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<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="../../index.html">Python Tutorials</a><ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../getting-started/index.html">Getting Started</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../getting-started/crash-course/index.html">Crash Course</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../getting-started/crash-course/0-introduction.html">Introduction</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../getting-started/crash-course/1-nparray.html">Step 1: Manipulate data with NP on MXNet</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../getting-started/crash-course/2-create-nn.html">Step 2: Create a neural network</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../getting-started/crash-course/3-autograd.html">Step 3: Automatic differentiation with autograd</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../getting-started/crash-course/4-components.html">Step 4: Necessary components that are not in the network</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../getting-started/crash-course/5-datasets.html">Step 5: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DataLoader</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../getting-started/crash-course/5-datasets.html#Using-own-data-with-included-Datasets">Using own data with included <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../getting-started/crash-course/5-datasets.html#Using-your-own-data-with-custom-Datasets">Using your own data with custom <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../getting-started/crash-course/5-datasets.html#New-in-MXNet-2.0:-faster-C++-backend-dataloaders">New in MXNet 2.0: faster C++ backend dataloaders</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../getting-started/crash-course/6-train-nn.html">Step 6: Train a Neural Network</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../getting-started/crash-course/7-use-gpus.html">Step 7: Load and Run a NN using GPU</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../getting-started/to-mxnet/index.html">Moving to MXNet from Other Frameworks</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../getting-started/to-mxnet/pytorch.html">PyTorch vs Apache MXNet</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../getting-started/gluon_from_experiment_to_deployment.html">Gluon: from experiment to deployment</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../getting-started/gluon_migration_guide.html">Gluon2.0: Migration Guide</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../getting-started/logistic_regression_explained.html">Logistic regression explained</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/python/docs/tutorials/packages/gluon/image/mnist.html">MNIST</a></li>
</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/index.html">Packages</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/autograd/index.html">Automatic Differentiation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/index.html">Gluon</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/blocks/index.html">Blocks</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/blocks/custom-layer.html">Custom Layers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/blocks/hybridize.html">Hybridize</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/blocks/init.html">Initialization</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/blocks/naming.html">Parameter and Block Naming</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/blocks/nn.html">Layers and Blocks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/blocks/parameters.html">Parameter Management</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/blocks/save_load_params.html">Saving and Loading Gluon Models</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/blocks/activations/activations.html">Activation Blocks</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/data/index.html">Data Tutorials</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/data/data_augmentation.html">Image Augmentation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/data/datasets.html">Gluon <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DataLoader</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/data/datasets.html#Using-own-data-with-included-Datasets">Using own data with included <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/data/datasets.html#Using-own-data-with-custom-Datasets">Using own data with custom <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/data/datasets.html#Appendix:-Upgrading-from-Module-DataIter-to-Gluon-DataLoader">Appendix: Upgrading from Module <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DataIter</span></code> to Gluon <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DataLoader</span></code></a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/image/info_gan.html">Image similarity search with InfoGAN</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/image/mnist.html">Handwritten Digit Recognition</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/loss/index.html">Losses</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/loss/custom-loss.html">Custom Loss Blocks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/loss/kl_divergence.html">Kullback-Leibler (KL) Divergence</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/loss/loss.html">Loss functions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/text/gnmt.html">Google Neural Machine Translation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/text/transformer.html">Machine Translation with Transformer</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/training/fit_api_tutorial.html">MXNet Gluon Fit API</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/training/trainer.html">Trainer</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/training/learning_rates/index.html">Learning Rates</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/training/learning_rates/learning_rate_finder.html">Learning Rate Finder</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/training/learning_rates/learning_rate_schedules.html">Learning Rate Schedules</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/training/learning_rates/learning_rate_schedules_advanced.html">Advanced Learning Rate Schedules</a></li>
</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/training/normalization/index.html">Normalization Blocks</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/kvstore/index.html">KVStore</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/kvstore/kvstore.html">Distributed Key-Value Store</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/legacy/index.html">Legacy</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/legacy/ndarray/index.html">NDArray</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/legacy/ndarray/01-ndarray-intro.html">An Intro: Manipulate Data the MXNet Way with NDArray</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/legacy/ndarray/02-ndarray-operations.html">NDArray Operations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/legacy/ndarray/03-ndarray-contexts.html">NDArray Contexts</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/legacy/ndarray/gotchas_numpy_in_mxnet.html">Gotchas using NumPy in Apache MXNet</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/legacy/ndarray/sparse/index.html">Tutorials</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/legacy/ndarray/sparse/csr.html">CSRNDArray - NDArray in Compressed Sparse Row Storage Format</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/legacy/ndarray/sparse/row_sparse.html">RowSparseNDArray - NDArray for Sparse Gradient Updates</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/np/index.html">What is NP on MXNet</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/np/cheat-sheet.html">The NP on MXNet cheat sheet</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/np/np-vs-numpy.html">Differences between NP on MXNet and NumPy</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/onnx/index.html">ONNX</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/onnx/fine_tuning_gluon.html">Fine-tuning an ONNX model</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/onnx/inference_on_onnx_model.html">Running inference on MXNet/Gluon from an ONNX model</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/python/docs/tutorials/deploy/export/onnx.html">Export ONNX Models</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/optimizer/index.html">Optimizers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/viz/index.html">Visualization</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/faq/visualize_graph">Visualize networks</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="reference internal" href="../index.html">Performance</a><ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../compression/index.html">Compression</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../compression/int8.html">Deploy with int-8</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://gluon-cv.mxnet.io/build/examples_deployment/int8_inference.html">GluonCV with Quantized Models</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="dnnl/dnnl_readme.html">Install MXNet with oneDNN</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="dnnl/dnnl_quantization.html">oneDNN Quantization</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="dnnl/dnnl_quantization_inc.html">Improving accuracy with Intel® Neural Compressor</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../deploy/export/onnx.html">Exporting to ONNX format</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://gluon-cv.mxnet.io/build/examples_deployment/export_network.html">Export Gluon CV Models</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/python/docs/tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/save_load_params.html">Save / Load Parameters</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../deploy/inference/index.html">Inference</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../extend/index.html">Extend</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/faq/add_op_in_backend">New Operator in MXNet Backend</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/arrays.ndarray.html">The N-dimensional array (<code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ndarray</span></code>)</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/routines.array-creation.html">Array creation routines</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.eye.html">mxnet.np.eye</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.empty.html">mxnet.np.empty</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.full.html">mxnet.np.full</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.identity.html">mxnet.np.identity</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ones.html">mxnet.np.ones</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ones_like.html">mxnet.np.ones_like</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.zeros.html">mxnet.np.zeros</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.zeros_like.html">mxnet.np.zeros_like</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.array.html">mxnet.np.array</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.copy.html">mxnet.np.copy</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arange.html">mxnet.np.arange</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linspace.html">mxnet.np.linspace</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.logspace.html">mxnet.np.logspace</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.meshgrid.html">mxnet.np.meshgrid</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.tril.html">mxnet.np.tril</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/routines.array-manipulation.html">Array manipulation routines</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.reshape.html">mxnet.np.reshape</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ravel.html">mxnet.np.ravel</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ndarray.flatten.html">mxnet.np.ndarray.flatten</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.swapaxes.html">mxnet.np.swapaxes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ndarray.T.html">mxnet.np.ndarray.T</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.transpose.html">mxnet.np.transpose</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.moveaxis.html">mxnet.np.moveaxis</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.rollaxis.html">mxnet.np.rollaxis</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.expand_dims.html">mxnet.np.expand_dims</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.squeeze.html">mxnet.np.squeeze</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.broadcast_to.html">mxnet.np.broadcast_to</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.broadcast_arrays.html">mxnet.np.broadcast_arrays</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.atleast_1d.html">mxnet.np.atleast_1d</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.atleast_2d.html">mxnet.np.atleast_2d</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.atleast_3d.html">mxnet.np.atleast_3d</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.concatenate.html">mxnet.np.concatenate</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.stack.html">mxnet.np.stack</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.dstack.html">mxnet.np.dstack</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.vstack.html">mxnet.np.vstack</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.column_stack.html">mxnet.np.column_stack</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.hstack.html">mxnet.np.hstack</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.split.html">mxnet.np.split</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.hsplit.html">mxnet.np.hsplit</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.vsplit.html">mxnet.np.vsplit</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.array_split.html">mxnet.np.array_split</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.dsplit.html">mxnet.np.dsplit</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.tile.html">mxnet.np.tile</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.repeat.html">mxnet.np.repeat</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.unique.html">mxnet.np.unique</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.delete.html">mxnet.np.delete</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.insert.html">mxnet.np.insert</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.append.html">mxnet.np.append</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.resize.html">mxnet.np.resize</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.trim_zeros.html">mxnet.np.trim_zeros</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.reshape.html">mxnet.np.reshape</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.flip.html">mxnet.np.flip</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.roll.html">mxnet.np.roll</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.rot90.html">mxnet.np.rot90</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.fliplr.html">mxnet.np.fliplr</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.flipud.html">mxnet.np.flipud</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/routines.io.html">Input and output</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.genfromtxt.html">mxnet.np.genfromtxt</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ndarray.tolist.html">mxnet.np.ndarray.tolist</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.set_printoptions.html">mxnet.np.set_printoptions</a></li>
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</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/routines.linalg.html">Linear algebra (<code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">numpy.linalg</span></code>)</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.dot.html">mxnet.np.dot</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.vdot.html">mxnet.np.vdot</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.inner.html">mxnet.np.inner</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.outer.html">mxnet.np.outer</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.tensordot.html">mxnet.np.tensordot</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.einsum.html">mxnet.np.einsum</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.multi_dot.html">mxnet.np.linalg.multi_dot</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.matmul.html">mxnet.np.matmul</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.matrix_power.html">mxnet.np.linalg.matrix_power</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.kron.html">mxnet.np.kron</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.svd.html">mxnet.np.linalg.svd</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.cholesky.html">mxnet.np.linalg.cholesky</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.qr.html">mxnet.np.linalg.qr</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.eig.html">mxnet.np.linalg.eig</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.eigh.html">mxnet.np.linalg.eigh</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.eigvals.html">mxnet.np.linalg.eigvals</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.eigvalsh.html">mxnet.np.linalg.eigvalsh</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.norm.html">mxnet.np.linalg.norm</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.trace.html">mxnet.np.trace</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.cond.html">mxnet.np.linalg.cond</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.det.html">mxnet.np.linalg.det</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.matrix_rank.html">mxnet.np.linalg.matrix_rank</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.slogdet.html">mxnet.np.linalg.slogdet</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.solve.html">mxnet.np.linalg.solve</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.tensorsolve.html">mxnet.np.linalg.tensorsolve</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.lstsq.html">mxnet.np.linalg.lstsq</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.inv.html">mxnet.np.linalg.inv</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.pinv.html">mxnet.np.linalg.pinv</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.tensorinv.html">mxnet.np.linalg.tensorinv</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/routines.math.html">Mathematical functions</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.sin.html">mxnet.np.sin</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.cos.html">mxnet.np.cos</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.tan.html">mxnet.np.tan</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arcsin.html">mxnet.np.arcsin</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arccos.html">mxnet.np.arccos</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arctan.html">mxnet.np.arctan</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.degrees.html">mxnet.np.degrees</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.radians.html">mxnet.np.radians</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.hypot.html">mxnet.np.hypot</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arctan2.html">mxnet.np.arctan2</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.deg2rad.html">mxnet.np.deg2rad</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.rad2deg.html">mxnet.np.rad2deg</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.unwrap.html">mxnet.np.unwrap</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.sinh.html">mxnet.np.sinh</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.cosh.html">mxnet.np.cosh</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.tanh.html">mxnet.np.tanh</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arcsinh.html">mxnet.np.arcsinh</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arccosh.html">mxnet.np.arccosh</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arctanh.html">mxnet.np.arctanh</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.rint.html">mxnet.np.rint</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.fix.html">mxnet.np.fix</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.floor.html">mxnet.np.floor</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ceil.html">mxnet.np.ceil</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.trunc.html">mxnet.np.trunc</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.around.html">mxnet.np.around</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.round_.html">mxnet.np.round_</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.sum.html">mxnet.np.sum</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.prod.html">mxnet.np.prod</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.cumsum.html">mxnet.np.cumsum</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nanprod.html">mxnet.np.nanprod</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nansum.html">mxnet.np.nansum</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.cumprod.html">mxnet.np.cumprod</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nancumprod.html">mxnet.np.nancumprod</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nancumsum.html">mxnet.np.nancumsum</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.diff.html">mxnet.np.diff</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ediff1d.html">mxnet.np.ediff1d</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.cross.html">mxnet.np.cross</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.trapz.html">mxnet.np.trapz</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.exp.html">mxnet.np.exp</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.expm1.html">mxnet.np.expm1</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.log.html">mxnet.np.log</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.log10.html">mxnet.np.log10</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.log2.html">mxnet.np.log2</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.log1p.html">mxnet.np.log1p</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.logaddexp.html">mxnet.np.logaddexp</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.i0.html">mxnet.np.i0</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ldexp.html">mxnet.np.ldexp</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.frexp.html">mxnet.np.frexp</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.reciprocal.html">mxnet.np.reciprocal</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.negative.html">mxnet.np.negative</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.subtract.html">mxnet.np.subtract</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.mod.html">mxnet.np.mod</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.multiply.html">mxnet.np.multiply</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.true_divide.html">mxnet.np.true_divide</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.remainder.html">mxnet.np.remainder</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.float_power.html">mxnet.np.float_power</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.fmod.html">mxnet.np.fmod</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.modf.html">mxnet.np.modf</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.divmod.html">mxnet.np.divmod</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.floor_divide.html">mxnet.np.floor_divide</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.clip.html">mxnet.np.clip</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.sqrt.html">mxnet.np.sqrt</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.cbrt.html">mxnet.np.cbrt</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.square.html">mxnet.np.square</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.sign.html">mxnet.np.sign</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.maximum.html">mxnet.np.maximum</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.minimum.html">mxnet.np.minimum</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.fabs.html">mxnet.np.fabs</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.heaviside.html">mxnet.np.heaviside</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.fmax.html">mxnet.np.fmax</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.fmin.html">mxnet.np.fmin</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nan_to_num.html">mxnet.np.nan_to_num</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.interp.html">mxnet.np.interp</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/index.html">np.random</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.choice.html">mxnet.np.random.choice</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.shuffle.html">mxnet.np.random.shuffle</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.normal.html">mxnet.np.random.normal</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.uniform.html">mxnet.np.random.uniform</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.rand.html">mxnet.np.random.rand</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.randint.html">mxnet.np.random.randint</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.beta.html">mxnet.np.random.beta</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.chisquare.html">mxnet.np.random.chisquare</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.exponential.html">mxnet.np.random.exponential</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.f.html">mxnet.np.random.f</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.gamma.html">mxnet.np.random.gamma</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.gumbel.html">mxnet.np.random.gumbel</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.laplace.html">mxnet.np.random.laplace</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.logistic.html">mxnet.np.random.logistic</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.lognormal.html">mxnet.np.random.lognormal</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.multinomial.html">mxnet.np.random.multinomial</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.multivariate_normal.html">mxnet.np.random.multivariate_normal</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.pareto.html">mxnet.np.random.pareto</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.power.html">mxnet.np.random.power</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.rayleigh.html">mxnet.np.random.rayleigh</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.weibull.html">mxnet.np.random.weibull</a></li>
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</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/routines.sort.html">Sorting, searching, and counting</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ndarray.sort.html">mxnet.np.ndarray.sort</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.sort.html">mxnet.np.sort</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.msort.html">mxnet.np.msort</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.partition.html">mxnet.np.partition</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.argpartition.html">mxnet.np.argpartition</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nanargmax.html">mxnet.np.nanargmax</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nanargmin.html">mxnet.np.nanargmin</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nonzero.html">mxnet.np.nonzero</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.where.html">mxnet.np.where</a></li>
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</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/routines.statistics.html">Statistics</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.max.html">mxnet.np.max</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nanstd.html">mxnet.np.nanstd</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.cov.html">mxnet.np.cov</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.histogram.html">mxnet.np.histogram</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.histogram2d.html">mxnet.np.histogram2d</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.histogramdd.html">mxnet.np.histogramdd</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.bincount.html">mxnet.np.bincount</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.histogram_bin_edges.html">mxnet.np.histogram_bin_edges</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.digitize.html">mxnet.np.digitize</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/index.html">NPX: NumPy Neural Network Extension</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.set_np.html">mxnet.npx.set_np</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.reset_np.html">mxnet.npx.reset_np</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.cpu.html">mxnet.npx.cpu</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.cpu_pinned.html">mxnet.npx.cpu_pinned</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.gpu.html">mxnet.npx.gpu</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.gpu_memory_info.html">mxnet.npx.gpu_memory_info</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.current_device.html">mxnet.npx.current_device</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.num_gpus.html">mxnet.npx.num_gpus</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.activation.html">mxnet.npx.activation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.batch_norm.html">mxnet.npx.batch_norm</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.convolution.html">mxnet.npx.convolution</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.dropout.html">mxnet.npx.dropout</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.embedding.html">mxnet.npx.embedding</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.fully_connected.html">mxnet.npx.fully_connected</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.layer_norm.html">mxnet.npx.layer_norm</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.pooling.html">mxnet.npx.pooling</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.rnn.html">mxnet.npx.rnn</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.leaky_relu.html">mxnet.npx.leaky_relu</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.multibox_detection.html">mxnet.npx.multibox_detection</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.multibox_prior.html">mxnet.npx.multibox_prior</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.multibox_target.html">mxnet.npx.multibox_target</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.roi_pooling.html">mxnet.npx.roi_pooling</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.sigmoid.html">mxnet.npx.sigmoid</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.relu.html">mxnet.npx.relu</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.smooth_l1.html">mxnet.npx.smooth_l1</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.softmax.html">mxnet.npx.softmax</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.log_softmax.html">mxnet.npx.log_softmax</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.topk.html">mxnet.npx.topk</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.waitall.html">mxnet.npx.waitall</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.load.html">mxnet.npx.load</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.save.html">mxnet.npx.save</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.one_hot.html">mxnet.npx.one_hot</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.pick.html">mxnet.npx.pick</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.reshape_like.html">mxnet.npx.reshape_like</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.batch_flatten.html">mxnet.npx.batch_flatten</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.batch_dot.html">mxnet.npx.batch_dot</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.gamma.html">mxnet.npx.gamma</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.sequence_mask.html">mxnet.npx.sequence_mask</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/gluon/index.html">mxnet.gluon</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/gluon/block.html">gluon.Block</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/gluon/hybrid_block.html">gluon.HybridBlock</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/gluon/symbol_block.html">gluon.SymbolBlock</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/gluon/constant.html">gluon.Constant</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/gluon/parameter.html">gluon.Parameter</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/gluon/trainer.html">gluon.Trainer</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/gluon/contrib/index.html">gluon.contrib</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/gluon/data/index.html">gluon.data</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/gluon/data/vision/index.html">data.vision</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/gluon/data/vision/datasets/index.html">vision.datasets</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/gluon/data/vision/transforms/index.html">vision.transforms</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/gluon/loss/index.html">gluon.loss</a></li>
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<span class="mdl-layout-title toc">Table Of Contents</span>
<nav class="mdl-navigation">
<ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="../../index.html">Python Tutorials</a><ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../getting-started/index.html">Getting Started</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../getting-started/crash-course/index.html">Crash Course</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../getting-started/crash-course/0-introduction.html">Introduction</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../getting-started/crash-course/1-nparray.html">Step 1: Manipulate data with NP on MXNet</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../getting-started/crash-course/2-create-nn.html">Step 2: Create a neural network</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../getting-started/crash-course/3-autograd.html">Step 3: Automatic differentiation with autograd</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../getting-started/crash-course/4-components.html">Step 4: Necessary components that are not in the network</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../getting-started/crash-course/5-datasets.html">Step 5: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DataLoader</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../getting-started/crash-course/5-datasets.html#Using-own-data-with-included-Datasets">Using own data with included <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../getting-started/crash-course/5-datasets.html#Using-your-own-data-with-custom-Datasets">Using your own data with custom <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../getting-started/crash-course/5-datasets.html#New-in-MXNet-2.0:-faster-C++-backend-dataloaders">New in MXNet 2.0: faster C++ backend dataloaders</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../getting-started/crash-course/6-train-nn.html">Step 6: Train a Neural Network</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../getting-started/crash-course/7-use-gpus.html">Step 7: Load and Run a NN using GPU</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../getting-started/to-mxnet/index.html">Moving to MXNet from Other Frameworks</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../getting-started/to-mxnet/pytorch.html">PyTorch vs Apache MXNet</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../getting-started/gluon_from_experiment_to_deployment.html">Gluon: from experiment to deployment</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../getting-started/gluon_migration_guide.html">Gluon2.0: Migration Guide</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../getting-started/logistic_regression_explained.html">Logistic regression explained</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/python/docs/tutorials/packages/gluon/image/mnist.html">MNIST</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/index.html">Packages</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/autograd/index.html">Automatic Differentiation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/index.html">Gluon</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/blocks/index.html">Blocks</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/blocks/custom-layer.html">Custom Layers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/blocks/hybridize.html">Hybridize</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/blocks/init.html">Initialization</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/blocks/naming.html">Parameter and Block Naming</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/blocks/nn.html">Layers and Blocks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/blocks/parameters.html">Parameter Management</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/blocks/save_load_params.html">Saving and Loading Gluon Models</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/blocks/activations/activations.html">Activation Blocks</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/data/index.html">Data Tutorials</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/data/data_augmentation.html">Image Augmentation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/data/datasets.html">Gluon <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DataLoader</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/data/datasets.html#Using-own-data-with-included-Datasets">Using own data with included <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/data/datasets.html#Using-own-data-with-custom-Datasets">Using own data with custom <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/data/datasets.html#Appendix:-Upgrading-from-Module-DataIter-to-Gluon-DataLoader">Appendix: Upgrading from Module <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DataIter</span></code> to Gluon <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DataLoader</span></code></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/image/index.html">Image Tutorials</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/image/info_gan.html">Image similarity search with InfoGAN</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/image/mnist.html">Handwritten Digit Recognition</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/loss/index.html">Losses</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/loss/custom-loss.html">Custom Loss Blocks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/loss/kl_divergence.html">Kullback-Leibler (KL) Divergence</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/loss/loss.html">Loss functions</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/text/index.html">Text Tutorials</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/text/gnmt.html">Google Neural Machine Translation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/text/transformer.html">Machine Translation with Transformer</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/training/index.html">Training</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/training/fit_api_tutorial.html">MXNet Gluon Fit API</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/training/trainer.html">Trainer</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/training/learning_rates/index.html">Learning Rates</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/training/learning_rates/learning_rate_finder.html">Learning Rate Finder</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/training/learning_rates/learning_rate_schedules.html">Learning Rate Schedules</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/training/learning_rates/learning_rate_schedules_advanced.html">Advanced Learning Rate Schedules</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/gluon/training/normalization/index.html">Normalization Blocks</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/kvstore/index.html">KVStore</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/kvstore/kvstore.html">Distributed Key-Value Store</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/legacy/index.html">Legacy</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/legacy/ndarray/index.html">NDArray</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/legacy/ndarray/01-ndarray-intro.html">An Intro: Manipulate Data the MXNet Way with NDArray</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/legacy/ndarray/02-ndarray-operations.html">NDArray Operations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/legacy/ndarray/03-ndarray-contexts.html">NDArray Contexts</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/legacy/ndarray/gotchas_numpy_in_mxnet.html">Gotchas using NumPy in Apache MXNet</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/legacy/ndarray/sparse/index.html">Tutorials</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/legacy/ndarray/sparse/csr.html">CSRNDArray - NDArray in Compressed Sparse Row Storage Format</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/legacy/ndarray/sparse/row_sparse.html">RowSparseNDArray - NDArray for Sparse Gradient Updates</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/np/index.html">What is NP on MXNet</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/np/cheat-sheet.html">The NP on MXNet cheat sheet</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/np/np-vs-numpy.html">Differences between NP on MXNet and NumPy</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/onnx/index.html">ONNX</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/onnx/fine_tuning_gluon.html">Fine-tuning an ONNX model</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/onnx/inference_on_onnx_model.html">Running inference on MXNet/Gluon from an ONNX model</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/python/docs/tutorials/deploy/export/onnx.html">Export ONNX Models</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/optimizer/index.html">Optimizers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../packages/viz/index.html">Visualization</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/faq/visualize_graph">Visualize networks</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="reference internal" href="../index.html">Performance</a><ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../compression/index.html">Compression</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../compression/int8.html">Deploy with int-8</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/faq/float16">Float16</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/faq/gradient_compression">Gradient Compression</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://gluon-cv.mxnet.io/build/examples_deployment/int8_inference.html">GluonCV with Quantized Models</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Accelerated Backend Tools</a><ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="dnnl/index.html">oneDNN</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="dnnl/dnnl_readme.html">Install MXNet with oneDNN</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="dnnl/dnnl_quantization.html">oneDNN Quantization</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="dnnl/dnnl_quantization_inc.html">Improving accuracy with Intel® Neural Compressor</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="tvm.html">Use TVM</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="profiler.html">Profiling MXNet Models</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Using AMP: Automatic Mixed Precision</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../deploy/index.html">Deployment</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../deploy/export/index.html">Export</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../deploy/export/onnx.html">Exporting to ONNX format</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://gluon-cv.mxnet.io/build/examples_deployment/export_network.html">Export Gluon CV Models</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/python/docs/tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/save_load_params.html">Save / Load Parameters</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../deploy/inference/index.html">Inference</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../deploy/inference/cpp.html">Deploy into C++</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../deploy/inference/image_classification_jetson.html">Image Classication using pretrained ResNet-50 model on Jetson module</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../deploy/run-on-aws/index.html">Run on AWS</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../deploy/run-on-aws/use_ec2.html">Run on an EC2 Instance</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../deploy/run-on-aws/use_sagemaker.html">Run on Amazon SageMaker</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../deploy/run-on-aws/cloud.html">MXNet on the Cloud</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../extend/index.html">Extend</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../extend/customop.html">Custom Numpy Operators</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/faq/new_op">New Operator Creation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/faq/add_op_in_backend">New Operator in MXNet Backend</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/faq/using_rtc">Using RTC for CUDA kernels</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/index.html">Python API</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/index.html">mxnet.np</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/arrays.html">Array objects</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/arrays.ndarray.html">The N-dimensional array (<code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ndarray</span></code>)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/arrays.indexing.html">Indexing</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/routines.html">Routines</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/routines.array-creation.html">Array creation routines</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.eye.html">mxnet.np.eye</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.empty.html">mxnet.np.empty</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.full.html">mxnet.np.full</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.identity.html">mxnet.np.identity</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ones.html">mxnet.np.ones</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ones_like.html">mxnet.np.ones_like</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.zeros.html">mxnet.np.zeros</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.zeros_like.html">mxnet.np.zeros_like</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.array.html">mxnet.np.array</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.copy.html">mxnet.np.copy</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arange.html">mxnet.np.arange</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linspace.html">mxnet.np.linspace</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.logspace.html">mxnet.np.logspace</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.meshgrid.html">mxnet.np.meshgrid</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.tril.html">mxnet.np.tril</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/routines.array-manipulation.html">Array manipulation routines</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.reshape.html">mxnet.np.reshape</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ravel.html">mxnet.np.ravel</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ndarray.flatten.html">mxnet.np.ndarray.flatten</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.swapaxes.html">mxnet.np.swapaxes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ndarray.T.html">mxnet.np.ndarray.T</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.transpose.html">mxnet.np.transpose</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.moveaxis.html">mxnet.np.moveaxis</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.rollaxis.html">mxnet.np.rollaxis</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.expand_dims.html">mxnet.np.expand_dims</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.squeeze.html">mxnet.np.squeeze</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.broadcast_to.html">mxnet.np.broadcast_to</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.broadcast_arrays.html">mxnet.np.broadcast_arrays</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.atleast_1d.html">mxnet.np.atleast_1d</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.atleast_2d.html">mxnet.np.atleast_2d</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.atleast_3d.html">mxnet.np.atleast_3d</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.concatenate.html">mxnet.np.concatenate</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.stack.html">mxnet.np.stack</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.dstack.html">mxnet.np.dstack</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.vstack.html">mxnet.np.vstack</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.column_stack.html">mxnet.np.column_stack</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.hstack.html">mxnet.np.hstack</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.split.html">mxnet.np.split</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.hsplit.html">mxnet.np.hsplit</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.vsplit.html">mxnet.np.vsplit</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.array_split.html">mxnet.np.array_split</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.dsplit.html">mxnet.np.dsplit</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.tile.html">mxnet.np.tile</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.repeat.html">mxnet.np.repeat</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.unique.html">mxnet.np.unique</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.delete.html">mxnet.np.delete</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.insert.html">mxnet.np.insert</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.append.html">mxnet.np.append</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.resize.html">mxnet.np.resize</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.trim_zeros.html">mxnet.np.trim_zeros</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.reshape.html">mxnet.np.reshape</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.flip.html">mxnet.np.flip</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.roll.html">mxnet.np.roll</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.rot90.html">mxnet.np.rot90</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.fliplr.html">mxnet.np.fliplr</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.flipud.html">mxnet.np.flipud</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/routines.io.html">Input and output</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.genfromtxt.html">mxnet.np.genfromtxt</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ndarray.tolist.html">mxnet.np.ndarray.tolist</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.set_printoptions.html">mxnet.np.set_printoptions</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/routines.linalg.html">Linear algebra (<code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">numpy.linalg</span></code>)</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.dot.html">mxnet.np.dot</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.vdot.html">mxnet.np.vdot</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.inner.html">mxnet.np.inner</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.outer.html">mxnet.np.outer</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.tensordot.html">mxnet.np.tensordot</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.einsum.html">mxnet.np.einsum</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.multi_dot.html">mxnet.np.linalg.multi_dot</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.matmul.html">mxnet.np.matmul</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.matrix_power.html">mxnet.np.linalg.matrix_power</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.kron.html">mxnet.np.kron</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.svd.html">mxnet.np.linalg.svd</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.cholesky.html">mxnet.np.linalg.cholesky</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.qr.html">mxnet.np.linalg.qr</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.eig.html">mxnet.np.linalg.eig</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.eigh.html">mxnet.np.linalg.eigh</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.eigvals.html">mxnet.np.linalg.eigvals</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.eigvalsh.html">mxnet.np.linalg.eigvalsh</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.norm.html">mxnet.np.linalg.norm</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.trace.html">mxnet.np.trace</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.cond.html">mxnet.np.linalg.cond</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.det.html">mxnet.np.linalg.det</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.matrix_rank.html">mxnet.np.linalg.matrix_rank</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.slogdet.html">mxnet.np.linalg.slogdet</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.solve.html">mxnet.np.linalg.solve</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.tensorsolve.html">mxnet.np.linalg.tensorsolve</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.lstsq.html">mxnet.np.linalg.lstsq</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.inv.html">mxnet.np.linalg.inv</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.pinv.html">mxnet.np.linalg.pinv</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.linalg.tensorinv.html">mxnet.np.linalg.tensorinv</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/routines.math.html">Mathematical functions</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.sin.html">mxnet.np.sin</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.cos.html">mxnet.np.cos</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.tan.html">mxnet.np.tan</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arcsin.html">mxnet.np.arcsin</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arccos.html">mxnet.np.arccos</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arctan.html">mxnet.np.arctan</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.degrees.html">mxnet.np.degrees</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.radians.html">mxnet.np.radians</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.hypot.html">mxnet.np.hypot</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arctan2.html">mxnet.np.arctan2</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.deg2rad.html">mxnet.np.deg2rad</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.rad2deg.html">mxnet.np.rad2deg</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.unwrap.html">mxnet.np.unwrap</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.sinh.html">mxnet.np.sinh</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.cosh.html">mxnet.np.cosh</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.tanh.html">mxnet.np.tanh</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arcsinh.html">mxnet.np.arcsinh</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arccosh.html">mxnet.np.arccosh</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.arctanh.html">mxnet.np.arctanh</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.rint.html">mxnet.np.rint</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.fix.html">mxnet.np.fix</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.floor.html">mxnet.np.floor</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ceil.html">mxnet.np.ceil</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.trunc.html">mxnet.np.trunc</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.around.html">mxnet.np.around</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.round_.html">mxnet.np.round_</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.sum.html">mxnet.np.sum</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.prod.html">mxnet.np.prod</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.cumsum.html">mxnet.np.cumsum</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nanprod.html">mxnet.np.nanprod</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nansum.html">mxnet.np.nansum</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.cumprod.html">mxnet.np.cumprod</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nancumprod.html">mxnet.np.nancumprod</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nancumsum.html">mxnet.np.nancumsum</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.diff.html">mxnet.np.diff</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ediff1d.html">mxnet.np.ediff1d</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.cross.html">mxnet.np.cross</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.trapz.html">mxnet.np.trapz</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.exp.html">mxnet.np.exp</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.expm1.html">mxnet.np.expm1</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.log.html">mxnet.np.log</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.log10.html">mxnet.np.log10</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.log2.html">mxnet.np.log2</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.log1p.html">mxnet.np.log1p</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.logaddexp.html">mxnet.np.logaddexp</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.i0.html">mxnet.np.i0</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ldexp.html">mxnet.np.ldexp</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.signbit.html">mxnet.np.signbit</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.copysign.html">mxnet.np.copysign</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.frexp.html">mxnet.np.frexp</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.spacing.html">mxnet.np.spacing</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.lcm.html">mxnet.np.lcm</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.gcd.html">mxnet.np.gcd</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.add.html">mxnet.np.add</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.reciprocal.html">mxnet.np.reciprocal</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.fmod.html">mxnet.np.fmod</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.sqrt.html">mxnet.np.sqrt</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.cbrt.html">mxnet.np.cbrt</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.sign.html">mxnet.np.sign</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.maximum.html">mxnet.np.maximum</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.minimum.html">mxnet.np.minimum</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.fabs.html">mxnet.np.fabs</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nan_to_num.html">mxnet.np.nan_to_num</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.interp.html">mxnet.np.interp</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/index.html">np.random</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.shuffle.html">mxnet.np.random.shuffle</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.normal.html">mxnet.np.random.normal</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.uniform.html">mxnet.np.random.uniform</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.rand.html">mxnet.np.random.rand</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.randint.html">mxnet.np.random.randint</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.beta.html">mxnet.np.random.beta</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.chisquare.html">mxnet.np.random.chisquare</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.exponential.html">mxnet.np.random.exponential</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.f.html">mxnet.np.random.f</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.gamma.html">mxnet.np.random.gamma</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.gumbel.html">mxnet.np.random.gumbel</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.laplace.html">mxnet.np.random.laplace</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.logistic.html">mxnet.np.random.logistic</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.lognormal.html">mxnet.np.random.lognormal</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.multinomial.html">mxnet.np.random.multinomial</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.multivariate_normal.html">mxnet.np.random.multivariate_normal</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.pareto.html">mxnet.np.random.pareto</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.power.html">mxnet.np.random.power</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.rayleigh.html">mxnet.np.random.rayleigh</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/random/generated/mxnet.np.random.weibull.html">mxnet.np.random.weibull</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/routines.sort.html">Sorting, searching, and counting</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.ndarray.sort.html">mxnet.np.ndarray.sort</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.sort.html">mxnet.np.sort</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.msort.html">mxnet.np.msort</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/generated/mxnet.np.nanargmax.html">mxnet.np.nanargmax</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/np/routines.statistics.html">Statistics</a><ul>
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</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/index.html">NPX: NumPy Neural Network Extension</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.set_np.html">mxnet.npx.set_np</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.cpu.html">mxnet.npx.cpu</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.cpu_pinned.html">mxnet.npx.cpu_pinned</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.gpu.html">mxnet.npx.gpu</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.gpu_memory_info.html">mxnet.npx.gpu_memory_info</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.current_device.html">mxnet.npx.current_device</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.num_gpus.html">mxnet.npx.num_gpus</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.activation.html">mxnet.npx.activation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.batch_norm.html">mxnet.npx.batch_norm</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.convolution.html">mxnet.npx.convolution</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.dropout.html">mxnet.npx.dropout</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.embedding.html">mxnet.npx.embedding</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.fully_connected.html">mxnet.npx.fully_connected</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.layer_norm.html">mxnet.npx.layer_norm</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.pooling.html">mxnet.npx.pooling</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.rnn.html">mxnet.npx.rnn</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.multibox_detection.html">mxnet.npx.multibox_detection</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.multibox_prior.html">mxnet.npx.multibox_prior</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.multibox_target.html">mxnet.npx.multibox_target</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.roi_pooling.html">mxnet.npx.roi_pooling</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.sigmoid.html">mxnet.npx.sigmoid</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.relu.html">mxnet.npx.relu</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.smooth_l1.html">mxnet.npx.smooth_l1</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.softmax.html">mxnet.npx.softmax</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.log_softmax.html">mxnet.npx.log_softmax</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.topk.html">mxnet.npx.topk</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.waitall.html">mxnet.npx.waitall</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.load.html">mxnet.npx.load</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.save.html">mxnet.npx.save</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.one_hot.html">mxnet.npx.one_hot</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.pick.html">mxnet.npx.pick</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.reshape_like.html">mxnet.npx.reshape_like</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.batch_flatten.html">mxnet.npx.batch_flatten</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.batch_dot.html">mxnet.npx.batch_dot</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.gamma.html">mxnet.npx.gamma</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/npx/generated/mxnet.npx.sequence_mask.html">mxnet.npx.sequence_mask</a></li>
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</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/gluon/index.html">mxnet.gluon</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/gluon/block.html">gluon.Block</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/gluon/hybrid_block.html">gluon.HybridBlock</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/gluon/symbol_block.html">gluon.SymbolBlock</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/gluon/constant.html">gluon.Constant</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/gluon/parameter.html">gluon.Parameter</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/gluon/trainer.html">gluon.Trainer</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/gluon/contrib/index.html">gluon.contrib</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/gluon/data/index.html">gluon.data</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/gluon/data/vision/index.html">data.vision</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/gluon/data/vision/datasets/index.html">vision.datasets</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/gluon/data/vision/transforms/index.html">vision.transforms</a></li>
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</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/gluon/loss/index.html">gluon.loss</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/gluon/metric/index.html">gluon.metric</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/gluon/model_zoo/index.html">gluon.model_zoo.vision</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/gluon/nn/index.html">gluon.nn</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/gluon/rnn/index.html">gluon.rnn</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/gluon/utils/index.html">gluon.utils</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/autograd/index.html">mxnet.autograd</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../api/initializer/index.html">mxnet.initializer</a></li>
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<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one --><!--- or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file --><!--- distributed with this work for additional information --><!--- regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file --><!--- to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the --><!--- "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance --><!--- with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at --><!--- http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 --><!--- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, --><!--- software distributed under the License is distributed on an --><!--- "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY --><!--- KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the --><!--- specific language governing permissions and limitations --><!--- under the License. --><div class="section" id="Using-AMP:-Automatic-Mixed-Precision">
<h1>Using AMP: Automatic Mixed Precision<a class="headerlink" href="#Using-AMP:-Automatic-Mixed-Precision" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>Training Deep Learning networks is a very computationally intensive task. Novel model architectures tend to have increasing number of layers and parameters, which slows down training. Fortunately, new generations of training hardware as well as software optimizations, make it a feasible task.</p>
<p>However, where most of the (both hardware and software) optimization opportunities exists is in exploiting lower precision (like FP16) to, for example, utilize Tensor Cores available on new Volta and Turing GPUs. While training in FP16 showed great success in image classification tasks, other more complicated neural networks typically stayed in FP32 due to difficulties in applying the FP16 training guidelines.</p>
<p>That is where AMP (Automatic Mixed Precision) comes into play. It automatically applies the guidelines of FP16 training, using FP16 precision where it provides the most benefit, while conservatively keeping in full FP32 precision operations unsafe to do in FP16.</p>
<p>This tutorial shows how to get started with mixed precision training using AMP for MXNet. As an example of a network we will use SSD network from GluonCV.</p>
<div class="section" id="Data-loader-and-helper-functions">
<h2>Data loader and helper functions<a class="headerlink" href="#Data-loader-and-helper-functions" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>For demonstration purposes we will use synthetic data loader.</p>
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<span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">os</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">logging</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">warnings</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">time</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">numpy</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">np</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">mxnet</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">mx</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">mxnet.gluon</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">gluon</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">mxnet</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">autograd</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">gluoncv</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">gcv</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">gluoncv.model_zoo</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">get_model</span>
<span class="n">data_shape</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">512</span>
<span class="n">batch_size</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">8</span>
<span class="n">lr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.001</span>
<span class="n">wd</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.0005</span>
<span class="n">momentum</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.9</span>
<span class="c1"># training devices</span>
<span class="n">device</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">gpu</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)]</span>
<span class="c1"># set up logger</span>
<span class="n">logging</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">basicConfig</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">logger</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">logging</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getLogger</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">logger</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setLevel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">logging</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">INFO</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ce_metric</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">metric</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Loss</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;CrossEntropy&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">smoothl1_metric</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">metric</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Loss</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;SmoothL1&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">SyntheticDataLoader</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">object</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data_shape</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_size</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SyntheticDataLoader</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">counter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">epoch_size</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">200</span>
<span class="n">shape</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">batch_size</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data_shape</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data_shape</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">cls_targets_shape</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">batch_size</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">6132</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">box_targets_shape</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">batch_size</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">6132</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">random</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">uniform</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">shape</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">device</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cpu_pinned</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cls_targets</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">random</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">uniform</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">cls_targets_shape</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">device</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cpu_pinned</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">box_targets</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">random</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">uniform</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">box_targets_shape</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">device</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cpu_pinned</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">next</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">counter</span> <span class="o">&gt;=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">epoch_size</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">counter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">counter</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">epoch_size</span>
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">StopIteration</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">counter</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cls_targets</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">box_targets</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="fm">__next__</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">next</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__iter__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span>
<span class="n">train_data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">SyntheticDataLoader</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data_shape</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_size</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nbinput nblast docutils container">
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<div class="input_area highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>
<span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">get_network</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="c1"># SSD with RN50 backbone</span>
<span class="n">net_name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;ssd_512_resnet50_v1_coco&#39;</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">warnings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">catch_warnings</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">record</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">warnings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">simplefilter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;ignore&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">net</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">get_model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">net_name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pretrained_base</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">norm_layer</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">gluon</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">BatchNorm</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">net</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">initialize</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">net</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reset_device</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">device</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">net</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="Training-in-FP32">
<h2>Training in FP32<a class="headerlink" href="#Training-in-FP32" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>First, let us create the network.</p>
<div class="nbinput nblast docutils container">
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<div class="input_area highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>
<span></span><span class="n">net</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">get_network</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">net</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hybridize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">static_alloc</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">static_shape</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Next, we need to create a Gluon Trainer.</p>
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<span></span><span class="n">trainer</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">gluon</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Trainer</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">net</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">collect_params</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="s1">&#39;sgd&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">&#39;learning_rate&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">lr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;wd&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">wd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;momentum&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">momentum</span><span class="p">})</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nbinput nblast docutils container">
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<span></span><span class="n">mbox_loss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">gcv</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">loss</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SSDMultiBoxLoss</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">epoch</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">ce_metric</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reset</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">smoothl1_metric</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reset</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">tic</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">btic</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">enumerate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">train_data</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">batch_size</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">batch</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">shape</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">gluon</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">utils</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split_and_load</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">batch</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">ctx_list</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">device</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">cls_targets</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">gluon</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">utils</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split_and_load</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">batch</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">ctx_list</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">device</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">box_targets</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">gluon</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">utils</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split_and_load</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">batch</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">ctx_list</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">device</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">autograd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">record</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">cls_preds</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="n">box_preds</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">cls_pred</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">box_pred</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">net</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">cls_preds</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cls_pred</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">box_preds</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">box_pred</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">sum_loss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cls_loss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">box_loss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mbox_loss</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">cls_preds</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">box_preds</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cls_targets</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">box_targets</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">autograd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">backward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sum_loss</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">trainer</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">step</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ce_metric</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">update</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">l</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">batch_size</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">l</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">cls_loss</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">smoothl1_metric</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">update</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">l</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">batch_size</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">l</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">box_loss</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">name1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">loss1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ce_metric</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">name2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">loss2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">smoothl1_metric</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">logger</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">info</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;[Epoch </span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s1">][Batch </span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s1">], Speed: </span><span class="si">{:.3f}</span><span class="s1"> samples/sec, </span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s1">=</span><span class="si">{:.3f}</span><span class="s1">, </span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s1">=</span><span class="si">{:.3f}</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">epoch</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_size</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">btic</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">name1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">loss1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">loss2</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">btic</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>output</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>INFO:root:[Epoch 0][Batch 49], Speed: 58.105 samples/sec, CrossEntropy=1.190, SmoothL1=0.688
INFO:root:[Epoch 0][Batch 99], Speed: 58.683 samples/sec, CrossEntropy=0.693, SmoothL1=0.536
INFO:root:[Epoch 0][Batch 149], Speed: 58.915 samples/sec, CrossEntropy=0.500, SmoothL1=0.453
INFO:root:[Epoch 0][Batch 199], Speed: 58.422 samples/sec, CrossEntropy=0.396, SmoothL1=0.399
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="Training-with-AMP">
<h2>Training with AMP<a class="headerlink" href="#Training-with-AMP" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<div class="section" id="AMP-initialization">
<h3>AMP initialization<a class="headerlink" href="#AMP-initialization" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>In order to start using AMP, we need to import and initialize it. This has to happen before we create the network.</p>
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<span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">mxnet</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">amp</span>
<span class="n">amp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">init</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>output:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>INFO:root:Using AMP
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>After that, we can create the network exactly the same way we did in FP32 training.</p>
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<span></span><span class="n">net</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">get_network</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">net</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hybridize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">static_alloc</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">static_shape</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>For some models that may be enough to start training in mixed precision, but the full FP16 recipe recommends using dynamic loss scaling to guard against over- and underflows of FP16 values. Therefore, as a next step, we create a trainer and initialize it with support for AMP’s dynamic loss scaling. Currently, support for dynamic loss scaling is limited to trainers created with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">update_on_kvstore=False</span></code> option, and so we add it to our trainer initialization.</p>
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<span></span><span class="n">trainer</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">gluon</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Trainer</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">net</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">collect_params</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="s1">&#39;sgd&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">&#39;learning_rate&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">lr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;wd&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">wd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;momentum&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">momentum</span><span class="p">},</span>
<span class="n">update_on_kvstore</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">amp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">init_trainer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">trainer</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="Dynamic-loss-scaling-in-the-training-loop">
<h3>Dynamic loss scaling in the training loop<a class="headerlink" href="#Dynamic-loss-scaling-in-the-training-loop" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>The last step is to apply the dynamic loss scaling during the training loop and . We can achieve that using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">amp.scale_loss</span></code> function.</p>
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<span></span><span class="n">mbox_loss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">gcv</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">loss</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SSDMultiBoxLoss</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">epoch</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">ce_metric</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reset</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">smoothl1_metric</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reset</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">tic</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">btic</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">enumerate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">train_data</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">batch_size</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">batch</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">shape</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">gluon</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">utils</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split_and_load</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">batch</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">ctx_list</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">device</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">cls_targets</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">gluon</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">utils</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split_and_load</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">batch</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">ctx_list</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">device</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">box_targets</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">gluon</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">utils</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split_and_load</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">batch</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">ctx_list</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">device</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">autograd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">record</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">cls_preds</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="n">box_preds</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">cls_pred</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">box_pred</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">net</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">cls_preds</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cls_pred</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">box_preds</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">box_pred</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">sum_loss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cls_loss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">box_loss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mbox_loss</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">cls_preds</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">box_preds</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cls_targets</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">box_targets</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">amp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">scale_loss</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sum_loss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">trainer</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">scaled_loss</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">autograd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">backward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">scaled_loss</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">trainer</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">step</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ce_metric</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">update</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">l</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">batch_size</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">l</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">cls_loss</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">smoothl1_metric</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">update</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">l</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">batch_size</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">l</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">box_loss</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">name1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">loss1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ce_metric</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">name2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">loss2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">smoothl1_metric</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">logger</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">info</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;[Epoch </span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s1">][Batch </span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s1">], Speed: </span><span class="si">{:.3f}</span><span class="s1"> samples/sec, </span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s1">=</span><span class="si">{:.3f}</span><span class="s1">, </span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s1">=</span><span class="si">{:.3f}</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">epoch</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_size</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">btic</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">name1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">loss1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">loss2</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">btic</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>output</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>INFO:root:<span class="o">[</span>Epoch<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="o">][</span>Batch<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">49</span><span class="o">]</span>,<span class="w"> </span>Speed:<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">93</span>.585<span class="w"> </span>samples/sec,<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">CrossEntropy</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span>.166,<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">SmoothL1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">0</span>.684
INFO:root:<span class="o">[</span>Epoch<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="o">][</span>Batch<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">99</span><span class="o">]</span>,<span class="w"> </span>Speed:<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">93</span>.773<span class="w"> </span>samples/sec,<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">CrossEntropy</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">0</span>.682,<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">SmoothL1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">0</span>.533
INFO:root:<span class="o">[</span>Epoch<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="o">][</span>Batch<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">149</span><span class="o">]</span>,<span class="w"> </span>Speed:<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">93</span>.399<span class="w"> </span>samples/sec,<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">CrossEntropy</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">0</span>.493,<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">SmoothL1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">0</span>.451
INFO:root:<span class="o">[</span>Epoch<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="o">][</span>Batch<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">199</span><span class="o">]</span>,<span class="w"> </span>Speed:<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">93</span>.674<span class="w"> </span>samples/sec,<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">CrossEntropy</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">0</span>.391,<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">SmoothL1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">0</span>.397
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>We got 60% speed increase from 3 additional lines of code!</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="Inference-with-AMP">
<h2>Inference with AMP<a class="headerlink" href="#Inference-with-AMP" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>To do inference with mixed precision for a trained model in FP32, you can use the conversion API <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">amp.convert_hybrid_block</span></code> for gluon models. The conversion APIs will take the FP32 model as input and will return a mixed precision model, which can be used to run inference. Below, we demonstrate for a gluon model: - Conversion from FP32 model to mixed precision model. - Run inference on the mixed precision model.</p>
<div class="nbinput nblast docutils container">
<div class="prompt highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[ ]:
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="input_area highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>
<span></span><span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Context</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">gpu</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)):</span>
<span class="c1"># Below is an example of converting a gluon hybrid block to a mixed precision block</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">warnings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">catch_warnings</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">record</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">warnings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">simplefilter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;ignore&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">model</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">get_model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;resnet50_v1&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">model</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">initialize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">device</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">current_device</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="n">model</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hybridize</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">zeros</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">224</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">224</span><span class="p">)))</span>
<span class="n">converted_model</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">amp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">convert_hybrid_block</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">model</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Run dummy inference with the converted gluon model</span>
<span class="n">result</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">converted_model</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">forward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">random</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">uniform</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">224</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">224</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="n">dtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">float32</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Conversion and Inference completed successfully&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>You can also customize the operators to run in FP16 versus the operator to run in FP32 or to conditionally run in FP32. Also, you can force cast the params wherever possible to FP16.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="Current-limitations-of-AMP">
<h2>Current limitations of AMP<a class="headerlink" href="#Current-limitations-of-AMP" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>AMP’s dynamic loss scaling currently supports only Gluon trainer with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">update_on_kvstore=False</span></code> option set</p></li>
</ul>
</div>
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<p class="caption">
<span class="caption-text">Table Of Contents</span>
</p>
<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Using AMP: Automatic Mixed Precision</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#Data-loader-and-helper-functions">Data loader and helper functions</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#Training-in-FP32">Training in FP32</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#Training-with-AMP">Training with AMP</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#AMP-initialization">AMP initialization</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#Dynamic-loss-scaling-in-the-training-loop">Dynamic loss scaling in the training loop</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#Inference-with-AMP">Inference with AMP</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#Current-limitations-of-AMP">Current limitations of AMP</a></li>
</ul>
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</ul>
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