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     <h1>Multiple Disks</h1>

 <p>Mesos provides a mechanism for operators to expose multiple disk resources. When
 creating <a href="/documentation/latest/./persistent-volume/">persistent volumes</a> frameworks can decide
 whether to use specific disks by examining the <code>source</code> field on the disk
 resources offered.</p>

 <h2>Types of Disk Resources</h2>

 <p><code>Disk</code> resources come in three forms:</p>

 <ul>
 <li>A <code>Root</code> disk is presented by not having the <code>source</code> set in <code>DiskInfo</code>.</li>
 <li>A <code>Path</code> disk is presented by having the <code>PATH</code> enum set for <code>source</code> in
 <code>DiskInfo</code>. It also has a <code>root</code> which the operator uses to specify the
 directory to be used to store data.</li>
 <li>A <code>Mount</code> disk is presented by having the <code>MOUNT</code> enum set for <code>source</code> in
 <code>DiskInfo</code>. It also has a <code>root</code> which the operator uses to specify the
 mount point used to store data.</li>
 </ul>


 <p>Operators can use the JSON-formated <code>--resources</code> option on the agent to provide
 these different kind of disk resources on agent start-up. Example resource
 values in JSON format can be found below. By default (if <code>--resources</code> is not
 specified), the Mesos agent will only make the root disk available to the
 cluster.</p>

 <p><strong>NOTE:</strong> Once you specify any <code>Disk</code> resource manually (i.e., via the
 <code>--resources</code> flag), Mesos will stop auto-detecting the <code>Root</code> disk resource.
 Hence if you want to use the <code>Root</code> disk you will need to manually specify it
 using the format described below.</p>

 <h3><code>Root</code> disk</h3>

 <p>A <code>Root</code> disk is the basic disk resource in Mesos. It usually maps to the
 storage on the main operating system drive that the operator has presented to
 the agent. Data is mapped into the <code>work_dir</code> of the agent.</p>

 <p>An example resources value for a root disk is shown below. Note that the
 operator could optionally specify a <code>role</code> for the disk, which would result in
 <a href="/documentation/latest/./reservation/">statically reserving</a> the disk for a single <a href="/documentation/latest/./roles/">role</a>.</p>

 <pre><code>    {
       "resources" : [
         {
           "name" : "disk",
           "type" : "SCALAR",
           "scalar" : { "value" : 2048 }
         }
       ]
     }
 </code></pre>

 <h3><code>Path</code> disks</h3>

 <p>A <code>Path</code> disk is an auxiliary disk resource provided by the operator. This
 can be carved up into smaller chunks by creating persistent volumes that use
 less than the total available space on the disk. Common uses for this kind of
 disk are extra logging space, file archives or caches, or other non
 performance-critical applications.  Operators can present extra disks on their
 agents as <code>Path</code> disks simply by creating a directory and making that the <code>root</code>
 of the <code>Path</code> in <code>DiskInfo</code>&rsquo;s <code>source</code>.</p>

 <p><code>Path</code> disks are also useful for mocking up a multiple disk environment by
 creating some directories on the operating system drive. This should only be
 done in a testing or staging environment. Note that creating multiple <code>Path</code>
 disks on the same filesystem requires statically partitioning the available disk
 space. For example, suppose a 10GB storage device is mounted to <code>/foo</code> and the
 Mesos agent is configured with two <code>Path</code> disks at <code>/foo/disk1</code> and
 <code>/foo/disk2</code>. To avoid the risk of running out of space on the device, <code>disk1</code>
 and <code>disk2</code> should be configured (when the Mesos agent is started) to use at
 most 10GB of disk space in total.</p>

 <p>An example resources value for a <code>Path</code> disk is shown below. Note that the
 operator could optionally specify a <code>role</code> for the disk, which would result in
 <a href="/documentation/latest/./reservation/">statically reserving</a> the disk for a single <a href="/documentation/latest/./roles/">role</a>.</p>

 <pre><code>    {
       "resources" : [
         {
           "name" : "disk",
           "type" : "SCALAR",
           "scalar" : { "value" : 2048 },
           "disk" : {
             "source" : {
               "type" : "PATH",
               "path" : { "root" : "/mnt/data" }
             }
           }
         }
       ]
     }
 </code></pre>

 <h3><code>Mount</code> disks</h3>

 <p>A <code>Mount</code> disk is an auxiliary disk resource provided by the operator. This
 <strong>cannot</strong> be carved up into smaller chunks by frameworks. This lack of
 flexibility allows operators to provide assurances to frameworks that they will
 have exclusive access to the disk device. Common uses for this kind of disk
 include database storage, write-ahead logs, or other performance-critical
 applications.</p>

 <p>On Linux, <code>Mount</code> disks must map to a <code>mount</code> point in the <code>/proc/mounts</code>
 table. Operators should mount a physical disk with their preferred file system
 and provide the mount point as the <code>root</code> of the <code>Mount</code> in <code>DiskInfo</code>&rsquo;s
 <code>source</code>.</p>

 <p>Aside from the performance advantages of <code>Mount</code> disks, applications running on
 them should be able to rely on disk errors when they attempt to exceed the
 capacity of the volume. This holds true as long as the file system in use
 correctly propagates these errors. Due to this expectation, the <code>disk/du</code>
 isolation is disabled for <code>Mount</code> disks.</p>

 <p>An example resources value for a <code>Mount</code> disk is shown below. Note that the
 operator could optionally specify a <code>role</code> for the disk, which would result in
 <a href="/documentation/latest/./reservation/">statically reserving</a> the disk for a single <a href="/documentation/latest/./roles/">role</a>.</p>

 <pre><code>    {
       "resources" : [
         {
           "name" : "disk",
           "type" : "SCALAR",
           "scalar" : { "value" : 2048 },
           "disk" : {
             "source" : {
               "type" : "MOUNT",
               "mount" : { "root" : "/mnt/data" }
             }
           }
         }
       ]
     }
 </code></pre>

 <h4><code>Block</code> disks</h4>

 <p>Mesos currently does not allow operators to expose raw block devices. It may do
 so in the future, but there are security and flexibility concerns that need to
 be addressed in a design document first.</p>

 <h3>Implementation</h3>

 <p>A <code>Path</code> disk will have sub-directories created within the <code>root</code> which will be
 used to differentiate the different volumes that are created on it. When a
 persistent volume on a <code>Path</code> disk is destroyed, Mesos will remove all the files
 and directories stored in the volume, as well as the sub-directory within <code>root</code>
 that was created by Mesos for the volume.</p>

 <p>A <code>Mount</code> disk will <strong>not</strong> have sub-directories created, allowing applications
 to use the full file system mounted on the device. This construct allows Mesos
 tasks to access volumes that contain pre-existing directory structures. This can
 be useful to simplify ingesting data such as a pre-existing Postgres database or
 HDFS data directory. Note that when a persistent volume on a <code>Mount</code> disk is
 destroyed, Mesos will remove all the files and directories stored in the volume,
 but will <strong>not</strong> remove the root directory (i.e., the mount point).</p>

 <p>Operators should be aware of these distinctions when inspecting or cleaning up
 remnant data.</p>

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	<p>See our <a href="/community/">community</a> page for more details.</p>
	</div>
	<div class="col-md-8">
	<h1>Multiple Disks</h1>

	<p>Mesos provides a mechanism for operators to expose multiple disk resources. When
	creating <a href="/documentation/latest/./persistent-volume/">persistent volumes</a> frameworks can decide
	whether to use specific disks by examining the <code>source</code> field on the disk
	resources offered.</p>

	<h2>Types of Disk Resources</h2>

	<p><code>Disk</code> resources come in three forms:</p>

	<ul>
	<li>A <code>Root</code> disk is presented by not having the <code>source</code> set in <code>DiskInfo</code>.</li>
	<li>A <code>Path</code> disk is presented by having the <code>PATH</code> enum set for <code>source</code> in
	<code>DiskInfo</code>. It also has a <code>root</code> which the operator uses to specify the
	directory to be used to store data.</li>
	<li>A <code>Mount</code> disk is presented by having the <code>MOUNT</code> enum set for <code>source</code> in
	<code>DiskInfo</code>. It also has a <code>root</code> which the operator uses to specify the
	mount point used to store data.</li>
	</ul>


	<p>Operators can use the JSON-formated <code>--resources</code> option on the agent to provide
	these different kind of disk resources on agent start-up. Example resource
	values in JSON format can be found below. By default (if <code>--resources</code> is not
	specified), the Mesos agent will only make the root disk available to the
	cluster.</p>

	<p><strong>NOTE:</strong> Once you specify any <code>Disk</code> resource manually (i.e., via the
	<code>--resources</code> flag), Mesos will stop auto-detecting the <code>Root</code> disk resource.
	Hence if you want to use the <code>Root</code> disk you will need to manually specify it
	using the format described below.</p>

	<h3><code>Root</code> disk</h3>

	<p>A <code>Root</code> disk is the basic disk resource in Mesos. It usually maps to the
	storage on the main operating system drive that the operator has presented to
	the agent. Data is mapped into the <code>work_dir</code> of the agent.</p>

	<p>An example resources value for a root disk is shown below. Note that the
	operator could optionally specify a <code>role</code> for the disk, which would result in
	<a href="/documentation/latest/./reservation/">statically reserving</a> the disk for a single <a href="/documentation/latest/./roles/">role</a>.</p>

	<pre><code> {
	"resources" : [
	{
	"name" : "disk",
	"type" : "SCALAR",
	"scalar" : { "value" : 2048 }
	}
	]
	}
	</code></pre>

	<h3><code>Path</code> disks</h3>

	<p>A <code>Path</code> disk is an auxiliary disk resource provided by the operator. This
	can be carved up into smaller chunks by creating persistent volumes that use
	less than the total available space on the disk. Common uses for this kind of
	disk are extra logging space, file archives or caches, or other non
	performance-critical applications. Operators can present extra disks on their
	agents as <code>Path</code> disks simply by creating a directory and making that the <code>root</code>
	of the <code>Path</code> in <code>DiskInfo</code>’s <code>source</code>.</p>

	<p><code>Path</code> disks are also useful for mocking up a multiple disk environment by
	creating some directories on the operating system drive. This should only be
	done in a testing or staging environment. Note that creating multiple <code>Path</code>
	disks on the same filesystem requires statically partitioning the available disk
	space. For example, suppose a 10GB storage device is mounted to <code>/foo</code> and the
	Mesos agent is configured with two <code>Path</code> disks at <code>/foo/disk1</code> and
	<code>/foo/disk2</code>. To avoid the risk of running out of space on the device, <code>disk1</code>
	and <code>disk2</code> should be configured (when the Mesos agent is started) to use at
	most 10GB of disk space in total.</p>

	<p>An example resources value for a <code>Path</code> disk is shown below. Note that the
	operator could optionally specify a <code>role</code> for the disk, which would result in
	<a href="/documentation/latest/./reservation/">statically reserving</a> the disk for a single <a href="/documentation/latest/./roles/">role</a>.</p>

	<pre><code> {
	"resources" : [
	{
	"name" : "disk",
	"type" : "SCALAR",
	"scalar" : { "value" : 2048 },
	"disk" : {
	"source" : {
	"type" : "PATH",
	"path" : { "root" : "/mnt/data" }
	}
	}
	}
	]
	}
	</code></pre>

	<h3><code>Mount</code> disks</h3>

	<p>A <code>Mount</code> disk is an auxiliary disk resource provided by the operator. This
	<strong>cannot</strong> be carved up into smaller chunks by frameworks. This lack of
	flexibility allows operators to provide assurances to frameworks that they will
	have exclusive access to the disk device. Common uses for this kind of disk
	include database storage, write-ahead logs, or other performance-critical
	applications.</p>

	<p>On Linux, <code>Mount</code> disks must map to a <code>mount</code> point in the <code>/proc/mounts</code>
	table. Operators should mount a physical disk with their preferred file system
	and provide the mount point as the <code>root</code> of the <code>Mount</code> in <code>DiskInfo</code>’s
	<code>source</code>.</p>

	<p>Aside from the performance advantages of <code>Mount</code> disks, applications running on
	them should be able to rely on disk errors when they attempt to exceed the
	capacity of the volume. This holds true as long as the file system in use
	correctly propagates these errors. Due to this expectation, the <code>disk/du</code>
	isolation is disabled for <code>Mount</code> disks.</p>

	<p>An example resources value for a <code>Mount</code> disk is shown below. Note that the
	operator could optionally specify a <code>role</code> for the disk, which would result in
	<a href="/documentation/latest/./reservation/">statically reserving</a> the disk for a single <a href="/documentation/latest/./roles/">role</a>.</p>

	<pre><code> {
	"resources" : [
	{
	"name" : "disk",
	"type" : "SCALAR",
	"scalar" : { "value" : 2048 },
	"disk" : {
	"source" : {
	"type" : "MOUNT",
	"mount" : { "root" : "/mnt/data" }
	}
	}
	}
	]
	}
	</code></pre>

	<h4><code>Block</code> disks</h4>

	<p>Mesos currently does not allow operators to expose raw block devices. It may do
	so in the future, but there are security and flexibility concerns that need to
	be addressed in a design document first.</p>

	<h3>Implementation</h3>

	<p>A <code>Path</code> disk will have sub-directories created within the <code>root</code> which will be
	used to differentiate the different volumes that are created on it. When a
	persistent volume on a <code>Path</code> disk is destroyed, Mesos will remove all the files
	and directories stored in the volume, as well as the sub-directory within <code>root</code>
	that was created by Mesos for the volume.</p>

	<p>A <code>Mount</code> disk will <strong>not</strong> have sub-directories created, allowing applications
	to use the full file system mounted on the device. This construct allows Mesos
	tasks to access volumes that contain pre-existing directory structures. This can
	be useful to simplify ingesting data such as a pre-existing Postgres database or
	HDFS data directory. Note that when a persistent volume on a <code>Mount</code> disk is
	destroyed, Mesos will remove all the files and directories stored in the volume,
	but will <strong>not</strong> remove the root directory (i.e., the mount point).</p>

	<p>Operators should be aware of these distinctions when inspecting or cleaning up
	remnant data.</p>

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