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<h1 class="post-title">Visualize Neural Networks</h1>
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<h1 id="how-to-visualize-neural-networks-as-computation-graph">How to visualize Neural Networks as computation graph</h1>
<p>Here, we&#39;ll demonstrate how to use <code>mx.viz.plot_network</code>
for visualizing your neural networks. <code>mx.viz.plot_network</code>
represents the neural network as a computation graph consisting of nodes and edges.
The visualizations make clear which nodes correspond to inputs,
where the computation starts,
and which correspond to output nodes,
from which the result can be read.</p>
<h2 id="prerequisites">Prerequisites</h2>
<p>You need the <a href="http://jupyter.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">Jupyter Notebook</a>
and <a href="https://www.graphviz.org/">Graphviz</a> libraries to visualize the network.
Please make sure you have followed <a href="/versions/1.9.1/get_started">installation instructions</a>
in setting up above dependencies along with setting up MXNet.</p>
<h2 id="visualize-the-sample-neural-network">Visualize the sample Neural Network</h2>
<p><code>mx.viz.plot_network</code> takes <a href="/api/python/docs/api/symbol/index">Symbol</a>, with your Network definition, and optional node_attrs, parameters for the shape of the node in the graph, as input and generates a computation graph.</p>
<p>We will now try to visualize a sample Neural Network for linear matrix factorization:
- Start Jupyter notebook server
<code>bash
$ jupyter notebook
</code>
- Access Jupyter notebook in your browser - <a href="http://localhost:8888/">http://localhost:8888/</a>.
- Create a new notebook - &quot;File -&gt; New Notebook -&gt; Python 2&quot;
- Copy and run below code to visualize a simple network.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-python" data-lang="python"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">mxnet</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">mx</span>
<span class="n">user</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">symbol</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Variable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'user'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">item</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">symbol</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Variable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'item'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">score</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">symbol</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Variable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'score'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Set dummy dimensions
</span><span class="n">k</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">64</span>
<span class="n">max_user</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">100</span>
<span class="n">max_item</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">50</span>
<span class="c1"># user feature lookup
</span><span class="n">user</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">symbol</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Embedding</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">user</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">input_dim</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">max_user</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">output_dim</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># item feature lookup
</span><span class="n">item</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">symbol</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Embedding</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">item</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">input_dim</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">max_item</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">output_dim</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># predict by the inner product, which is elementwise product and then sum
</span><span class="n">net</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">user</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">item</span>
<span class="n">net</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">symbol</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sum_axis</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">net</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axis</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">net</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">symbol</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Flatten</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">net</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># loss layer
</span><span class="n">net</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">symbol</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">LinearRegressionOutput</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">net</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">label</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">score</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Visualize your network
</span><span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">viz</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot_network</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">net</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>You should see computation graph something like the following image:
<img src=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dmlc/web-data/master/mxnet/image/SampleNetworkVisualization.png
width=400/></p>
<h1 id="references">References</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/apache/mxnet/blob/v1.x/example/recommenders/demo1-MF.ipynb">Example MXNet Matrix Factorization</a></li>
<li><a href="http://josephpcohen.com/w/visualizing-cnn-architectures-side-by-side-with-mxnet/">Visualizing CNN Architecture of MXNet Tutorials</a></li>
</ul>
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