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| <span class="mdl-layout-title toc">Table Of Contents</span> |
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| <ul class="current"> |
| <li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="../index.html">Python Tutorials</a><ul class="current"> |
| <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting-started/index.html">Getting Started</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting-started/crash-course/index.html">Crash Course</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting-started/crash-course/0-introduction.html">Introduction</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting-started/crash-course/1-nparray.html">Step 1: Manipulate data with NP on MXNet</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting-started/crash-course/2-create-nn.html">Step 2: Create a neural network</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting-started/crash-course/3-autograd.html">Step 3: Automatic differentiation with autograd</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting-started/crash-course/4-components.html">Step 4: Necessary components that are not in the network</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting-started/crash-course/5-datasets.html">Step 5: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DataLoader</span></code></a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting-started/crash-course/5-datasets.html#Using-own-data-with-included-Datasets">Using own data with included <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting-started/crash-course/5-datasets.html#Using-your-own-data-with-custom-Datasets">Using your own data with custom <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting-started/crash-course/5-datasets.html#New-in-MXNet-2.0:-faster-C++-backend-dataloaders">New in MXNet 2.0: faster C++ backend dataloaders</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting-started/crash-course/6-train-nn.html">Step 6: Train a Neural Network</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting-started/crash-course/7-use-gpus.html">Step 7: Load and Run a NN using GPU</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting-started/to-mxnet/index.html">Moving to MXNet from Other Frameworks</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting-started/to-mxnet/pytorch.html">PyTorch vs Apache MXNet</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting-started/gluon_from_experiment_to_deployment.html">Gluon: from experiment to deployment</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting-started/gluon_migration_guide.html">Gluon2.0: Migration Guide</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting-started/logistic_regression_explained.html">Logistic regression explained</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/python/docs/tutorials/packages/gluon/image/mnist.html">MNIST</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/index.html">Packages</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/autograd/index.html">Automatic Differentiation</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/index.html">Gluon</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/blocks/index.html">Blocks</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/blocks/custom-layer.html">Custom Layers</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/blocks/hybridize.html">Hybridize</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/blocks/init.html">Initialization</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/blocks/naming.html">Parameter and Block Naming</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/blocks/nn.html">Layers and Blocks</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/blocks/parameters.html">Parameter Management</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/blocks/save_load_params.html">Saving and Loading Gluon Models</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/blocks/activations/activations.html">Activation Blocks</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/data/index.html">Data Tutorials</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/data/data_augmentation.html">Image Augmentation</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/data/datasets.html">Gluon <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DataLoader</span></code></a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/data/datasets.html#Using-own-data-with-included-Datasets">Using own data with included <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/data/datasets.html#Using-own-data-with-custom-Datasets">Using own data with custom <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/data/datasets.html#Appendix:-Upgrading-from-Module-DataIter-to-Gluon-DataLoader">Appendix: Upgrading from Module <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DataIter</span></code> to Gluon <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DataLoader</span></code></a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/image/index.html">Image Tutorials</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/image/info_gan.html">Image similarity search with InfoGAN</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/image/mnist.html">Handwritten Digit Recognition</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/loss/index.html">Losses</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/loss/custom-loss.html">Custom Loss Blocks</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/loss/kl_divergence.html">Kullback-Leibler (KL) Divergence</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/loss/loss.html">Loss functions</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/text/index.html">Text Tutorials</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/text/gnmt.html">Google Neural Machine Translation</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/text/transformer.html">Machine Translation with Transformer</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/training/index.html">Training</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/training/fit_api_tutorial.html">MXNet Gluon Fit API</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/training/trainer.html">Trainer</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/training/learning_rates/index.html">Learning Rates</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/training/learning_rates/learning_rate_finder.html">Learning Rate Finder</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/training/learning_rates/learning_rate_schedules.html">Learning Rate Schedules</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/training/learning_rates/learning_rate_schedules_advanced.html">Advanced Learning Rate Schedules</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/training/normalization/index.html">Normalization Blocks</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/kvstore/index.html">KVStore</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/kvstore/kvstore.html">Distributed Key-Value Store</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/legacy/index.html">Legacy</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/legacy/ndarray/index.html">NDArray</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/legacy/ndarray/01-ndarray-intro.html">An Intro: Manipulate Data the MXNet Way with NDArray</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/legacy/ndarray/02-ndarray-operations.html">NDArray Operations</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/legacy/ndarray/03-ndarray-contexts.html">NDArray Contexts</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/legacy/ndarray/gotchas_numpy_in_mxnet.html">Gotchas using NumPy in Apache MXNet</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/legacy/ndarray/sparse/index.html">Tutorials</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/legacy/ndarray/sparse/csr.html">CSRNDArray - NDArray in Compressed Sparse Row Storage Format</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/legacy/ndarray/sparse/row_sparse.html">RowSparseNDArray - NDArray for Sparse Gradient Updates</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/np/index.html">What is NP on MXNet</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/np/cheat-sheet.html">The NP on MXNet cheat sheet</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/np/np-vs-numpy.html">Differences between NP on MXNet and NumPy</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/onnx/index.html">ONNX</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/onnx/fine_tuning_gluon.html">Fine-tuning an ONNX model</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/onnx/inference_on_onnx_model.html">Running inference on MXNet/Gluon from an ONNX model</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/python/docs/tutorials/deploy/export/onnx.html">Export ONNX Models</a></li> |
| </ul> |
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| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/optimizer/index.html">Optimizers</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/viz/index.html">Visualization</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/faq/visualize_graph">Visualize networks</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
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| <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../performance/index.html">Performance</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../performance/compression/index.html">Compression</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../performance/compression/int8.html">Deploy with int-8</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/faq/float16">Float16</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/faq/gradient_compression">Gradient Compression</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://gluon-cv.mxnet.io/build/examples_deployment/int8_inference.html">GluonCV with Quantized Models</a></li> |
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| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../performance/backend/index.html">Accelerated Backend Tools</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../performance/backend/dnnl/index.html">oneDNN</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../performance/backend/dnnl/dnnl_readme.html">Install MXNet with oneDNN</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../performance/backend/dnnl/dnnl_quantization.html">oneDNN Quantization</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../performance/backend/dnnl/dnnl_quantization_inc.html">Improving accuracy with Intel® Neural Compressor</a></li> |
| </ul> |
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| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../performance/backend/tvm.html">Use TVM</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../performance/backend/profiler.html">Profiling MXNet Models</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../performance/backend/amp.html">Using AMP: Automatic Mixed Precision</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
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| <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../deploy/index.html">Deployment</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../deploy/export/index.html">Export</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../deploy/export/onnx.html">Exporting to ONNX format</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://gluon-cv.mxnet.io/build/examples_deployment/export_network.html">Export Gluon CV Models</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/python/docs/tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/save_load_params.html">Save / Load Parameters</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../deploy/inference/index.html">Inference</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../deploy/inference/cpp.html">Deploy into C++</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../deploy/inference/image_classification_jetson.html">Image Classication using pretrained ResNet-50 model on Jetson module</a></li> |
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| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../deploy/run-on-aws/index.html">Run on AWS</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../deploy/run-on-aws/use_ec2.html">Run on an EC2 Instance</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../deploy/run-on-aws/use_sagemaker.html">Run on Amazon SageMaker</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../deploy/run-on-aws/cloud.html">MXNet on the Cloud</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Extend</a><ul class="current"> |
| <li class="toctree-l3 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Custom Numpy Operators</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/faq/new_op">New Operator Creation</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/faq/add_op_in_backend">New Operator in MXNet Backend</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/faq/using_rtc">Using RTC for CUDA kernels</a></li> |
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| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/index.html">Python API</a><ul> |
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| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/arrays.html">Array objects</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/arrays.ndarray.html">The N-dimensional array (<code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ndarray</span></code>)</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/arrays.indexing.html">Indexing</a></li> |
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| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/routines.html">Routines</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/routines.array-creation.html">Array creation routines</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.eye.html">mxnet.np.eye</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.empty.html">mxnet.np.empty</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.full.html">mxnet.np.full</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.identity.html">mxnet.np.identity</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ones.html">mxnet.np.ones</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ones_like.html">mxnet.np.ones_like</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.zeros.html">mxnet.np.zeros</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.zeros_like.html">mxnet.np.zeros_like</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.array.html">mxnet.np.array</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.copy.html">mxnet.np.copy</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arange.html">mxnet.np.arange</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linspace.html">mxnet.np.linspace</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.logspace.html">mxnet.np.logspace</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.meshgrid.html">mxnet.np.meshgrid</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.tril.html">mxnet.np.tril</a></li> |
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| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/routines.array-manipulation.html">Array manipulation routines</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.reshape.html">mxnet.np.reshape</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ravel.html">mxnet.np.ravel</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ndarray.flatten.html">mxnet.np.ndarray.flatten</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.swapaxes.html">mxnet.np.swapaxes</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ndarray.T.html">mxnet.np.ndarray.T</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.transpose.html">mxnet.np.transpose</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.moveaxis.html">mxnet.np.moveaxis</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.rollaxis.html">mxnet.np.rollaxis</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.expand_dims.html">mxnet.np.expand_dims</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.squeeze.html">mxnet.np.squeeze</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.broadcast_to.html">mxnet.np.broadcast_to</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.broadcast_arrays.html">mxnet.np.broadcast_arrays</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.atleast_1d.html">mxnet.np.atleast_1d</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.atleast_2d.html">mxnet.np.atleast_2d</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.atleast_3d.html">mxnet.np.atleast_3d</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.concatenate.html">mxnet.np.concatenate</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.stack.html">mxnet.np.stack</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.dstack.html">mxnet.np.dstack</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.vstack.html">mxnet.np.vstack</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.column_stack.html">mxnet.np.column_stack</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.hstack.html">mxnet.np.hstack</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.split.html">mxnet.np.split</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.hsplit.html">mxnet.np.hsplit</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.vsplit.html">mxnet.np.vsplit</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.array_split.html">mxnet.np.array_split</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.dsplit.html">mxnet.np.dsplit</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.tile.html">mxnet.np.tile</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.repeat.html">mxnet.np.repeat</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.unique.html">mxnet.np.unique</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.delete.html">mxnet.np.delete</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.insert.html">mxnet.np.insert</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.append.html">mxnet.np.append</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.resize.html">mxnet.np.resize</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.trim_zeros.html">mxnet.np.trim_zeros</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.reshape.html">mxnet.np.reshape</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.flip.html">mxnet.np.flip</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.roll.html">mxnet.np.roll</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.rot90.html">mxnet.np.rot90</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.fliplr.html">mxnet.np.fliplr</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.flipud.html">mxnet.np.flipud</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/routines.io.html">Input and output</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.genfromtxt.html">mxnet.np.genfromtxt</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ndarray.tolist.html">mxnet.np.ndarray.tolist</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.set_printoptions.html">mxnet.np.set_printoptions</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/routines.linalg.html">Linear algebra (<code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">numpy.linalg</span></code>)</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.dot.html">mxnet.np.dot</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.vdot.html">mxnet.np.vdot</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.inner.html">mxnet.np.inner</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.outer.html">mxnet.np.outer</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.tensordot.html">mxnet.np.tensordot</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.einsum.html">mxnet.np.einsum</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.multi_dot.html">mxnet.np.linalg.multi_dot</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.matmul.html">mxnet.np.matmul</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.matrix_power.html">mxnet.np.linalg.matrix_power</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.kron.html">mxnet.np.kron</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.svd.html">mxnet.np.linalg.svd</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.cholesky.html">mxnet.np.linalg.cholesky</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.qr.html">mxnet.np.linalg.qr</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.eig.html">mxnet.np.linalg.eig</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.eigh.html">mxnet.np.linalg.eigh</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.eigvals.html">mxnet.np.linalg.eigvals</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.eigvalsh.html">mxnet.np.linalg.eigvalsh</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.norm.html">mxnet.np.linalg.norm</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.trace.html">mxnet.np.trace</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.cond.html">mxnet.np.linalg.cond</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.det.html">mxnet.np.linalg.det</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.matrix_rank.html">mxnet.np.linalg.matrix_rank</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.slogdet.html">mxnet.np.linalg.slogdet</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.solve.html">mxnet.np.linalg.solve</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.tensorsolve.html">mxnet.np.linalg.tensorsolve</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.lstsq.html">mxnet.np.linalg.lstsq</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.inv.html">mxnet.np.linalg.inv</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.pinv.html">mxnet.np.linalg.pinv</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.tensorinv.html">mxnet.np.linalg.tensorinv</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/routines.math.html">Mathematical functions</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.sin.html">mxnet.np.sin</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.cos.html">mxnet.np.cos</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.tan.html">mxnet.np.tan</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arcsin.html">mxnet.np.arcsin</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arccos.html">mxnet.np.arccos</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arctan.html">mxnet.np.arctan</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.degrees.html">mxnet.np.degrees</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.radians.html">mxnet.np.radians</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.hypot.html">mxnet.np.hypot</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arctan2.html">mxnet.np.arctan2</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.deg2rad.html">mxnet.np.deg2rad</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.rad2deg.html">mxnet.np.rad2deg</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.unwrap.html">mxnet.np.unwrap</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.sinh.html">mxnet.np.sinh</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.cosh.html">mxnet.np.cosh</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.tanh.html">mxnet.np.tanh</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arcsinh.html">mxnet.np.arcsinh</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arccosh.html">mxnet.np.arccosh</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arctanh.html">mxnet.np.arctanh</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.rint.html">mxnet.np.rint</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.fix.html">mxnet.np.fix</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.floor.html">mxnet.np.floor</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ceil.html">mxnet.np.ceil</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.trunc.html">mxnet.np.trunc</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.around.html">mxnet.np.around</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.round_.html">mxnet.np.round_</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.sum.html">mxnet.np.sum</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.prod.html">mxnet.np.prod</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.cumsum.html">mxnet.np.cumsum</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nanprod.html">mxnet.np.nanprod</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nansum.html">mxnet.np.nansum</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.cumprod.html">mxnet.np.cumprod</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nancumprod.html">mxnet.np.nancumprod</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nancumsum.html">mxnet.np.nancumsum</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.diff.html">mxnet.np.diff</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ediff1d.html">mxnet.np.ediff1d</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.cross.html">mxnet.np.cross</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.trapz.html">mxnet.np.trapz</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.exp.html">mxnet.np.exp</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.expm1.html">mxnet.np.expm1</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.log.html">mxnet.np.log</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.log10.html">mxnet.np.log10</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.log2.html">mxnet.np.log2</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.log1p.html">mxnet.np.log1p</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.logaddexp.html">mxnet.np.logaddexp</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.i0.html">mxnet.np.i0</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ldexp.html">mxnet.np.ldexp</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.signbit.html">mxnet.np.signbit</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.copysign.html">mxnet.np.copysign</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.frexp.html">mxnet.np.frexp</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.spacing.html">mxnet.np.spacing</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.lcm.html">mxnet.np.lcm</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.gcd.html">mxnet.np.gcd</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.add.html">mxnet.np.add</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.reciprocal.html">mxnet.np.reciprocal</a></li> |
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| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.divide.html">mxnet.np.divide</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.power.html">mxnet.np.power</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.subtract.html">mxnet.np.subtract</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.mod.html">mxnet.np.mod</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.multiply.html">mxnet.np.multiply</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.true_divide.html">mxnet.np.true_divide</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.remainder.html">mxnet.np.remainder</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.positive.html">mxnet.np.positive</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.float_power.html">mxnet.np.float_power</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.fmod.html">mxnet.np.fmod</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.modf.html">mxnet.np.modf</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.divmod.html">mxnet.np.divmod</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.floor_divide.html">mxnet.np.floor_divide</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.clip.html">mxnet.np.clip</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.sqrt.html">mxnet.np.sqrt</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.cbrt.html">mxnet.np.cbrt</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.square.html">mxnet.np.square</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.absolute.html">mxnet.np.absolute</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.sign.html">mxnet.np.sign</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.maximum.html">mxnet.np.maximum</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.minimum.html">mxnet.np.minimum</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.fabs.html">mxnet.np.fabs</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.heaviside.html">mxnet.np.heaviside</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.fmax.html">mxnet.np.fmax</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.fmin.html">mxnet.np.fmin</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nan_to_num.html">mxnet.np.nan_to_num</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.interp.html">mxnet.np.interp</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/random/index.html">np.random</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.choice.html">mxnet.np.random.choice</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.shuffle.html">mxnet.np.random.shuffle</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.normal.html">mxnet.np.random.normal</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.uniform.html">mxnet.np.random.uniform</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.rand.html">mxnet.np.random.rand</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.randint.html">mxnet.np.random.randint</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.beta.html">mxnet.np.random.beta</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.chisquare.html">mxnet.np.random.chisquare</a></li> |
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| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.f.html">mxnet.np.random.f</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.gamma.html">mxnet.np.random.gamma</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.gumbel.html">mxnet.np.random.gumbel</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.laplace.html">mxnet.np.random.laplace</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.logistic.html">mxnet.np.random.logistic</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.lognormal.html">mxnet.np.random.lognormal</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.multinomial.html">mxnet.np.random.multinomial</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.multivariate_normal.html">mxnet.np.random.multivariate_normal</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.pareto.html">mxnet.np.random.pareto</a></li> |
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| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/routines.sort.html">Sorting, searching, and counting</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ndarray.sort.html">mxnet.np.ndarray.sort</a></li> |
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| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/routines.statistics.html">Statistics</a><ul> |
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| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nanmedian.html">mxnet.np.nanmedian</a></li> |
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| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.corrcoef.html">mxnet.np.corrcoef</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.correlate.html">mxnet.np.correlate</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.cov.html">mxnet.np.cov</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.histogram.html">mxnet.np.histogram</a></li> |
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| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.histogram_bin_edges.html">mxnet.np.histogram_bin_edges</a></li> |
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| </ul> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/npx/index.html">NPX: NumPy Neural Network Extension</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.set_np.html">mxnet.npx.set_np</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.reset_np.html">mxnet.npx.reset_np</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.cpu.html">mxnet.npx.cpu</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.cpu_pinned.html">mxnet.npx.cpu_pinned</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.gpu.html">mxnet.npx.gpu</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.gpu_memory_info.html">mxnet.npx.gpu_memory_info</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.current_device.html">mxnet.npx.current_device</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.num_gpus.html">mxnet.npx.num_gpus</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.activation.html">mxnet.npx.activation</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.batch_norm.html">mxnet.npx.batch_norm</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.convolution.html">mxnet.npx.convolution</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.dropout.html">mxnet.npx.dropout</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.embedding.html">mxnet.npx.embedding</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.fully_connected.html">mxnet.npx.fully_connected</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.layer_norm.html">mxnet.npx.layer_norm</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.pooling.html">mxnet.npx.pooling</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.rnn.html">mxnet.npx.rnn</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.leaky_relu.html">mxnet.npx.leaky_relu</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.multibox_detection.html">mxnet.npx.multibox_detection</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.multibox_prior.html">mxnet.npx.multibox_prior</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.multibox_target.html">mxnet.npx.multibox_target</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.roi_pooling.html">mxnet.npx.roi_pooling</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.sigmoid.html">mxnet.npx.sigmoid</a></li> |
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| <span class="mdl-layout-title toc">Table Of Contents</span> |
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| <ul class="current"> |
| <li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="../index.html">Python Tutorials</a><ul class="current"> |
| <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting-started/index.html">Getting Started</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting-started/crash-course/index.html">Crash Course</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting-started/crash-course/0-introduction.html">Introduction</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting-started/crash-course/1-nparray.html">Step 1: Manipulate data with NP on MXNet</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting-started/crash-course/2-create-nn.html">Step 2: Create a neural network</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting-started/crash-course/3-autograd.html">Step 3: Automatic differentiation with autograd</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting-started/crash-course/4-components.html">Step 4: Necessary components that are not in the network</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting-started/crash-course/5-datasets.html">Step 5: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DataLoader</span></code></a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting-started/crash-course/5-datasets.html#Using-own-data-with-included-Datasets">Using own data with included <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting-started/crash-course/5-datasets.html#Using-your-own-data-with-custom-Datasets">Using your own data with custom <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting-started/crash-course/5-datasets.html#New-in-MXNet-2.0:-faster-C++-backend-dataloaders">New in MXNet 2.0: faster C++ backend dataloaders</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting-started/crash-course/6-train-nn.html">Step 6: Train a Neural Network</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting-started/crash-course/7-use-gpus.html">Step 7: Load and Run a NN using GPU</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting-started/to-mxnet/index.html">Moving to MXNet from Other Frameworks</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting-started/to-mxnet/pytorch.html">PyTorch vs Apache MXNet</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting-started/gluon_from_experiment_to_deployment.html">Gluon: from experiment to deployment</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting-started/gluon_migration_guide.html">Gluon2.0: Migration Guide</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting-started/logistic_regression_explained.html">Logistic regression explained</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/python/docs/tutorials/packages/gluon/image/mnist.html">MNIST</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/index.html">Packages</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/autograd/index.html">Automatic Differentiation</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/index.html">Gluon</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/blocks/index.html">Blocks</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/blocks/custom-layer.html">Custom Layers</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/blocks/hybridize.html">Hybridize</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/blocks/init.html">Initialization</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/blocks/naming.html">Parameter and Block Naming</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/blocks/nn.html">Layers and Blocks</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/blocks/parameters.html">Parameter Management</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/blocks/save_load_params.html">Saving and Loading Gluon Models</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/blocks/activations/activations.html">Activation Blocks</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/data/index.html">Data Tutorials</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/data/data_augmentation.html">Image Augmentation</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/data/datasets.html">Gluon <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DataLoader</span></code></a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/data/datasets.html#Using-own-data-with-included-Datasets">Using own data with included <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/data/datasets.html#Using-own-data-with-custom-Datasets">Using own data with custom <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/data/datasets.html#Appendix:-Upgrading-from-Module-DataIter-to-Gluon-DataLoader">Appendix: Upgrading from Module <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DataIter</span></code> to Gluon <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DataLoader</span></code></a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/image/index.html">Image Tutorials</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/image/info_gan.html">Image similarity search with InfoGAN</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/image/mnist.html">Handwritten Digit Recognition</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/loss/index.html">Losses</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/loss/custom-loss.html">Custom Loss Blocks</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/loss/kl_divergence.html">Kullback-Leibler (KL) Divergence</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/loss/loss.html">Loss functions</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/text/index.html">Text Tutorials</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/text/gnmt.html">Google Neural Machine Translation</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/text/transformer.html">Machine Translation with Transformer</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/training/index.html">Training</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/training/fit_api_tutorial.html">MXNet Gluon Fit API</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/training/trainer.html">Trainer</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/training/learning_rates/index.html">Learning Rates</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/training/learning_rates/learning_rate_finder.html">Learning Rate Finder</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/training/learning_rates/learning_rate_schedules.html">Learning Rate Schedules</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/training/learning_rates/learning_rate_schedules_advanced.html">Advanced Learning Rate Schedules</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/gluon/training/normalization/index.html">Normalization Blocks</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/kvstore/index.html">KVStore</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/kvstore/kvstore.html">Distributed Key-Value Store</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/legacy/index.html">Legacy</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/legacy/ndarray/index.html">NDArray</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/legacy/ndarray/01-ndarray-intro.html">An Intro: Manipulate Data the MXNet Way with NDArray</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/legacy/ndarray/02-ndarray-operations.html">NDArray Operations</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/legacy/ndarray/03-ndarray-contexts.html">NDArray Contexts</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/legacy/ndarray/gotchas_numpy_in_mxnet.html">Gotchas using NumPy in Apache MXNet</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/legacy/ndarray/sparse/index.html">Tutorials</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/legacy/ndarray/sparse/csr.html">CSRNDArray - NDArray in Compressed Sparse Row Storage Format</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/legacy/ndarray/sparse/row_sparse.html">RowSparseNDArray - NDArray for Sparse Gradient Updates</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/np/index.html">What is NP on MXNet</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/np/cheat-sheet.html">The NP on MXNet cheat sheet</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/np/np-vs-numpy.html">Differences between NP on MXNet and NumPy</a></li> |
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| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/onnx/index.html">ONNX</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/onnx/fine_tuning_gluon.html">Fine-tuning an ONNX model</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/onnx/inference_on_onnx_model.html">Running inference on MXNet/Gluon from an ONNX model</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/python/docs/tutorials/deploy/export/onnx.html">Export ONNX Models</a></li> |
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| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/optimizer/index.html">Optimizers</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../packages/viz/index.html">Visualization</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/faq/visualize_graph">Visualize networks</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../performance/index.html">Performance</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../performance/compression/index.html">Compression</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../performance/compression/int8.html">Deploy with int-8</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/faq/float16">Float16</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/faq/gradient_compression">Gradient Compression</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://gluon-cv.mxnet.io/build/examples_deployment/int8_inference.html">GluonCV with Quantized Models</a></li> |
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| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../performance/backend/index.html">Accelerated Backend Tools</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../performance/backend/dnnl/index.html">oneDNN</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../performance/backend/dnnl/dnnl_readme.html">Install MXNet with oneDNN</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../performance/backend/dnnl/dnnl_quantization.html">oneDNN Quantization</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../performance/backend/dnnl/dnnl_quantization_inc.html">Improving accuracy with Intel® Neural Compressor</a></li> |
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| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../performance/backend/tvm.html">Use TVM</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../performance/backend/profiler.html">Profiling MXNet Models</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../performance/backend/amp.html">Using AMP: Automatic Mixed Precision</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
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| <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../deploy/index.html">Deployment</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../deploy/export/index.html">Export</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../deploy/export/onnx.html">Exporting to ONNX format</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://gluon-cv.mxnet.io/build/examples_deployment/export_network.html">Export Gluon CV Models</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/python/docs/tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/save_load_params.html">Save / Load Parameters</a></li> |
| </ul> |
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| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../deploy/inference/index.html">Inference</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../deploy/inference/cpp.html">Deploy into C++</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../deploy/inference/image_classification_jetson.html">Image Classication using pretrained ResNet-50 model on Jetson module</a></li> |
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| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../deploy/run-on-aws/index.html">Run on AWS</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../deploy/run-on-aws/use_ec2.html">Run on an EC2 Instance</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../deploy/run-on-aws/use_sagemaker.html">Run on Amazon SageMaker</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../deploy/run-on-aws/cloud.html">MXNet on the Cloud</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Extend</a><ul class="current"> |
| <li class="toctree-l3 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Custom Numpy Operators</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/faq/new_op">New Operator Creation</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/faq/add_op_in_backend">New Operator in MXNet Backend</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/faq/using_rtc">Using RTC for CUDA kernels</a></li> |
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| </ul> |
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| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/index.html">Python API</a><ul> |
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| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/arrays.html">Array objects</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/arrays.ndarray.html">The N-dimensional array (<code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ndarray</span></code>)</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/arrays.indexing.html">Indexing</a></li> |
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| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/routines.html">Routines</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/routines.array-creation.html">Array creation routines</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.eye.html">mxnet.np.eye</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.empty.html">mxnet.np.empty</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.full.html">mxnet.np.full</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.identity.html">mxnet.np.identity</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ones.html">mxnet.np.ones</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ones_like.html">mxnet.np.ones_like</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.zeros.html">mxnet.np.zeros</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.zeros_like.html">mxnet.np.zeros_like</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.array.html">mxnet.np.array</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.copy.html">mxnet.np.copy</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arange.html">mxnet.np.arange</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linspace.html">mxnet.np.linspace</a></li> |
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| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.tril.html">mxnet.np.tril</a></li> |
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| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/routines.array-manipulation.html">Array manipulation routines</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.reshape.html">mxnet.np.reshape</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ravel.html">mxnet.np.ravel</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ndarray.flatten.html">mxnet.np.ndarray.flatten</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.swapaxes.html">mxnet.np.swapaxes</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ndarray.T.html">mxnet.np.ndarray.T</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.transpose.html">mxnet.np.transpose</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.moveaxis.html">mxnet.np.moveaxis</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.rollaxis.html">mxnet.np.rollaxis</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.expand_dims.html">mxnet.np.expand_dims</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.squeeze.html">mxnet.np.squeeze</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.broadcast_to.html">mxnet.np.broadcast_to</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.broadcast_arrays.html">mxnet.np.broadcast_arrays</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.atleast_1d.html">mxnet.np.atleast_1d</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.atleast_2d.html">mxnet.np.atleast_2d</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.atleast_3d.html">mxnet.np.atleast_3d</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.concatenate.html">mxnet.np.concatenate</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.stack.html">mxnet.np.stack</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.dstack.html">mxnet.np.dstack</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.vstack.html">mxnet.np.vstack</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.column_stack.html">mxnet.np.column_stack</a></li> |
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| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.split.html">mxnet.np.split</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.hsplit.html">mxnet.np.hsplit</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.vsplit.html">mxnet.np.vsplit</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.array_split.html">mxnet.np.array_split</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.dsplit.html">mxnet.np.dsplit</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.tile.html">mxnet.np.tile</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.repeat.html">mxnet.np.repeat</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.unique.html">mxnet.np.unique</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.delete.html">mxnet.np.delete</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.insert.html">mxnet.np.insert</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.append.html">mxnet.np.append</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.resize.html">mxnet.np.resize</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.trim_zeros.html">mxnet.np.trim_zeros</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.reshape.html">mxnet.np.reshape</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.flip.html">mxnet.np.flip</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.roll.html">mxnet.np.roll</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.rot90.html">mxnet.np.rot90</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.fliplr.html">mxnet.np.fliplr</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.flipud.html">mxnet.np.flipud</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/routines.io.html">Input and output</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.genfromtxt.html">mxnet.np.genfromtxt</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ndarray.tolist.html">mxnet.np.ndarray.tolist</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.set_printoptions.html">mxnet.np.set_printoptions</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/routines.linalg.html">Linear algebra (<code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">numpy.linalg</span></code>)</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.dot.html">mxnet.np.dot</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.vdot.html">mxnet.np.vdot</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.inner.html">mxnet.np.inner</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.outer.html">mxnet.np.outer</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.tensordot.html">mxnet.np.tensordot</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.einsum.html">mxnet.np.einsum</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.multi_dot.html">mxnet.np.linalg.multi_dot</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.matmul.html">mxnet.np.matmul</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.matrix_power.html">mxnet.np.linalg.matrix_power</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.kron.html">mxnet.np.kron</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.svd.html">mxnet.np.linalg.svd</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.cholesky.html">mxnet.np.linalg.cholesky</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.qr.html">mxnet.np.linalg.qr</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.eig.html">mxnet.np.linalg.eig</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.eigh.html">mxnet.np.linalg.eigh</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.eigvals.html">mxnet.np.linalg.eigvals</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.eigvalsh.html">mxnet.np.linalg.eigvalsh</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.norm.html">mxnet.np.linalg.norm</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.trace.html">mxnet.np.trace</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.cond.html">mxnet.np.linalg.cond</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.det.html">mxnet.np.linalg.det</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.matrix_rank.html">mxnet.np.linalg.matrix_rank</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.slogdet.html">mxnet.np.linalg.slogdet</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.solve.html">mxnet.np.linalg.solve</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.tensorsolve.html">mxnet.np.linalg.tensorsolve</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.lstsq.html">mxnet.np.linalg.lstsq</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.inv.html">mxnet.np.linalg.inv</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.pinv.html">mxnet.np.linalg.pinv</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.tensorinv.html">mxnet.np.linalg.tensorinv</a></li> |
| </ul> |
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| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/routines.math.html">Mathematical functions</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.sin.html">mxnet.np.sin</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.cos.html">mxnet.np.cos</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.tan.html">mxnet.np.tan</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arcsin.html">mxnet.np.arcsin</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arccos.html">mxnet.np.arccos</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arctan.html">mxnet.np.arctan</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.degrees.html">mxnet.np.degrees</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.radians.html">mxnet.np.radians</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.hypot.html">mxnet.np.hypot</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arctan2.html">mxnet.np.arctan2</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.deg2rad.html">mxnet.np.deg2rad</a></li> |
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| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.around.html">mxnet.np.around</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.round_.html">mxnet.np.round_</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.sum.html">mxnet.np.sum</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.prod.html">mxnet.np.prod</a></li> |
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| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nansum.html">mxnet.np.nansum</a></li> |
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| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nancumsum.html">mxnet.np.nancumsum</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.diff.html">mxnet.np.diff</a></li> |
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| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.trapz.html">mxnet.np.trapz</a></li> |
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| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.expm1.html">mxnet.np.expm1</a></li> |
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| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.frexp.html">mxnet.np.frexp</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.spacing.html">mxnet.np.spacing</a></li> |
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| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.float_power.html">mxnet.np.float_power</a></li> |
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| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.modf.html">mxnet.np.modf</a></li> |
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| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.sqrt.html">mxnet.np.sqrt</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.cbrt.html">mxnet.np.cbrt</a></li> |
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| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.maximum.html">mxnet.np.maximum</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.minimum.html">mxnet.np.minimum</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.fabs.html">mxnet.np.fabs</a></li> |
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| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/random/index.html">np.random</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.choice.html">mxnet.np.random.choice</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.shuffle.html">mxnet.np.random.shuffle</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.normal.html">mxnet.np.random.normal</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.uniform.html">mxnet.np.random.uniform</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.rand.html">mxnet.np.random.rand</a></li> |
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| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.chisquare.html">mxnet.np.random.chisquare</a></li> |
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| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.f.html">mxnet.np.random.f</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.gamma.html">mxnet.np.random.gamma</a></li> |
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| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/routines.sort.html">Sorting, searching, and counting</a><ul> |
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| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/routines.statistics.html">Statistics</a><ul> |
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| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nanquantile.html">mxnet.np.nanquantile</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.mean.html">mxnet.np.mean</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.std.html">mxnet.np.std</a></li> |
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| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nanmedian.html">mxnet.np.nanmedian</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nanstd.html">mxnet.np.nanstd</a></li> |
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| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.corrcoef.html">mxnet.np.corrcoef</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.correlate.html">mxnet.np.correlate</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.cov.html">mxnet.np.cov</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.histogram.html">mxnet.np.histogram</a></li> |
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| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.histogramdd.html">mxnet.np.histogramdd</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.bincount.html">mxnet.np.bincount</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.histogram_bin_edges.html">mxnet.np.histogram_bin_edges</a></li> |
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| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/npx/index.html">NPX: NumPy Neural Network Extension</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.set_np.html">mxnet.npx.set_np</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.reset_np.html">mxnet.npx.reset_np</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.cpu.html">mxnet.npx.cpu</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.cpu_pinned.html">mxnet.npx.cpu_pinned</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.gpu.html">mxnet.npx.gpu</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.gpu_memory_info.html">mxnet.npx.gpu_memory_info</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.current_device.html">mxnet.npx.current_device</a></li> |
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| <!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one --><!--- or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file --><!--- distributed with this work for additional information --><!--- regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file --><!--- to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the --><!--- "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance --><!--- with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at --><!--- http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 --><!--- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, --><!--- software distributed under the License is distributed on an --><!--- "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY --><!--- KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the --><!--- specific language governing permissions and limitations --><!--- under the License. --><div class="section" id="Custom-Numpy-Operators"> |
| <h1>Custom Numpy Operators<a class="headerlink" href="#Custom-Numpy-Operators" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> |
| <p>In this tutorial, we will learn how to build custom operators with numpy in python. We will go through two examples: - Custom operator without any <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Parameter</span></code>s - Custom operator with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Parameter</span></code>s</p> |
| <p>Custom operator in python is easy to develop and good for prototyping, but may hurt performance. If you find it to be a bottleneck, please consider moving to a C++ based implementation in the backend.</p> |
| <div class="nbinput nblast docutils container"> |
| <div class="prompt highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[1]: |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="input_area highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre> |
| <span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">numpy</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">np</span> |
| <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">mxnet</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">mx</span> |
| <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">mxnet</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">gluon</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">autograd</span> |
| <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">os</span> |
| <span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">npx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reset_np</span><span class="p">()</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="Parameter-less-operators"> |
| <h2>Parameter-less operators<a class="headerlink" href="#Parameter-less-operators" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>This operator implements the standard sigmoid activation function. This is only for illustration purposes, in real life you would use the built-in operator <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mx.npx.relu</span></code>.</p> |
| <div class="section" id="Forward-&-backward-implementation"> |
| <h3>Forward & backward implementation<a class="headerlink" href="#Forward-&-backward-implementation" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>First we implement the forward and backward computation by sub-classing <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mx.operator.CustomOp</span></code>:</p> |
| <div class="nbinput nblast docutils container"> |
| <div class="prompt highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[2]: |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="input_area highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre> |
| <span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Sigmoid</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">operator</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CustomOp</span><span class="p">):</span> |
| <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">forward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">is_train</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">req</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">in_data</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">out_data</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">aux</span><span class="p">):</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Implements forward computation.</span> |
| |
| <span class="sd"> is_train : bool, whether forwarding for training or testing.</span> |
| <span class="sd"> req : list of {'null', 'write', 'inplace', 'add'}, how to assign to out_data. 'null' means skip assignment, etc.</span> |
| <span class="sd"> in_data : list of NDArray, input data.</span> |
| <span class="sd"> out_data : list of NDArray, pre-allocated output buffers.</span> |
| <span class="sd"> aux : list of NDArray, mutable auxiliary states. Usually not used.</span> |
| <span class="sd"> """</span> |
| <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">in_data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">asnumpy</span><span class="p">()</span> |
| <span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.0</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">))</span> |
| <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">assign</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">out_data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">req</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">))</span> |
| |
| <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">backward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">req</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">out_grad</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">in_data</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">out_data</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">in_grad</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">aux</span><span class="p">):</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Implements backward computation</span> |
| |
| <span class="sd"> req : list of {'null', 'write', 'inplace', 'add'}, how to assign to in_grad</span> |
| <span class="sd"> out_grad : list of NDArray, gradient w.r.t. output data.</span> |
| <span class="sd"> in_grad : list of NDArray, gradient w.r.t. input data. This is the output buffer.</span> |
| <span class="sd"> """</span> |
| <span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">out_data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">asnumpy</span><span class="p">()</span> |
| <span class="n">dy</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">out_grad</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">asnumpy</span><span class="p">()</span> |
| <span class="n">dx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dy</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.0</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">y</span> |
| <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">assign</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">in_grad</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">req</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dx</span><span class="p">))</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="Register-custom-operator"> |
| <h3>Register custom operator<a class="headerlink" href="#Register-custom-operator" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>Then we need to register the custom op and describe it’s properties like input and output shapes so that mxnet can recognize it. This is done by sub-classing <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mx.operator.CustomOpProp</span></code>:</p> |
| <div class="nbinput nblast docutils container"> |
| <div class="prompt highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[3]: |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="input_area highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre> |
| <span></span><span class="nd">@mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">operator</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">register</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"sigmoid"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># register with name "sigmoid"</span> |
| <span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">SigmoidProp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">operator</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CustomOpProp</span><span class="p">):</span> |
| <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span> |
| <span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SigmoidProp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| |
| <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">list_arguments</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span> |
| <span class="c1"># this can be omitted if you only have 1 input.</span> |
| <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'data'</span><span class="p">]</span> |
| |
| <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">list_outputs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span> |
| <span class="c1"># this can be omitted if you only have 1 output.</span> |
| <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'output'</span><span class="p">]</span> |
| |
| <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">infer_shape</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">in_shapes</span><span class="p">):</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Calculate output shapes from input shapes. This can be</span> |
| <span class="sd"> omited if all your inputs and outputs have the same shape.</span> |
| |
| <span class="sd"> in_shapes : list of shape. Shape is described by a tuple of int.</span> |
| <span class="sd"> """</span> |
| <span class="n">data_shape</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">in_shapes</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> |
| <span class="n">output_shape</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">data_shape</span> |
| <span class="c1"># return 3 lists representing inputs shapes, outputs shapes, and aux data shapes.</span> |
| <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data_shape</span><span class="p">,),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">output_shape</span><span class="p">,),</span> <span class="p">()</span> |
| |
| <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">create_operator</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">device</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">in_shapes</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">in_dtypes</span><span class="p">):</span> |
| <span class="c1"># create and return the CustomOp class.</span> |
| <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">Sigmoid</span><span class="p">()</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="Example-Usage"> |
| <h3>Example Usage<a class="headerlink" href="#Example-Usage" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>We can now use this operator by calling <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mx.nd.Custom</span></code>:</p> |
| <div class="nbinput docutils container"> |
| <div class="prompt highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[4]: |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="input_area highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre> |
| <span></span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">array</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">])</span> |
| <span class="c1"># attach gradient buffer to x for autograd</span> |
| <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">attach_grad</span><span class="p">()</span> |
| <span class="c1"># forward in a record() section to save computation graph for backward</span> |
| <span class="c1"># see autograd tutorial to learn more.</span> |
| <span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">autograd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">record</span><span class="p">():</span> |
| <span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Custom</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">op_type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'sigmoid'</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="nboutput docutils container"> |
| <div class="prompt empty docutils container"> |
| </div> |
| <div class="output_area docutils container"> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre> |
| |
| [0.5 0.7310586 0.880797 0.95257413] |
| <NDArray 4 @cpu(0)> |
| </pre></div></div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="nboutput nblast docutils container"> |
| <div class="prompt empty docutils container"> |
| </div> |
| <div class="output_area stderr docutils container"> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre> |
| [03:51:46] /work/mxnet/src/storage/storage.cc:202: Using Pooled (Naive) StorageManager for CPU |
| </pre></div></div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="nbinput docutils container"> |
| <div class="prompt highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[5]: |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="input_area highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre> |
| <span></span><span class="c1"># call backward computation</span> |
| <span class="n">y</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">backward</span><span class="p">()</span> |
| <span class="c1"># gradient is now saved to the grad buffer we attached previously</span> |
| <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">grad</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="nboutput nblast docutils container"> |
| <div class="prompt empty docutils container"> |
| </div> |
| <div class="output_area docutils container"> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre> |
| |
| [0.25 0.19661193 0.10499363 0.04517666] |
| <NDArray 4 @cpu(0)> |
| </pre></div></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="Parametrized-Operator"> |
| <h2>Parametrized Operator<a class="headerlink" href="#Parametrized-Operator" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>In the second use case we implement an operator with learnable weights. We implement the dense (or fully connected) layer that has one input, one output, and two learnable parameters: weight and bias.</p> |
| <p>The dense operator performs a dot product between data and weight, then add bias to it.</p> |
| <div class="section" id="Forward-&-backward-implementation"> |
| <h3>Forward & backward implementation<a class="headerlink" href="#Forward-&-backward-implementation" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> |
| <div class="nbinput nblast docutils container"> |
| <div class="prompt highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[6]: |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="input_area highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre> |
| <span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Dense</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">operator</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CustomOp</span><span class="p">):</span> |
| <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bias</span><span class="p">):</span> |
| <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_bias</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">bias</span> |
| |
| <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">forward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">is_train</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">req</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">in_data</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">out_data</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">aux</span><span class="p">):</span> |
| <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">in_data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">asnumpy</span><span class="p">()</span> |
| <span class="n">weight</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">in_data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">asnumpy</span><span class="p">()</span> |
| <span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">weight</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_bias</span> |
| <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">assign</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">out_data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">req</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">))</span> |
| |
| <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">backward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">req</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">out_grad</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">in_data</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">out_data</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">in_grad</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">aux</span><span class="p">):</span> |
| <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">in_data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">asnumpy</span><span class="p">()</span> |
| <span class="n">dy</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">out_grad</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">asnumpy</span><span class="p">()</span> |
| <span class="n">dx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dy</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">assign</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">in_grad</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">req</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dx</span><span class="p">))</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="Registration"> |
| <h3>Registration<a class="headerlink" href="#Registration" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> |
| <div class="nbinput nblast docutils container"> |
| <div class="prompt highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[7]: |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="input_area highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre> |
| <span></span><span class="nd">@mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">operator</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">register</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"dense"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># register with name "sigmoid"</span> |
| <span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">DenseProp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">operator</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CustomOpProp</span><span class="p">):</span> |
| <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bias</span><span class="p">):</span> |
| <span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">DenseProp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="c1"># we use constant bias here to illustrate how to pass arguments</span> |
| <span class="c1"># to operators. All arguments are in string format so you need</span> |
| <span class="c1"># to convert them back to the type you want.</span> |
| <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_bias</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bias</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| |
| <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">list_arguments</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span> |
| <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'data'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'weight'</span><span class="p">]</span> |
| |
| <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">list_outputs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span> |
| <span class="c1"># this can be omitted if you only have 1 output.</span> |
| <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'output'</span><span class="p">]</span> |
| |
| <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">infer_shape</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">in_shapes</span><span class="p">):</span> |
| <span class="n">data_shape</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">in_shapes</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> |
| <span class="n">weight_shape</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">in_shapes</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> |
| <span class="n">output_shape</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data_shape</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">weight_shape</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span> |
| <span class="c1"># return 3 lists representing inputs shapes, outputs shapes, and aux data shapes.</span> |
| <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data_shape</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">weight_shape</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">output_shape</span><span class="p">,),</span> <span class="p">()</span> |
| |
| <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">create_operator</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">device</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">in_shapes</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">in_dtypes</span><span class="p">):</span> |
| <span class="c1"># create and return the CustomOp class.</span> |
| <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">Dense</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_bias</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="Use-CustomOp-together-with-Block"> |
| <h3>Use CustomOp together with Block<a class="headerlink" href="#Use-CustomOp-together-with-Block" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>Parameterized CustomOp are usually used together with Blocks, which holds the parameter.</p> |
| <div class="nbinput nblast docutils container"> |
| <div class="prompt highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[8]: |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="input_area highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre> |
| <span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">DenseBlock</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">gluon</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Block</span><span class="p">):</span> |
| <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">in_channels</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">channels</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bias</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span> |
| <span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">DenseBlock</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_bias</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">bias</span> |
| <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">weight</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">gluon</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Parameter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'weight'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">shape</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">channels</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">in_channels</span><span class="p">))</span> |
| |
| <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">forward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">):</span> |
| <span class="n">device</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">device</span> |
| <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Custom</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">weight</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">device</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">bias</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_bias</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">op_type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'dense'</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="Example-usage"> |
| <h3>Example usage<a class="headerlink" href="#Example-usage" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> |
| <div class="nbinput docutils container"> |
| <div class="prompt highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[9]: |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="input_area highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre> |
| <span></span><span class="n">dense</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">DenseBlock</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.1</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="n">dense</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">initialize</span><span class="p">()</span> |
| <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">uniform</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">shape</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">))</span> |
| <span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dense</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="nboutput nblast docutils container"> |
| <div class="prompt empty docutils container"> |
| </div> |
| <div class="output_area docutils container"> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre> |
| |
| [[0.12017269 0.05653428 0.1508463 0.07967146 0.12003046] |
| [0.12944445 0.07254814 0.13926125 0.06505167 0.10894868] |
| [0.09446907 0.03709245 0.15341945 0.12280548 0.13960774] |
| [0.10131115 0.06879345 0.1240032 0.11093724 0.12107792]] |
| <NDArray 4x5 @cpu(0)> |
| </pre></div></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="Using-custom-operators-with-fork"> |
| <h2>Using custom operators with fork<a class="headerlink" href="#Using-custom-operators-with-fork" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>In Linux systems, the default method in multiprocessing to create process is by using fork. If there are unfinished async custom operations when forking, the program will be blocked because of python GIL. Always use sync calls like <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wait_to_read</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">waitall</span></code> before calling fork.</p> |
| <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">array</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">])</span> |
| <span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Custom</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">op_type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'sigmoid'</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="c1"># unfinished async sigmoid operation will cause blocking</span> |
| <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fork</span><span class="p">()</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>Correctly handling this will make mxnet depend upon libpython, so the workaround now is to ensure that all custom operations are executed before forking process.</p> |
| <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">array</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">])</span> |
| <span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Custom</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">op_type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'sigmoid'</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="c1"># force execution by reading y</span> |
| <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">asnumpy</span><span class="p">())</span> |
| <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fork</span><span class="p">()</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| |
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| <p class="caption"> |
| <span class="caption-text">Table Of Contents</span> |
| </p> |
| <ul> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Custom Numpy Operators</a><ul> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#Parameter-less-operators">Parameter-less operators</a><ul> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#Forward-&-backward-implementation">Forward & backward implementation</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#Register-custom-operator">Register custom operator</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#Example-Usage">Example Usage</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#Parametrized-Operator">Parametrized Operator</a><ul> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#Forward-&-backward-implementation">Forward & backward implementation</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#Registration">Registration</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#Use-CustomOp-together-with-Block">Use CustomOp together with Block</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#Example-usage">Example usage</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#Using-custom-operators-with-fork">Using custom operators with fork</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
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