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nanargmax.html">mxnet.np.nanargmax</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nanargmin.html">mxnet.np.nanargmin</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.argwhere.html">mxnet.np.argwhere</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nonzero.html">mxnet.np.nonzero</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.flatnonzero.html">mxnet.np.flatnonzero</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.where.html">mxnet.np.where</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.searchsorted.html">mxnet.np.searchsorted</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.extract.html">mxnet.np.extract</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.count_nonzero.html">mxnet.np.count_nonzero</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/routines.statistics.html">Statistics</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.min.html">mxnet.np.min</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.max.html">mxnet.np.max</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.amin.html">mxnet.np.amin</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.amax.html">mxnet.np.amax</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nanmin.html">mxnet.np.nanmin</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nanmax.html">mxnet.np.nanmax</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ptp.html">mxnet.np.ptp</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.percentile.html">mxnet.np.percentile</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nanpercentile.html">mxnet.np.nanpercentile</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.quantile.html">mxnet.np.quantile</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nanquantile.html">mxnet.np.nanquantile</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.mean.html">mxnet.np.mean</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.std.html">mxnet.np.std</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.var.html">mxnet.np.var</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.median.html">mxnet.np.median</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.average.html">mxnet.np.average</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nanmedian.html">mxnet.np.nanmedian</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nanstd.html">mxnet.np.nanstd</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nanvar.html">mxnet.np.nanvar</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.corrcoef.html">mxnet.np.corrcoef</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.correlate.html">mxnet.np.correlate</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.cov.html">mxnet.np.cov</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.histogram.html">mxnet.np.histogram</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.histogram2d.html">mxnet.np.histogram2d</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.histogramdd.html">mxnet.np.histogramdd</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.bincount.html">mxnet.np.bincount</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.histogram_bin_edges.html">mxnet.np.histogram_bin_edges</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.digitize.html">mxnet.np.digitize</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/index.html">NPX: NumPy Neural Network Extension</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.set_np.html">mxnet.npx.set_np</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.reset_np.html">mxnet.npx.reset_np</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.cpu.html">mxnet.npx.cpu</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.cpu_pinned.html">mxnet.npx.cpu_pinned</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.gpu.html">mxnet.npx.gpu</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.gpu_memory_info.html">mxnet.npx.gpu_memory_info</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.current_device.html">mxnet.npx.current_device</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.num_gpus.html">mxnet.npx.num_gpus</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.activation.html">mxnet.npx.activation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.batch_norm.html">mxnet.npx.batch_norm</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.convolution.html">mxnet.npx.convolution</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.dropout.html">mxnet.npx.dropout</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.embedding.html">mxnet.npx.embedding</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.fully_connected.html">mxnet.npx.fully_connected</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.layer_norm.html">mxnet.npx.layer_norm</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.pooling.html">mxnet.npx.pooling</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.rnn.html">mxnet.npx.rnn</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.leaky_relu.html">mxnet.npx.leaky_relu</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.multibox_detection.html">mxnet.npx.multibox_detection</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.multibox_prior.html">mxnet.npx.multibox_prior</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.multibox_target.html">mxnet.npx.multibox_target</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.roi_pooling.html">mxnet.npx.roi_pooling</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.sigmoid.html">mxnet.npx.sigmoid</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.relu.html">mxnet.npx.relu</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.smooth_l1.html">mxnet.npx.smooth_l1</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.softmax.html">mxnet.npx.softmax</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.log_softmax.html">mxnet.npx.log_softmax</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.topk.html">mxnet.npx.topk</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.waitall.html">mxnet.npx.waitall</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.load.html">mxnet.npx.load</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.save.html">mxnet.npx.save</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.one_hot.html">mxnet.npx.one_hot</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.pick.html">mxnet.npx.pick</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.reshape_like.html">mxnet.npx.reshape_like</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.batch_flatten.html">mxnet.npx.batch_flatten</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.batch_dot.html">mxnet.npx.batch_dot</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.gamma.html">mxnet.npx.gamma</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.sequence_mask.html">mxnet.npx.sequence_mask</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/gluon/index.html">mxnet.gluon</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/gluon/block.html">gluon.Block</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/gluon/hybrid_block.html">gluon.HybridBlock</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/gluon/symbol_block.html">gluon.SymbolBlock</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/gluon/constant.html">gluon.Constant</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/gluon/parameter.html">gluon.Parameter</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/gluon/trainer.html">gluon.Trainer</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/gluon/contrib/index.html">gluon.contrib</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/gluon/data/index.html">gluon.data</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/gluon/data/vision/index.html">data.vision</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/gluon/data/vision/datasets/index.html">vision.datasets</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/gluon/data/vision/transforms/index.html">vision.transforms</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/gluon/loss/index.html">gluon.loss</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/gluon/metric/index.html">gluon.metric</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/gluon/model_zoo/index.html">gluon.model_zoo.vision</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/gluon/nn/index.html">gluon.nn</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/gluon/rnn/index.html">gluon.rnn</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/gluon/utils/index.html">gluon.utils</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/autograd/index.html">mxnet.autograd</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/initializer/index.html">mxnet.initializer</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/optimizer/index.html">mxnet.optimizer</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/lr_scheduler/index.html">mxnet.lr_scheduler</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/kvstore/index.html">KVStore: Communication for Distributed Training</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/kvstore/index.html#horovod">Horovod</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/kvstore/generated/mxnet.kvstore.Horovod.html">mxnet.kvstore.Horovod</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/kvstore/index.html#byteps">BytePS</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/kvstore/generated/mxnet.kvstore.BytePS.html">mxnet.kvstore.BytePS</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/kvstore/index.html#kvstore-interface">KVStore Interface</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/kvstore/generated/mxnet.kvstore.KVStore.html">mxnet.kvstore.KVStore</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/kvstore/generated/mxnet.kvstore.KVStoreBase.html">mxnet.kvstore.KVStoreBase</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/kvstore/generated/mxnet.kvstore.KVStoreServer.html">mxnet.kvstore.KVStoreServer</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/contrib/index.html">mxnet.contrib</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/contrib/io/index.html">contrib.io</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/contrib/ndarray/index.html">contrib.ndarray</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/contrib/onnx/index.html">contrib.onnx</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/contrib/quantization/index.html">contrib.quantization</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/contrib/symbol/index.html">contrib.symbol</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/contrib/tensorboard/index.html">contrib.tensorboard</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/contrib/tensorrt/index.html">contrib.tensorrt</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/contrib/text/index.html">contrib.text</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/index.html">Legacy</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/callback/index.html">mxnet.callback</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/image/index.html">mxnet.image</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/io/index.html">mxnet.io</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/ndarray/index.html">mxnet.ndarray</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/ndarray/ndarray.html">ndarray</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/ndarray/contrib/index.html">ndarray.contrib</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/ndarray/image/index.html">ndarray.image</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/ndarray/linalg/index.html">ndarray.linalg</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/ndarray/op/index.html">ndarray.op</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/ndarray/random/index.html">ndarray.random</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/ndarray/register/index.html">ndarray.register</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/ndarray/sparse/index.html">ndarray.sparse</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/ndarray/utils/index.html">ndarray.utils</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/recordio/index.html">mxnet.recordio</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/symbol/index.html">mxnet.symbol</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/symbol/symbol.html">symbol</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/symbol/contrib/index.html">symbol.contrib</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/symbol/image/index.html">symbol.image</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/symbol/linalg/index.html">symbol.linalg</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/symbol/op/index.html">symbol.op</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/symbol/random/index.html">symbol.random</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/symbol/register/index.html">symbol.register</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/symbol/sparse/index.html">symbol.sparse</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/visualization/index.html">mxnet.visualization</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/device/index.html">mxnet.device</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/engine/index.html">mxnet.engine</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/executor/index.html">mxnet.executor</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/kvstore_server/index.html">mxnet.kvstore_server</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/profiler/index.html">mxnet.profiler</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/rtc/index.html">mxnet.rtc</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/runtime/index.html">mxnet.runtime</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/runtime/generated/mxnet.runtime.Feature.html">mxnet.runtime.Feature</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/runtime/generated/mxnet.runtime.Features.html">mxnet.runtime.Features</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/runtime/generated/mxnet.runtime.feature_list.html">mxnet.runtime.feature_list</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/test_utils/index.html">mxnet.test_utils</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/util/index.html">mxnet.util</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</header>
<main class="mdl-layout__content" tabIndex="0">
<header class="mdl-layout__drawer">
<div class="globaltoc">
<span class="mdl-layout-title toc">Table Of Contents</span>
<nav class="mdl-navigation">
<ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../index.html">Python Tutorials</a><ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../getting-started/index.html">Getting Started</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../getting-started/crash-course/index.html">Crash Course</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../getting-started/crash-course/0-introduction.html">Introduction</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../getting-started/crash-course/1-nparray.html">Step 1: Manipulate data with NP on MXNet</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../getting-started/crash-course/2-create-nn.html">Step 2: Create a neural network</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../getting-started/crash-course/3-autograd.html">Step 3: Automatic differentiation with autograd</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../getting-started/crash-course/4-components.html">Step 4: Necessary components that are not in the network</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../getting-started/crash-course/5-datasets.html">Step 5: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DataLoader</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../getting-started/crash-course/5-datasets.html#Using-own-data-with-included-Datasets">Using own data with included <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../getting-started/crash-course/5-datasets.html#Using-your-own-data-with-custom-Datasets">Using your own data with custom <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../getting-started/crash-course/5-datasets.html#New-in-MXNet-2.0:-faster-C++-backend-dataloaders">New in MXNet 2.0: faster C++ backend dataloaders</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../getting-started/crash-course/6-train-nn.html">Step 6: Train a Neural Network</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../getting-started/crash-course/7-use-gpus.html">Step 7: Load and Run a NN using GPU</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../getting-started/to-mxnet/index.html">Moving to MXNet from Other Frameworks</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../getting-started/to-mxnet/pytorch.html">PyTorch vs Apache MXNet</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../getting-started/gluon_from_experiment_to_deployment.html">Gluon: from experiment to deployment</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../getting-started/gluon_migration_guide.html">Gluon2.0: Migration Guide</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../getting-started/logistic_regression_explained.html">Logistic regression explained</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/python/docs/tutorials/packages/gluon/image/mnist.html">MNIST</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../index.html">Packages</a><ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../autograd/index.html">Automatic Differentiation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3 current"><a class="reference internal" href="../../index.html">Gluon</a><ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l4 current"><a class="reference internal" href="../index.html">Blocks</a><ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../custom-layer.html">Custom Layers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../hybridize.html">Hybridize</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../init.html">Initialization</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../naming.html">Parameter and Block Naming</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html">Layers and Blocks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../parameters.html">Parameter Management</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../save_load_params.html">Saving and Loading Gluon Models</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Activation Blocks</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../data/index.html">Data Tutorials</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../data/data_augmentation.html">Image Augmentation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../data/datasets.html">Gluon <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DataLoader</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../data/datasets.html#Using-own-data-with-included-Datasets">Using own data with included <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../data/datasets.html#Using-own-data-with-custom-Datasets">Using own data with custom <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../data/datasets.html#Appendix:-Upgrading-from-Module-DataIter-to-Gluon-DataLoader">Appendix: Upgrading from Module <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DataIter</span></code> to Gluon <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DataLoader</span></code></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../image/index.html">Image Tutorials</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../image/info_gan.html">Image similarity search with InfoGAN</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../image/mnist.html">Handwritten Digit Recognition</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../loss/index.html">Losses</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../loss/custom-loss.html">Custom Loss Blocks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../loss/kl_divergence.html">Kullback-Leibler (KL) Divergence</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../loss/loss.html">Loss functions</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../text/index.html">Text Tutorials</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../text/gnmt.html">Google Neural Machine Translation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../text/transformer.html">Machine Translation with Transformer</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../training/index.html">Training</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../training/fit_api_tutorial.html">MXNet Gluon Fit API</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../training/trainer.html">Trainer</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../training/learning_rates/index.html">Learning Rates</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="../../training/learning_rates/learning_rate_finder.html">Learning Rate Finder</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="../../training/learning_rates/learning_rate_schedules.html">Learning Rate Schedules</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="../../training/learning_rates/learning_rate_schedules_advanced.html">Advanced Learning Rate Schedules</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../training/normalization/index.html">Normalization Blocks</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../kvstore/index.html">KVStore</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../kvstore/kvstore.html">Distributed Key-Value Store</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../legacy/index.html">Legacy</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../legacy/ndarray/index.html">NDArray</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../legacy/ndarray/01-ndarray-intro.html">An Intro: Manipulate Data the MXNet Way with NDArray</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../legacy/ndarray/02-ndarray-operations.html">NDArray Operations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../legacy/ndarray/03-ndarray-contexts.html">NDArray Contexts</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../legacy/ndarray/gotchas_numpy_in_mxnet.html">Gotchas using NumPy in Apache MXNet</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../legacy/ndarray/sparse/index.html">Tutorials</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../legacy/ndarray/sparse/csr.html">CSRNDArray - NDArray in Compressed Sparse Row Storage Format</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../legacy/ndarray/sparse/row_sparse.html">RowSparseNDArray - NDArray for Sparse Gradient Updates</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../np/index.html">What is NP on MXNet</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../np/cheat-sheet.html">The NP on MXNet cheat sheet</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../np/np-vs-numpy.html">Differences between NP on MXNet and NumPy</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../onnx/index.html">ONNX</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../onnx/fine_tuning_gluon.html">Fine-tuning an ONNX model</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../onnx/inference_on_onnx_model.html">Running inference on MXNet/Gluon from an ONNX model</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/python/docs/tutorials/deploy/export/onnx.html">Export ONNX Models</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../optimizer/index.html">Optimizers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../viz/index.html">Visualization</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/faq/visualize_graph">Visualize networks</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../performance/index.html">Performance</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../performance/compression/index.html">Compression</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../performance/compression/int8.html">Deploy with int-8</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/faq/float16">Float16</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/faq/gradient_compression">Gradient Compression</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://gluon-cv.mxnet.io/build/examples_deployment/int8_inference.html">GluonCV with Quantized Models</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../performance/backend/index.html">Accelerated Backend Tools</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../performance/backend/dnnl/index.html">oneDNN</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../performance/backend/dnnl/dnnl_readme.html">Install MXNet with oneDNN</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../performance/backend/dnnl/dnnl_quantization.html">oneDNN Quantization</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../performance/backend/dnnl/dnnl_quantization_inc.html">Improving accuracy with Intel® Neural Compressor</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../performance/backend/tvm.html">Use TVM</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../performance/backend/profiler.html">Profiling MXNet Models</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../performance/backend/amp.html">Using AMP: Automatic Mixed Precision</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../deploy/index.html">Deployment</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../deploy/export/index.html">Export</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../deploy/export/onnx.html">Exporting to ONNX format</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://gluon-cv.mxnet.io/build/examples_deployment/export_network.html">Export Gluon CV Models</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/python/docs/tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/save_load_params.html">Save / Load Parameters</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../deploy/inference/index.html">Inference</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../deploy/inference/cpp.html">Deploy into C++</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../deploy/inference/image_classification_jetson.html">Image Classication using pretrained ResNet-50 model on Jetson module</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../deploy/run-on-aws/index.html">Run on AWS</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../deploy/run-on-aws/use_ec2.html">Run on an EC2 Instance</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../deploy/run-on-aws/use_sagemaker.html">Run on Amazon SageMaker</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../deploy/run-on-aws/cloud.html">MXNet on the Cloud</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../extend/index.html">Extend</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../extend/customop.html">Custom Numpy Operators</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/faq/new_op">New Operator Creation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/faq/add_op_in_backend">New Operator in MXNet Backend</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/faq/using_rtc">Using RTC for CUDA kernels</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/index.html">Python API</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/index.html">mxnet.np</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/arrays.html">Array objects</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/arrays.ndarray.html">The N-dimensional array (<code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ndarray</span></code>)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/arrays.indexing.html">Indexing</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/routines.html">Routines</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/routines.array-creation.html">Array creation routines</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.eye.html">mxnet.np.eye</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.empty.html">mxnet.np.empty</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.full.html">mxnet.np.full</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.identity.html">mxnet.np.identity</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ones.html">mxnet.np.ones</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ones_like.html">mxnet.np.ones_like</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.zeros.html">mxnet.np.zeros</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.zeros_like.html">mxnet.np.zeros_like</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.array.html">mxnet.np.array</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.copy.html">mxnet.np.copy</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arange.html">mxnet.np.arange</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linspace.html">mxnet.np.linspace</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.logspace.html">mxnet.np.logspace</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.meshgrid.html">mxnet.np.meshgrid</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.tril.html">mxnet.np.tril</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/routines.array-manipulation.html">Array manipulation routines</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.reshape.html">mxnet.np.reshape</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ravel.html">mxnet.np.ravel</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ndarray.flatten.html">mxnet.np.ndarray.flatten</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.swapaxes.html">mxnet.np.swapaxes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ndarray.T.html">mxnet.np.ndarray.T</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.transpose.html">mxnet.np.transpose</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.moveaxis.html">mxnet.np.moveaxis</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.rollaxis.html">mxnet.np.rollaxis</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.expand_dims.html">mxnet.np.expand_dims</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.squeeze.html">mxnet.np.squeeze</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.broadcast_to.html">mxnet.np.broadcast_to</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.broadcast_arrays.html">mxnet.np.broadcast_arrays</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.atleast_1d.html">mxnet.np.atleast_1d</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.atleast_2d.html">mxnet.np.atleast_2d</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.atleast_3d.html">mxnet.np.atleast_3d</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.concatenate.html">mxnet.np.concatenate</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.stack.html">mxnet.np.stack</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.dstack.html">mxnet.np.dstack</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.vstack.html">mxnet.np.vstack</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.column_stack.html">mxnet.np.column_stack</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.hstack.html">mxnet.np.hstack</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.split.html">mxnet.np.split</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.hsplit.html">mxnet.np.hsplit</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.vsplit.html">mxnet.np.vsplit</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.array_split.html">mxnet.np.array_split</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.dsplit.html">mxnet.np.dsplit</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.tile.html">mxnet.np.tile</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.repeat.html">mxnet.np.repeat</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.unique.html">mxnet.np.unique</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.delete.html">mxnet.np.delete</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.insert.html">mxnet.np.insert</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.append.html">mxnet.np.append</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.resize.html">mxnet.np.resize</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.trim_zeros.html">mxnet.np.trim_zeros</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.reshape.html">mxnet.np.reshape</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.flip.html">mxnet.np.flip</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.roll.html">mxnet.np.roll</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.rot90.html">mxnet.np.rot90</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.fliplr.html">mxnet.np.fliplr</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.flipud.html">mxnet.np.flipud</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/routines.io.html">Input and output</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.genfromtxt.html">mxnet.np.genfromtxt</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ndarray.tolist.html">mxnet.np.ndarray.tolist</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.set_printoptions.html">mxnet.np.set_printoptions</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/routines.linalg.html">Linear algebra (<code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">numpy.linalg</span></code>)</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.dot.html">mxnet.np.dot</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.vdot.html">mxnet.np.vdot</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.inner.html">mxnet.np.inner</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.outer.html">mxnet.np.outer</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.tensordot.html">mxnet.np.tensordot</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.einsum.html">mxnet.np.einsum</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.multi_dot.html">mxnet.np.linalg.multi_dot</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.matmul.html">mxnet.np.matmul</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.matrix_power.html">mxnet.np.linalg.matrix_power</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.kron.html">mxnet.np.kron</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.svd.html">mxnet.np.linalg.svd</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.cholesky.html">mxnet.np.linalg.cholesky</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.qr.html">mxnet.np.linalg.qr</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.eig.html">mxnet.np.linalg.eig</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.eigh.html">mxnet.np.linalg.eigh</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.eigvals.html">mxnet.np.linalg.eigvals</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.eigvalsh.html">mxnet.np.linalg.eigvalsh</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.norm.html">mxnet.np.linalg.norm</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.trace.html">mxnet.np.trace</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.cond.html">mxnet.np.linalg.cond</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.det.html">mxnet.np.linalg.det</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.matrix_rank.html">mxnet.np.linalg.matrix_rank</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.slogdet.html">mxnet.np.linalg.slogdet</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.solve.html">mxnet.np.linalg.solve</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.tensorsolve.html">mxnet.np.linalg.tensorsolve</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.lstsq.html">mxnet.np.linalg.lstsq</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.inv.html">mxnet.np.linalg.inv</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.pinv.html">mxnet.np.linalg.pinv</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.tensorinv.html">mxnet.np.linalg.tensorinv</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/routines.math.html">Mathematical functions</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.sin.html">mxnet.np.sin</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.cos.html">mxnet.np.cos</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.tan.html">mxnet.np.tan</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arcsin.html">mxnet.np.arcsin</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arccos.html">mxnet.np.arccos</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arctan.html">mxnet.np.arctan</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.degrees.html">mxnet.np.degrees</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.radians.html">mxnet.np.radians</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.hypot.html">mxnet.np.hypot</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arctan2.html">mxnet.np.arctan2</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.deg2rad.html">mxnet.np.deg2rad</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.rad2deg.html">mxnet.np.rad2deg</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.unwrap.html">mxnet.np.unwrap</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.sinh.html">mxnet.np.sinh</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.cosh.html">mxnet.np.cosh</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.tanh.html">mxnet.np.tanh</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arcsinh.html">mxnet.np.arcsinh</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arccosh.html">mxnet.np.arccosh</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arctanh.html">mxnet.np.arctanh</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.rint.html">mxnet.np.rint</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.fix.html">mxnet.np.fix</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.floor.html">mxnet.np.floor</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ceil.html">mxnet.np.ceil</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.trunc.html">mxnet.np.trunc</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.around.html">mxnet.np.around</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.round_.html">mxnet.np.round_</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.sum.html">mxnet.np.sum</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.prod.html">mxnet.np.prod</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.cumsum.html">mxnet.np.cumsum</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nanprod.html">mxnet.np.nanprod</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nansum.html">mxnet.np.nansum</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.cumprod.html">mxnet.np.cumprod</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nancumprod.html">mxnet.np.nancumprod</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nancumsum.html">mxnet.np.nancumsum</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.diff.html">mxnet.np.diff</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ediff1d.html">mxnet.np.ediff1d</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.cross.html">mxnet.np.cross</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.trapz.html">mxnet.np.trapz</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.exp.html">mxnet.np.exp</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.expm1.html">mxnet.np.expm1</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.log.html">mxnet.np.log</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.log10.html">mxnet.np.log10</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.log2.html">mxnet.np.log2</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.log1p.html">mxnet.np.log1p</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.logaddexp.html">mxnet.np.logaddexp</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.i0.html">mxnet.np.i0</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ldexp.html">mxnet.np.ldexp</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.signbit.html">mxnet.np.signbit</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.copysign.html">mxnet.np.copysign</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.frexp.html">mxnet.np.frexp</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.spacing.html">mxnet.np.spacing</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.lcm.html">mxnet.np.lcm</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.gcd.html">mxnet.np.gcd</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.add.html">mxnet.np.add</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.reciprocal.html">mxnet.np.reciprocal</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.negative.html">mxnet.np.negative</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.divide.html">mxnet.np.divide</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.power.html">mxnet.np.power</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.subtract.html">mxnet.np.subtract</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.mod.html">mxnet.np.mod</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.multiply.html">mxnet.np.multiply</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.true_divide.html">mxnet.np.true_divide</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.remainder.html">mxnet.np.remainder</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.positive.html">mxnet.np.positive</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.float_power.html">mxnet.np.float_power</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.fmod.html">mxnet.np.fmod</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.modf.html">mxnet.np.modf</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.divmod.html">mxnet.np.divmod</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.floor_divide.html">mxnet.np.floor_divide</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.clip.html">mxnet.np.clip</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.sqrt.html">mxnet.np.sqrt</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.cbrt.html">mxnet.np.cbrt</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.square.html">mxnet.np.square</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.absolute.html">mxnet.np.absolute</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.sign.html">mxnet.np.sign</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.maximum.html">mxnet.np.maximum</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.minimum.html">mxnet.np.minimum</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.fabs.html">mxnet.np.fabs</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.heaviside.html">mxnet.np.heaviside</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.fmax.html">mxnet.np.fmax</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.fmin.html">mxnet.np.fmin</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nan_to_num.html">mxnet.np.nan_to_num</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.interp.html">mxnet.np.interp</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/index.html">np.random</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.choice.html">mxnet.np.random.choice</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.shuffle.html">mxnet.np.random.shuffle</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.normal.html">mxnet.np.random.normal</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.uniform.html">mxnet.np.random.uniform</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.rand.html">mxnet.np.random.rand</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.randint.html">mxnet.np.random.randint</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.beta.html">mxnet.np.random.beta</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.chisquare.html">mxnet.np.random.chisquare</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.exponential.html">mxnet.np.random.exponential</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.f.html">mxnet.np.random.f</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.gamma.html">mxnet.np.random.gamma</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.gumbel.html">mxnet.np.random.gumbel</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.laplace.html">mxnet.np.random.laplace</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.logistic.html">mxnet.np.random.logistic</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.lognormal.html">mxnet.np.random.lognormal</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.multinomial.html">mxnet.np.random.multinomial</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.multivariate_normal.html">mxnet.np.random.multivariate_normal</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.pareto.html">mxnet.np.random.pareto</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.power.html">mxnet.np.random.power</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.rayleigh.html">mxnet.np.random.rayleigh</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.weibull.html">mxnet.np.random.weibull</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/routines.sort.html">Sorting, searching, and counting</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ndarray.sort.html">mxnet.np.ndarray.sort</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.sort.html">mxnet.np.sort</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.lexsort.html">mxnet.np.lexsort</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.argsort.html">mxnet.np.argsort</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.msort.html">mxnet.np.msort</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.partition.html">mxnet.np.partition</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.argpartition.html">mxnet.np.argpartition</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.argmax.html">mxnet.np.argmax</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.argmin.html">mxnet.np.argmin</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nanargmax.html">mxnet.np.nanargmax</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nanargmin.html">mxnet.np.nanargmin</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.argwhere.html">mxnet.np.argwhere</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nonzero.html">mxnet.np.nonzero</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.flatnonzero.html">mxnet.np.flatnonzero</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.where.html">mxnet.np.where</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.searchsorted.html">mxnet.np.searchsorted</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.extract.html">mxnet.np.extract</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.count_nonzero.html">mxnet.np.count_nonzero</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/routines.statistics.html">Statistics</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.min.html">mxnet.np.min</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.max.html">mxnet.np.max</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.amin.html">mxnet.np.amin</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.amax.html">mxnet.np.amax</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nanmin.html">mxnet.np.nanmin</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nanmax.html">mxnet.np.nanmax</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ptp.html">mxnet.np.ptp</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.percentile.html">mxnet.np.percentile</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nanpercentile.html">mxnet.np.nanpercentile</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.quantile.html">mxnet.np.quantile</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nanquantile.html">mxnet.np.nanquantile</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.mean.html">mxnet.np.mean</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.std.html">mxnet.np.std</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.var.html">mxnet.np.var</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.median.html">mxnet.np.median</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.average.html">mxnet.np.average</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nanmedian.html">mxnet.np.nanmedian</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nanstd.html">mxnet.np.nanstd</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nanvar.html">mxnet.np.nanvar</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.corrcoef.html">mxnet.np.corrcoef</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.correlate.html">mxnet.np.correlate</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.cov.html">mxnet.np.cov</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.histogram.html">mxnet.np.histogram</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.histogram2d.html">mxnet.np.histogram2d</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.histogramdd.html">mxnet.np.histogramdd</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.bincount.html">mxnet.np.bincount</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.histogram_bin_edges.html">mxnet.np.histogram_bin_edges</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.digitize.html">mxnet.np.digitize</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/index.html">NPX: NumPy Neural Network Extension</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.set_np.html">mxnet.npx.set_np</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.reset_np.html">mxnet.npx.reset_np</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.cpu.html">mxnet.npx.cpu</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.cpu_pinned.html">mxnet.npx.cpu_pinned</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.gpu.html">mxnet.npx.gpu</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.gpu_memory_info.html">mxnet.npx.gpu_memory_info</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.current_device.html">mxnet.npx.current_device</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.num_gpus.html">mxnet.npx.num_gpus</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.activation.html">mxnet.npx.activation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.batch_norm.html">mxnet.npx.batch_norm</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.convolution.html">mxnet.npx.convolution</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.dropout.html">mxnet.npx.dropout</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.embedding.html">mxnet.npx.embedding</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.fully_connected.html">mxnet.npx.fully_connected</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.layer_norm.html">mxnet.npx.layer_norm</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.pooling.html">mxnet.npx.pooling</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.rnn.html">mxnet.npx.rnn</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.leaky_relu.html">mxnet.npx.leaky_relu</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.multibox_detection.html">mxnet.npx.multibox_detection</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.multibox_prior.html">mxnet.npx.multibox_prior</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.multibox_target.html">mxnet.npx.multibox_target</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.roi_pooling.html">mxnet.npx.roi_pooling</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.sigmoid.html">mxnet.npx.sigmoid</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.relu.html">mxnet.npx.relu</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.smooth_l1.html">mxnet.npx.smooth_l1</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.softmax.html">mxnet.npx.softmax</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.log_softmax.html">mxnet.npx.log_softmax</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.topk.html">mxnet.npx.topk</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.waitall.html">mxnet.npx.waitall</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.load.html">mxnet.npx.load</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.save.html">mxnet.npx.save</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.one_hot.html">mxnet.npx.one_hot</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.pick.html">mxnet.npx.pick</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.reshape_like.html">mxnet.npx.reshape_like</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.batch_flatten.html">mxnet.npx.batch_flatten</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.batch_dot.html">mxnet.npx.batch_dot</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.gamma.html">mxnet.npx.gamma</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.sequence_mask.html">mxnet.npx.sequence_mask</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/gluon/index.html">mxnet.gluon</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/gluon/block.html">gluon.Block</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/gluon/hybrid_block.html">gluon.HybridBlock</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/gluon/symbol_block.html">gluon.SymbolBlock</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/gluon/constant.html">gluon.Constant</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/gluon/parameter.html">gluon.Parameter</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/gluon/trainer.html">gluon.Trainer</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/gluon/contrib/index.html">gluon.contrib</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/gluon/data/index.html">gluon.data</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/gluon/data/vision/index.html">data.vision</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/gluon/data/vision/datasets/index.html">vision.datasets</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/gluon/data/vision/transforms/index.html">vision.transforms</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/gluon/loss/index.html">gluon.loss</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/gluon/metric/index.html">gluon.metric</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/gluon/model_zoo/index.html">gluon.model_zoo.vision</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/gluon/nn/index.html">gluon.nn</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/gluon/rnn/index.html">gluon.rnn</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/gluon/utils/index.html">gluon.utils</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/autograd/index.html">mxnet.autograd</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/initializer/index.html">mxnet.initializer</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/optimizer/index.html">mxnet.optimizer</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/lr_scheduler/index.html">mxnet.lr_scheduler</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/kvstore/index.html">KVStore: Communication for Distributed Training</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/kvstore/index.html#horovod">Horovod</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/kvstore/generated/mxnet.kvstore.Horovod.html">mxnet.kvstore.Horovod</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/kvstore/index.html#byteps">BytePS</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/kvstore/generated/mxnet.kvstore.BytePS.html">mxnet.kvstore.BytePS</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/kvstore/index.html#kvstore-interface">KVStore Interface</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/kvstore/generated/mxnet.kvstore.KVStore.html">mxnet.kvstore.KVStore</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/kvstore/generated/mxnet.kvstore.KVStoreBase.html">mxnet.kvstore.KVStoreBase</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/kvstore/generated/mxnet.kvstore.KVStoreServer.html">mxnet.kvstore.KVStoreServer</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/contrib/index.html">mxnet.contrib</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/contrib/io/index.html">contrib.io</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/contrib/ndarray/index.html">contrib.ndarray</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/contrib/onnx/index.html">contrib.onnx</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/contrib/quantization/index.html">contrib.quantization</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/contrib/symbol/index.html">contrib.symbol</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/contrib/tensorboard/index.html">contrib.tensorboard</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/contrib/tensorrt/index.html">contrib.tensorrt</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/contrib/text/index.html">contrib.text</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/index.html">Legacy</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/callback/index.html">mxnet.callback</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/image/index.html">mxnet.image</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/io/index.html">mxnet.io</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/ndarray/index.html">mxnet.ndarray</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/ndarray/ndarray.html">ndarray</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/ndarray/contrib/index.html">ndarray.contrib</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/ndarray/image/index.html">ndarray.image</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/ndarray/linalg/index.html">ndarray.linalg</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/ndarray/op/index.html">ndarray.op</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/ndarray/random/index.html">ndarray.random</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/ndarray/register/index.html">ndarray.register</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/ndarray/sparse/index.html">ndarray.sparse</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/ndarray/utils/index.html">ndarray.utils</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/recordio/index.html">mxnet.recordio</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/symbol/index.html">mxnet.symbol</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/symbol/symbol.html">symbol</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/symbol/contrib/index.html">symbol.contrib</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/symbol/image/index.html">symbol.image</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/symbol/linalg/index.html">symbol.linalg</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/symbol/op/index.html">symbol.op</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/symbol/random/index.html">symbol.random</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/symbol/register/index.html">symbol.register</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/symbol/sparse/index.html">symbol.sparse</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/legacy/visualization/index.html">mxnet.visualization</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/device/index.html">mxnet.device</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/engine/index.html">mxnet.engine</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/executor/index.html">mxnet.executor</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/kvstore_server/index.html">mxnet.kvstore_server</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/profiler/index.html">mxnet.profiler</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/rtc/index.html">mxnet.rtc</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/runtime/index.html">mxnet.runtime</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/runtime/generated/mxnet.runtime.Feature.html">mxnet.runtime.Feature</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/runtime/generated/mxnet.runtime.Features.html">mxnet.runtime.Features</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/runtime/generated/mxnet.runtime.feature_list.html">mxnet.runtime.feature_list</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/test_utils/index.html">mxnet.test_utils</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../../../api/util/index.html">mxnet.util</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</header>
<div class="document">
<div class="page-content" role="main">
<style>
/* CSS for nbsphinx extension */
/* remove conflicting styling from Sphinx themes */
div.nbinput,
div.nbinput div.prompt,
div.nbinput div.input_area,
div.nbinput div[class*=highlight],
div.nbinput div[class*=highlight] pre,
div.nboutput,
div.nbinput div.prompt,
div.nbinput div.output_area,
div.nboutput div[class*=highlight],
div.nboutput div[class*=highlight] pre {
background: none;
border: none;
padding: 0 0;
margin: 0;
box-shadow: none;
}
/* avoid gaps between output lines */
div.nboutput div[class*=highlight] pre {
line-height: normal;
}
/* input/output containers */
div.nbinput,
div.nboutput {
display: -webkit-flex;
display: flex;
align-items: flex-start;
margin: 0;
width: 100%;
}
@media (max-width: 540px) {
div.nbinput,
div.nboutput {
flex-direction: column;
}
}
/* input container */
div.nbinput {
padding-top: 5px;
}
/* last container */
div.nblast {
padding-bottom: 5px;
}
/* input prompt */
div.nbinput div.prompt pre {
color: #307FC1;
}
/* output prompt */
div.nboutput div.prompt pre {
color: #BF5B3D;
}
/* all prompts */
div.nbinput div.prompt,
div.nboutput div.prompt {
min-width: 7ex;
padding-top: 0.4em;
padding-right: 0.4em;
text-align: right;
flex: 0;
}
@media (max-width: 540px) {
div.nbinput div.prompt,
div.nboutput div.prompt {
text-align: left;
padding: 0.4em;
}
div.nboutput div.prompt.empty {
padding: 0;
}
}
/* disable scrollbars on prompts */
div.nbinput div.prompt pre,
div.nboutput div.prompt pre {
overflow: hidden;
}
/* input/output area */
div.nbinput div.input_area,
div.nboutput div.output_area {
padding: 0.4em;
-webkit-flex: 1;
flex: 1;
overflow: auto;
}
@media (max-width: 540px) {
div.nbinput div.input_area,
div.nboutput div.output_area {
width: 100%;
}
}
/* input area */
div.nbinput div.input_area {
border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
border-radius: 2px;
background: #f5f5f5;
}
/* override MathJax center alignment in output cells */
div.nboutput div[class*=MathJax] {
text-align: left !important;
}
/* override sphinx.ext.imgmath center alignment in output cells */
div.nboutput div.math p {
text-align: left;
}
/* standard error */
div.nboutput div.output_area.stderr {
background: #fdd;
}
/* ANSI colors */
.ansi-black-fg { color: #3E424D; }
.ansi-black-bg { background-color: #3E424D; }
.ansi-black-intense-fg { color: #282C36; }
.ansi-black-intense-bg { background-color: #282C36; }
.ansi-red-fg { color: #E75C58; }
.ansi-red-bg { background-color: #E75C58; }
.ansi-red-intense-fg { color: #B22B31; }
.ansi-red-intense-bg { background-color: #B22B31; }
.ansi-green-fg { color: #00A250; }
.ansi-green-bg { background-color: #00A250; }
.ansi-green-intense-fg { color: #007427; }
.ansi-green-intense-bg { background-color: #007427; }
.ansi-yellow-fg { color: #DDB62B; }
.ansi-yellow-bg { background-color: #DDB62B; }
.ansi-yellow-intense-fg { color: #B27D12; }
.ansi-yellow-intense-bg { background-color: #B27D12; }
.ansi-blue-fg { color: #208FFB; }
.ansi-blue-bg { background-color: #208FFB; }
.ansi-blue-intense-fg { color: #0065CA; }
.ansi-blue-intense-bg { background-color: #0065CA; }
.ansi-magenta-fg { color: #D160C4; }
.ansi-magenta-bg { background-color: #D160C4; }
.ansi-magenta-intense-fg { color: #A03196; }
.ansi-magenta-intense-bg { background-color: #A03196; }
.ansi-cyan-fg { color: #60C6C8; }
.ansi-cyan-bg { background-color: #60C6C8; }
.ansi-cyan-intense-fg { color: #258F8F; }
.ansi-cyan-intense-bg { background-color: #258F8F; }
.ansi-white-fg { color: #C5C1B4; }
.ansi-white-bg { background-color: #C5C1B4; }
.ansi-white-intense-fg { color: #A1A6B2; }
.ansi-white-intense-bg { background-color: #A1A6B2; }
.ansi-default-inverse-fg { color: #FFFFFF; }
.ansi-default-inverse-bg { background-color: #000000; }
.ansi-bold { font-weight: bold; }
.ansi-underline { text-decoration: underline; }
/* Some additional styling taken form the Jupyter notebook CSS */
div.rendered_html table {
border: none;
border-collapse: collapse;
border-spacing: 0;
color: black;
font-size: 12px;
table-layout: fixed;
}
div.rendered_html thead {
border-bottom: 1px solid black;
vertical-align: bottom;
}
div.rendered_html tr,
div.rendered_html th,
div.rendered_html td {
text-align: right;
vertical-align: middle;
padding: 0.5em 0.5em;
line-height: normal;
white-space: normal;
max-width: none;
border: none;
}
div.rendered_html th {
font-weight: bold;
}
div.rendered_html tbody tr:nth-child(odd) {
background: #f5f5f5;
}
div.rendered_html tbody tr:hover {
background: rgba(66, 165, 245, 0.2);
}
</style>
<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one --><!--- or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file --><!--- distributed with this work for additional information --><!--- regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file --><!--- to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the --><!--- "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance --><!--- with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at --><!--- http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 --><!--- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, --><!--- software distributed under the License is distributed on an --><!--- "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY --><!--- KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the --><!--- specific language governing permissions and limitations --><!--- under the License. --><div class="section" id="Activation-Blocks">
<h1>Activation Blocks<a class="headerlink" href="#Activation-Blocks" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>Deep neural networks are a way to express a nonlinear function with lots of parameters from input data to outputs. The nonlinearities that allow neural networks to capture complex patterns in data are referred to as activation functions. Over the course of the development of neural networks, several nonlinear activation functions have been introduced to make gradient-based deep learning tractable.</p>
<p>If you are looking to answer the question, ‘which activation function should I use for my neural network model?’, you should probably go with <em>ReLU</em>. Unless you’re trying to implement something like a gating mechanism, like in LSTMs or GRU cells, then you should opt for sigmoid and/or tanh in those cells. However, if you have a working model architecture and you’re trying to improve its performance by swapping out activation functions or treating the activation function as a hyperparameter, then
you may want to try hand-designed activations like SELU, SiLU, or GELU. This guide describes these activation functions and others implemented in MXNet in detail.</p>
<div class="section" id="Visualizing-Activations">
<h2>Visualizing Activations<a class="headerlink" href="#Visualizing-Activations" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>In order to compare the various activation functions and to understand the nuances of their differences we have a snippet of code to plot the activation functions (used in the forward pass) and their gradients (used in the backward pass).</p>
<div class="nbinput nblast docutils container">
<div class="prompt highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[1]:
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="input_area highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>
<span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">numpy</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">np</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">mxnet</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">mx</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">pyplot</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">plt</span>
<span class="o">%</span><span class="n">matplotlib</span> <span class="n">inline</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">visualize_activation</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">activation_fn</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">linspace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">501</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">x</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">attach_grad</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">autograd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">record</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">activation_fn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">y</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">backward</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">figure</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">asnumpy</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">grad</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">asnumpy</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="n">activation</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">activation_fn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="vm">__class__</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="vm">__name__</span><span class="p">[:</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">legend</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s2"> activation&quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">activation</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s2"> gradient&quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">activation</span><span class="p">)])</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="Sigmoids">
<h2>Sigmoids<a class="headerlink" href="#Sigmoids" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<div class="section" id="Sigmoid">
<h3>Sigmoid<a class="headerlink" href="#Sigmoid" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>The sigmoid activation function, also known as the logistic function or logit function, is perhaps the most widely known activation owing to its <a class="reference external" href="http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~hinton/absps/pdp8.pdf">long history</a> in neural network training and appearance in logistic regression and kernel methods for classification.</p>
<p>The sigmoid activation is a non-linear function that transforms any real valued input to a value between 0 and 1, giving it a natural probabilistic interpretation. The sigmoid takes the form of the function below.</p>
<div class="math notranslate nohighlight">
\[\sigma(x) = \dfrac{1}{1 + e^x}\]</div>
<p>or alternatively</p>
<div class="math notranslate nohighlight">
\[\sigma(x) = \dfrac{e^x}{e^x + 1}\]</div>
<p>Warning: the term sigmoid is overloaded and can be used to refer to the class of ‘s’ shaped functions or particularly to the logistic function that we’ve just described. In MxNet the sigmoid activation specifically refers to logistic function sigmoid.</p>
<div class="nbinput docutils container">
<div class="prompt highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[2]:
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="input_area highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>
<span></span><span class="n">visualize_activation</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">gluon</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Activation</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;sigmoid&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nboutput docutils container">
<div class="prompt empty docutils container">
</div>
<div class="output_area stderr docutils container">
<div class="highlight"><pre>
[04:45:43] /work/mxnet/src/storage/storage.cc:202: Using Pooled (Naive) StorageManager for CPU
</pre></div></div>
</div>
<div class="nboutput nblast docutils container">
<div class="prompt empty docutils container">
</div>
<div class="output_area docutils container">
<img alt="../../../../../_images/tutorials_packages_gluon_blocks_activations_activations_3_1.png" src="../../../../../_images/tutorials_packages_gluon_blocks_activations_activations_3_1.png" />
</div>
</div>
<p><img alt="sigmoid activation and gradient" src="../../../../../_images/sigmoid.png" /></p>
<p>The sigmoid activation has since fallen out of use as the preferred activation function in designing neural networks due to some of its properties, shown in the plot above, like not being zero-centered and inducing vanishing gradients, that leads to poor performance during neural network training. Vanishing gradients here refers to the tendency of the gradient of the sigmoid function to be nearly zero for most input values.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="tanh">
<h3>tanh<a class="headerlink" href="#tanh" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>The tanh, or hyperbolic tangent, activation function is also an s shaped curve albeit one whose output values range from -1 to 1. It is defined by the mathematical equation:</p>
<div class="math notranslate nohighlight">
\[tanh(x) = \dfrac{e^x - e^{-x}}{e^x + e^{-x}}\]</div>
<p>tanh addresses the issues of not being zero centered associated with the sigmoid activation function but still retains the vanishing gradient problems due to the gradient being asymptotically zero for values outside a narrow range of inputs.</p>
<p>In fact, the tanh can be rewritten as,</p>
<div class="math notranslate nohighlight">
\[tanh(x) = \dfrac{e^{2x} - 1}{e^{2x} + 1}\]</div>
<p>which shows its direct relation to sigmoid by the following equation:</p>
<div class="math notranslate nohighlight">
\[tanh(x) = 2\sigma(2x) - 1\]</div>
<div class="nbinput docutils container">
<div class="prompt highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[3]:
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="input_area highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>
<span></span><span class="n">visualize_activation</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">gluon</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Activation</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;tanh&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nboutput nblast docutils container">
<div class="prompt empty docutils container">
</div>
<div class="output_area docutils container">
<img alt="../../../../../_images/tutorials_packages_gluon_blocks_activations_activations_5_0.png" src="../../../../../_images/tutorials_packages_gluon_blocks_activations_activations_5_0.png" />
</div>
</div>
<p><img alt="tanh activation and gradient" src="../../../../../_images/tanh.png" /></p>
<p>The use of tanh as activation functions in place of the logistic function was popularized by the success of the <a class="reference external" href="http://yann.lecun.com/exdb/publis/pdf/lecun-01a.pdf">LeNet architecture</a> and the <a class="reference external" href="http://yann.lecun.com/exdb/publis/pdf/lecun-98b.pdf">methods paper</a> by LeCun et al.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="SoftSign">
<h3>SoftSign<a class="headerlink" href="#SoftSign" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>The SoftSign activation is an alternative to tanh that is also centered at zero but converges asymptotically to -1 and 1 polynomially instead of exponentially. This means that the SoftSign activation does not saturate as quickly as tanh. As such, there are a greater range of input values for which the softsign assigns an output of strictly between -1 and 1.</p>
<div class="math notranslate nohighlight">
\[softsign(x) = \dfrac{x}{abs(x) + 1}\]</div>
<div class="nbinput docutils container">
<div class="prompt highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[4]:
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="input_area highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>
<span></span><span class="n">visualize_activation</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">gluon</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Activation</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;softsign&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nboutput nblast docutils container">
<div class="prompt empty docutils container">
</div>
<div class="output_area docutils container">
<img alt="../../../../../_images/tutorials_packages_gluon_blocks_activations_activations_7_0.png" src="../../../../../_images/tutorials_packages_gluon_blocks_activations_activations_7_0.png" />
</div>
</div>
<p><img alt="softsign activation and gradient" src="../../../../../_images/softsign.png" /></p>
<p>The softsign function is not a commonly used activation with most neural networks and still suffers from the vanishing gradient problem as seen in the graph above.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="Rectifiers">
<h2>Rectifiers<a class="headerlink" href="#Rectifiers" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<div class="section" id="ReLU">
<h3>ReLU<a class="headerlink" href="#ReLU" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>ReLU, or Rectified Linear Unit is the most common activation function in convolutional neural networks and introduces a simple nonlinearity. When the value of the input into ReLU is positive, then it retains the same value. When the value is negative then it becomes zero. In equation form, the ReLU function is given as:</p>
<div class="math notranslate nohighlight">
\[ReLU(x) = \mathtt{max}(0, x)\]</div>
<p>ReLU was introduced to neural networks in the <a class="reference external" href="https://papers.nips.cc/paper/1793-permitted-and-forbidden-sets-in-symmetric-threshold-linear-networks.pdf">paper by Hahnloser et al</a> and gained widespread popularity after it was shown in the <a class="reference external" href="https://papers.nips.cc/paper/4824-imagenet-classification-with-deep-convolutional-neural-networks.pdf">paper</a> by Alex Krizhevsky et al to perform much better than sigmoid and tanh. This paper also introduced the AlexNet CNN that won the ILSVRC challenge
in 2012.</p>
<p>ReLU is the most widely used activation due to its simplicity and performance across multiple datasets and although there have been efforts to introduce activation functions, many of them described in this tutorial, that improve on ReLU, they have not gained as much widespread adoption.</p>
<div class="nbinput docutils container">
<div class="prompt highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[5]:
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="input_area highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>
<span></span><span class="n">visualize_activation</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">gluon</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Activation</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;relu&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nboutput nblast docutils container">
<div class="prompt empty docutils container">
</div>
<div class="output_area docutils container">
<img alt="../../../../../_images/tutorials_packages_gluon_blocks_activations_activations_9_0.png" src="../../../../../_images/tutorials_packages_gluon_blocks_activations_activations_9_0.png" />
</div>
</div>
<p><img alt="relu activation and gradient" src="../../../../../_images/relu.png" /></p>
<p>As shown above, the ReLU activation mitigates the vanishing gradient problem associated with the sigmoid family of activations, by having a larger (infinite) range of values where its gradient is non-zero. However, one drawback of ReLU as an activation function is a phenomenon referred to as the ‘Dying ReLU’, where gradient-based parameter updates can happen in such a way that the gradient flowing through a ReLU unit is always zero and the connection is never activated. This can largely be
addressed by ensuring that the tuning the learning rate to ensure that it’s not set too large when training ReLU networks.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="SoftReLU">
<h3>SoftReLU<a class="headerlink" href="#SoftReLU" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>SoftReLU also known as SmoothReLU or SoftPlus is a nonlinear activation function that takes the form</p>
<div class="math notranslate nohighlight">
\[SoftReLU(x) = log(1 + e^x)\]</div>
<p>The SoftReLU can be seen as a smooth version of the ReLU by observing that its derivative is the sigmoid, seen below, which is a smooth version of the gradient of the ReLU shown above.</p>
<div class="nbinput docutils container">
<div class="prompt highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[6]:
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="input_area highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>
<span></span><span class="n">visualize_activation</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">gluon</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Activation</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;softrelu&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nboutput nblast docutils container">
<div class="prompt empty docutils container">
</div>
<div class="output_area docutils container">
<img alt="../../../../../_images/tutorials_packages_gluon_blocks_activations_activations_11_0.png" src="../../../../../_images/tutorials_packages_gluon_blocks_activations_activations_11_0.png" />
</div>
</div>
<p><img alt="softrelu activation and gradient" src="../../../../../_images/softrelu.png" /></p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="Leaky-ReLU">
<h3>Leaky ReLU<a class="headerlink" href="#Leaky-ReLU" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Leaky ReLUs are a variant of ReLU that multiply the input by a small positive parameter <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\alpha\)</span> when the value is negative. Unlike the ReLU which sets the activation and gradient for negative values to zero, the LeakyReLU allows a small gradient. The equation for the LeakyReLU is:</p>
<div class="math notranslate nohighlight">
\[\begin{split} LeakyReLU(\alpha, x) = \begin{cases}
x,&amp; \text{if } x\geq 0\\
\alpha x, &amp; \text{otherwise}
\end{cases}\end{split}\]</div>
<p>where <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\alpha &gt; 0\)</span> is small positive number. In MXNet, by default the <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\alpha\)</span> parameter is set to 0.01.</p>
<p>Here is a visualization for the LeakyReLU with <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\alpha = 0.05\)</span></p>
<div class="nbinput docutils container">
<div class="prompt highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[7]:
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="input_area highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>
<span></span><span class="n">visualize_activation</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">gluon</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">LeakyReLU</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.05</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nboutput nblast docutils container">
<div class="prompt empty docutils container">
</div>
<div class="output_area docutils container">
<img alt="../../../../../_images/tutorials_packages_gluon_blocks_activations_activations_13_0.png" src="../../../../../_images/tutorials_packages_gluon_blocks_activations_activations_13_0.png" />
</div>
</div>
<p><img alt="leakyrelu activation and gradient" src="../../../../../_images/leakyrelu.png" /></p>
<p>As shown in the graph, the LeakyReLU’s gradient is non-zero everywhere, in an attempt to address the ReLU’s gradient being zero for all negative values.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="PReLU">
<h3>PReLU<a class="headerlink" href="#PReLU" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>The PReLU activation function, or Parametric Leaky ReLU introduced by <a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1502.01852.pdf">He et al</a>, is a version of LeakyReLU that learns the parameter <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\alpha\)</span> during training. An initialization parameter is passed into the PreLU activation layer and this is treated as a learnable parameter that is updated via gradient descent during training. This is in contrast to LeakyReLU where <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\alpha\)</span> is a hyperparameter.</p>
<div class="nbinput docutils container">
<div class="prompt highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[8]:
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="input_area highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>
<span></span><span class="n">prelu</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">gluon</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PReLU</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">init</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Normal</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.05</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">prelu</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">initialize</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">visualize_activation</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">prelu</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nboutput nblast docutils container">
<div class="prompt empty docutils container">
</div>
<div class="output_area docutils container">
<img alt="../../../../../_images/tutorials_packages_gluon_blocks_activations_activations_15_0.png" src="../../../../../_images/tutorials_packages_gluon_blocks_activations_activations_15_0.png" />
</div>
</div>
<p><img alt="prelu activation and gradient" src="../../../../../_images/prelu.png" /></p>
<p>The activation function and activation gradient of PReLU have the same shape as LeakyRELU.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="ELU">
<h3>ELU<a class="headerlink" href="#ELU" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>The ELU or exponential linear unit introduced by <a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1511.07289">Clevert et al</a> also addresses the vanishing gradient problem like ReLU and its variants but unlike the ReLU family, ELU allows negative values which may allow them to push mean unit activations closer to zero like batch normalization.</p>
<p>The ELU function has the form</p>
<div class="math notranslate nohighlight">
\[\begin{split} ELU(\alpha, x) = \begin{cases}
x,&amp; \text{if } x\geq 0\\
\alpha (e^x - 1), &amp; \text{otherwise}
\end{cases}\end{split}\]</div>
<div class="nbinput docutils container">
<div class="prompt highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[9]:
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="input_area highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>
<span></span><span class="n">visualize_activation</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">gluon</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ELU</span><span class="p">())</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nboutput nblast docutils container">
<div class="prompt empty docutils container">
</div>
<div class="output_area docutils container">
<img alt="../../../../../_images/tutorials_packages_gluon_blocks_activations_activations_17_0.png" src="../../../../../_images/tutorials_packages_gluon_blocks_activations_activations_17_0.png" />
</div>
</div>
<p><img alt="elu activation and gradient" src="../../../../../_images/elu.png" /></p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="SELU">
<h3>SELU<a class="headerlink" href="#SELU" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>SELU stands for Scaled Exponential Linear Unit and was introduced by <a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.02515">Klambuer et al</a> and is a modification of the ELU that improves the normalization of its outputs towards a zero mean and unit variance.</p>
<p>The SELU function has the form</p>
<div class="math notranslate nohighlight">
\[\begin{split} SELU(\alpha, x) = \lambda \cdot\begin{cases}
x,&amp; \text{if } x\geq 0\\
\alpha (e^x - 1), &amp; \text{otherwise}
\end{cases}\end{split}\]</div>
<p>In SELU, unlike ELU, the parameters <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\alpha\)</span> and <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\lambda\)</span> are fixed parameters calculated from the data. For standard scaled inputs, these values are</p>
<div class="math notranslate nohighlight">
\[\alpha=1.6732, \lambda=1.0507\]</div>
<p>as calculated in the paper.</p>
<div class="nbinput docutils container">
<div class="prompt highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[10]:
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="input_area highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>
<span></span><span class="n">visualize_activation</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">gluon</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SELU</span><span class="p">())</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nboutput nblast docutils container">
<div class="prompt empty docutils container">
</div>
<div class="output_area docutils container">
<img alt="../../../../../_images/tutorials_packages_gluon_blocks_activations_activations_19_0.png" src="../../../../../_images/tutorials_packages_gluon_blocks_activations_activations_19_0.png" />
</div>
</div>
<p><img alt="selu activation and gradient" src="../../../../../_images/selu.png" /></p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="SiLU">
<h3>SiLU<a class="headerlink" href="#SiLU" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>The SiLU is an activation function that attempts to address the shortcomings of ReLU by combining ideas from ReLU and sigmoid. The SiLU serves as a smooth approximation to the ReLU and was originally introduced in <a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.08415">Hendrycks et al</a>.</p>
<p>The silu function is given as</p>
<div class="math notranslate nohighlight">
\[silu(x) = x\cdot\sigma(x)\]</div>
<p>where <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\sigma\)</span> is the sigmoid activation function <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\sigma(x) = \frac{1}{1 + e^{-x}}\)</span> described above.</p>
<div class="nbinput docutils container">
<div class="prompt highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[11]:
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="input_area highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>
<span></span><span class="n">visualize_activation</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">gluon</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SiLU</span><span class="p">())</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nboutput nblast docutils container">
<div class="prompt empty docutils container">
</div>
<div class="output_area docutils container">
<img alt="../../../../../_images/tutorials_packages_gluon_blocks_activations_activations_21_0.png" src="../../../../../_images/tutorials_packages_gluon_blocks_activations_activations_21_0.png" />
</div>
</div>
<p><img alt="silu activation and gradient" src="../../../../../_images/silu.png" /></p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="GELU">
<h3>GELU<a class="headerlink" href="#GELU" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>The GELU is a smooth approximation to the ReLU and was introduced in <a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.08415">Hendrycks et al</a>. It is a common activation function in architectures such as Transformers, BERT, and GPT.</p>
<p>The gelu function is given as</p>
<div class="math notranslate nohighlight">
\[gelu(x) = x\cdot\Phi(x),\]</div>
<p>whereas the ReLU can be written as <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(x\cdot\mathbf{1}(x&gt;0)\)</span>, so <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(Phi(x)\)</span> serves as a smooth approximation to the ReLU’s indicator function.</p>
<p>Note <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\Phi(x) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2 \pi}} \exp\left\{-\frac{x^2}{2}\right\}\)</span> is the standard normal cumulative distribution.</p>
<div class="nbinput docutils container">
<div class="prompt highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[12]:
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="input_area highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>
<span></span><span class="n">visualize_activation</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">gluon</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">GELU</span><span class="p">())</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nboutput nblast docutils container">
<div class="prompt empty docutils container">
</div>
<div class="output_area docutils container">
<img alt="../../../../../_images/tutorials_packages_gluon_blocks_activations_activations_23_0.png" src="../../../../../_images/tutorials_packages_gluon_blocks_activations_activations_23_0.png" />
</div>
</div>
<p><img alt="gelu activation and gradient" src="../../../../../_images/gelu.png" /></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="Summary">
<h2>Summary<a class="headerlink" href="#Summary" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Activation functions introduce non-linearities to deep neural network that allow the models to capture complex interactions between features of the data.</p></li>
<li><p>ReLU is the activation function that is commonly used in many neural network architectures because of its simplicity and performance.</p></li>
<li><p>Sigmoids like the logistic (sigmoid) function and tanh where the first kinds of activation functions used in neural networks. They have since fallen out of use because of their tendency to saturate and have vanishing gradients.</p></li>
<li><p>Rectifiers like ReLU do not saturate like the Sigmoids and so address the vanishing gradient problem making them the de facto activation functions. ReLU however is still plagued by the dying ReLU problem.</p></li>
<li><p>LeakyReLU and PReLU are two similar approaches to improve ReLU and address the dying ReLU by introducing a parameter <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\alpha\)</span> (learned in PReLU) that leaks to the gradient of negative inputs</p></li>
<li><p>MXNet also implements custom state-of-the-art activations like ELU, SELU, SiLU, and GELU.</p></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="Next-Steps">
<h2>Next Steps<a class="headerlink" href="#Next-Steps" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>Activations are just one component of neural network architectures. Here are a few MXNet resources to learn more about activation functions and how they they combine with other components of neural nets. * Learn how to create a Neural Network with these activation layers and other neural network layers in the <a class="reference internal" href="../../../../getting-started/crash-course/index.html"><span class="doc">Gluon crash course</span></a>. * Check out the guide to MXNet <a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html"><span class="doc">gluon layers and blocks</span></a> to learn about the other neural
network layers in implemented in MXNet and how to create custom neural networks with these layers. * Also check out the <a class="reference internal" href="../../training/normalization/index.html"><span class="doc">guide to normalization layers</span></a> to learn about neural network layers that normalize their inputs. * Finally take a look at the <a class="reference internal" href="../custom-layer.html"><span class="doc">Custom Layer guide</span></a> to learn how to implement your own custom activation layer.</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr class="feedback-hr-top" />
<div class="feedback-container">
<div class="feedback-question">Did this page help you?</div>
<div class="feedback-answer-container">
<div class="feedback-answer yes-link" data-response="yes">Yes</div>
<div class="feedback-answer no-link" data-response="no">No</div>
</div>
<div class="feedback-thank-you">Thanks for your feedback!</div>
</div>
<hr class="feedback-hr-bottom" />
</div>
<div class="side-doc-outline">
<div class="side-doc-outline--content">
<div class="localtoc">
<p class="caption">
<span class="caption-text">Table Of Contents</span>
</p>
<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Activation Blocks</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#Visualizing-Activations">Visualizing Activations</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#Sigmoids">Sigmoids</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#Sigmoid">Sigmoid</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#tanh">tanh</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#SoftSign">SoftSign</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#Rectifiers">Rectifiers</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#ReLU">ReLU</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#SoftReLU">SoftReLU</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#Leaky-ReLU">Leaky ReLU</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#PReLU">PReLU</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#ELU">ELU</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#SELU">SELU</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#SiLU">SiLU</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#GELU">GELU</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#Summary">Summary</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#Next-Steps">Next Steps</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="clearer"></div>
</div><div class="pagenation">
<a id="button-prev" href="../save_load_params.html" class="mdl-button mdl-js-button mdl-js-ripple-effect mdl-button--colored" role="botton" accesskey="P">
<i class="pagenation-arrow-L fas fa-arrow-left fa-lg"></i>
<div class="pagenation-text">
<span class="pagenation-direction">Previous</span>
<div>Saving and Loading Gluon Models</div>
</div>
</a>
<a id="button-next" href="../../data/index.html" class="mdl-button mdl-js-button mdl-js-ripple-effect mdl-button--colored" role="botton" accesskey="N">
<i class="pagenation-arrow-R fas fa-arrow-right fa-lg"></i>
<div class="pagenation-text">
<span class="pagenation-direction">Next</span>
<div>Data Tutorials</div>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<footer class="site-footer h-card">
<div class="wrapper">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-4">
<h4 class="footer-category-title">Resources</h4>
<ul class="contact-list">
<li><a href="https://lists.apache.org/list.html?dev@mxnet.apache.org">Mailing list</a> <a class="u-email" href="mailto:dev-subscribe@mxnet.apache.org">(subscribe)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://discuss.mxnet.io">MXNet Discuss forum</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/apache/mxnet/issues">Github Issues</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/apache/mxnet/projects">Projects</a></li>
<li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MXNET/Apache+MXNet+Home">Developer Wiki</a></li>
<li><a href="/community">Contribute To MXNet</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-4"><ul class="social-media-list"><li><a href="https://github.com/apache/mxnet"><svg class="svg-icon"><use xlink:href="../../../../../_static/minima-social-icons.svg#github"></use></svg> <span class="username">apache/mxnet</span></a></li><li><a href="https://www.twitter.com/apachemxnet"><svg class="svg-icon"><use xlink:href="../../../../../_static/minima-social-icons.svg#twitter"></use></svg> <span class="username">apachemxnet</span></a></li><li><a href="https://youtube.com/apachemxnet"><svg class="svg-icon"><use xlink:href="../../../../../_static/minima-social-icons.svg#youtube"></use></svg> <span class="username">apachemxnet</span></a></li></ul>
</div>
<div class="col-4 footer-text">
<p>A flexible and efficient library for deep learning.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
<footer class="site-footer2">
<div class="wrapper">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-3">
<img src="../../../../../_static/apache_incubator_logo.png" class="footer-logo col-2">
</div>
<div class="footer-bottom-warning col-9">
<p>Apache MXNet is an effort undergoing incubation at <a href="http://www.apache.org/">The Apache Software Foundation</a> (ASF), <span style="font-weight:bold">sponsored by the <i>Apache Incubator</i></span>. Incubation is required
of all newly accepted projects until a further review indicates that the infrastructure,
communications, and decision making process have stabilized in a manner consistent with other
successful ASF projects. While incubation status is not necessarily a reflection of the completeness
or stability of the code, it does indicate that the project has yet to be fully endorsed by the ASF.
</p><p>"Copyright © 2017-2018, The Apache Software Foundation Apache MXNet, MXNet, Apache, the Apache
feather, and the Apache MXNet project logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of the
Apache Software Foundation."</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
</body>
</html>