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| |
| |
| <section> |
| <h2><a name="Log4j_2_API"></a>Log4j 2 API</h2> |
| <a name="FlowTracing"></a> |
| <section> |
| <h3><a name="Flow_Tracing"></a>Flow Tracing</h3> |
| |
| <p> |
| The Logger class provides logging methods that are quite useful for following the |
| execution path of applications. These methods generate logging events that can be filtered |
| separately from other debug logging. Liberal use of these methods is encouraged as the output has |
| been found to |
| </p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| |
| <li>aid in problem diagnosis in development without requiring a debug session</li> |
| |
| <li>aid in problem diagnosis in production where no debugging is possible</li> |
| |
| <li>help educate new developers in learning the application.</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <p> |
| The most used methods are the entry() or traceEntry() and exit() or traceExit() methods. entry() |
| or traceEntry() should be placed at the beginning of methods, except perhaps for simple |
| getters and setters. entry() can be called passing from 0 to 4 parameters. Typically these will be |
| parameters passed to the method. traceEntry() can be passed a format String and a variable list of |
| parameters, or a Message. The entry() and traceEntry() methods log with a level of TRACE and uses |
| a Marker with a name of "ENTER" which is also a "FLOW" Marker and all message strings will begin |
| with "event", even if a format String or Message is used. |
| </p> |
| |
| <p>The main difference between the entry and traceEntry methods is that the entry method accepts a |
| variable list of objects where presumably each is a method parameter. The traceEntry method |
| accepts a format string followed by a variable list of objects, presumably included in the |
| format String. It is not possible to have a single method that includes both of these as it would |
| be ambiguous whether the first String is a parameter or a format String.</p> |
| |
| <p> |
| An exit() or traceExit() method should be placed before any return statement or as the last statement of |
| methods without a return. exit() and traceExit() can be called with or without a parameter. Typically, |
| methods that return void will use exit() or traceExit() while methods that return an Object will use |
| exit(Object obj) or traceExit(object, new SomeMessage(object)). The exit() and traceExit() methods log |
| with a level of TRACE and uses a Marker with a name of "EXIT" which is also a "FLOW" Marker and all |
| message strings will begin with "exit", even if a format String or Message is used. |
| </p> |
| |
| <p> |
| The throwing() method can be used by an application when it is throwing an exception that is |
| unlikely to be handled, such as a RuntimeException. This will insure that proper diagnostics |
| are available if needed. The logging event generated will have a level of ERROR and will have |
| an associated Marker with a name of "THROWING" which is also an "EXCEPTION" Marker. |
| </p> |
| |
| <p> |
| The catching() method can be used by an application when it catches an Exception that it is not |
| going to rethrow, either explicitly or attached to another Exception. The logging event generated |
| will have a level of ERROR and will have an associated Marker with a name of "CATCHING" which is |
| also an "EXCEPTION" Marker. |
| </p> |
| |
| <p> |
| The following example shows a simple application using these methods in a fairly typical manner. The |
| throwing() is not present since no Exceptions are explicitly thrown and not handled. |
| </p> |
| |
| <div> |
| <pre class="prettyprint linenums"> |
| package com.test; |
| |
| import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger; |
| import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager; |
| |
| import java.util.Random; |
| |
| public class TestService { |
| private Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(TestService.class.getName()); |
| |
| private String[] messages = new String[] { |
| "Hello, World", |
| "Goodbye Cruel World", |
| "You had me at hello" |
| }; |
| private Random rand = new Random(1); |
| |
| public void setMessages(String[] messages) { |
| logger.traceEntry(new JsonMessage(messages)); |
| this.messages = messages; |
| logger.traceExit(); |
| } |
| |
| public String[] getMessages() { |
| logger.traceEntry(); |
| return logger.traceExit(messages, new JsonMessage(messages)); |
| } |
| |
| public String retrieveMessage() { |
| logger.entry(); |
| |
| String testMsg = getMessage(getKey()); |
| |
| return logger.exit(testMsg); |
| } |
| |
| public void exampleException() { |
| logger.entry(); |
| try { |
| String msg = messages[messages.length]; |
| logger.error("An exception should have been thrown"); |
| } catch (Exception ex) { |
| logger.catching(ex); |
| } |
| logger.exit(); |
| } |
| |
| public String getMessage(int key) { |
| logger.entry(key); |
| |
| String value = messages[key]; |
| |
| return logger.exit(value); |
| } |
| |
| private int getKey() { |
| logger.entry(); |
| int key = rand.nextInt(messages.length); |
| return logger.exit(key); |
| } |
| }</pre></div> |
| |
| <p> |
| This test application uses the preceding service to generate logging events. |
| </p> |
| |
| <div> |
| <pre class="prettyprint linenums"> |
| package com.test; |
| |
| public class App { |
| |
| public static void main( String[] args ) { |
| TestService service = new TestService(); |
| service.retrieveMessage(); |
| service.retrieveMessage(); |
| service.exampleException(); |
| } |
| }</pre></div> |
| |
| <p> |
| The configuration below will cause all output to be routed to target/test.log. The pattern for |
| the FileAppender includes the class name, line number and method name. Including these |
| in the pattern are critical for the log to be of value. |
| </p> |
| |
| <div> |
| <pre class="prettyprint linenums"> |
| <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> |
| <Configuration status="error"> |
| <Appenders> |
| <Console name="Console" target="SYSTEM_OUT"> |
| <ThresholdFilter level="ERROR" onMatch="ACCEPT" onMismatch="DENY"/> |
| <!-- Flow tracing is most useful with a pattern that shows location. |
| Below pattern outputs class, line number and method name. --> |
| <PatternLayout pattern="%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} %-5level %class{36} %L %M - %msg%xEx%n"/> |
| </Console> |
| <File name="log" fileName="target/test.log" append="false"> |
| <PatternLayout pattern="%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} %-5level %class{36} %L %M - %msg%xEx%n"/> |
| </File> |
| </Appenders> |
| <Loggers> |
| <Root level="trace"> |
| <AppenderRef ref="log"/> |
| </Root> |
| </Loggers> |
| </Configuration></pre></div> |
| |
| <p> |
| Here is the output that results from the Java classes and configuration above. |
| </p> |
| |
| <div> |
| <pre> |
| 19:08:07.056 TRACE com.test.TestService 19 retrieveMessage - entry |
| 19:08:07.060 TRACE com.test.TestService 46 getKey - entry |
| 19:08:07.060 TRACE com.test.TestService 48 getKey - exit with (0) |
| 19:08:07.060 TRACE com.test.TestService 38 getMessage - entry parms(0) |
| 19:08:07.060 TRACE com.test.TestService 42 getMessage - exit with (Hello, World) |
| 19:08:07.060 TRACE com.test.TestService 23 retrieveMessage - exit with (Hello, World) |
| 19:08:07.061 TRACE com.test.TestService 19 retrieveMessage - entry |
| 19:08:07.061 TRACE com.test.TestService 46 getKey - entry |
| 19:08:07.061 TRACE com.test.TestService 48 getKey - exit with (1) |
| 19:08:07.061 TRACE com.test.TestService 38 getMessage - entry parms(1) |
| 19:08:07.061 TRACE com.test.TestService 42 getMessage - exit with (Goodbye Cruel World) |
| 19:08:07.061 TRACE com.test.TestService 23 retrieveMessage - exit with (Goodbye Cruel World) |
| 19:08:07.062 TRACE com.test.TestService 27 exampleException - entry |
| 19:08:07.077 DEBUG com.test.TestService 32 exampleException - catching java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 3 |
| at com.test.TestService.exampleException(TestService.java:29) [classes/:?] |
| at com.test.App.main(App.java:9) [classes/:?] |
| at com.test.AppTest.testApp(AppTest.java:15) [test-classes/:?] |
| at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[?:1.6.0_29] |
| at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) ~[?:1.6.0_29] |
| at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) ~[?:1.6.0_29] |
| at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) ~[?:1.6.0_29] |
| at org.junit.internal.runners.TestMethodRunner.executeMethodBody(TestMethodRunner.java:99) [junit-4.3.1.jar:?] |
| at org.junit.internal.runners.TestMethodRunner.runUnprotected(TestMethodRunner.java:81) [junit-4.3.1.jar:?] |
| at org.junit.internal.runners.BeforeAndAfterRunner.runProtected(BeforeAndAfterRunner.java:34) [junit-4.3.1.jar:?] |
| at org.junit.internal.runners.TestMethodRunner.runMethod(TestMethodRunner.java:75) [junit-4.3.1.jar:?] |
| at org.junit.internal.runners.TestMethodRunner.run(TestMethodRunner.java:45) [junit-4.3.1.jar:?] |
| at org.junit.internal.runners.TestClassMethodsRunner.invokeTestMethod(TestClassMethodsRunner.java:66) [junit-4.3.1.jar:?] |
| at org.junit.internal.runners.TestClassMethodsRunner.run(TestClassMethodsRunner.java:35) [junit-4.3.1.jar:?] |
| at org.junit.internal.runners.TestClassRunner$1.runUnprotected(TestClassRunner.java:42) [junit-4.3.1.jar:?] |
| at org.junit.internal.runners.BeforeAndAfterRunner.runProtected(BeforeAndAfterRunner.java:34) [junit-4.3.1.jar:?] |
| at org.junit.internal.runners.TestClassRunner.run(TestClassRunner.java:52) [junit-4.3.1.jar:?] |
| at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4TestSet.execute(JUnit4TestSet.java:35) [surefire-junit4-2.7.2.jar:2.7.2] |
| at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.executeTestSet(JUnit4Provider.java:115) [surefire-junit4-2.7.2.jar:2.7.2] |
| at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.invoke(JUnit4Provider.java:97) [surefire-junit4-2.7.2.jar:2.7.2] |
| at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[?:1.6.0_29] |
| at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) ~[?:1.6.0_29] |
| at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) ~[?:1.6.0_29] |
| at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) ~[?:1.6.0_29] |
| at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ProviderFactory$ClassLoaderProxy.invoke(ProviderFactory.java:103) [surefire-booter-2.7.2.jar:2.7.2] |
| at $Proxy0.invoke(Unknown Source) [?:?] |
| at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.SurefireStarter.invokeProvider(SurefireStarter.java:150) [surefire-booter-2.7.2.jar:2.7.2] |
| at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.SurefireStarter.runSuitesInProcess(SurefireStarter.java:91) [surefire-booter-2.7.2.jar:2.7.2] |
| at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.main(ForkedBooter.java:69) [surefire-booter-2.7.2.jar:2.7.2] |
| 19:08:07.087 TRACE com.test.TestService 34 exampleException - exit</pre></div> |
| |
| <p> |
| Simply changing the root logger level to DEBUG in the example above will reduce the output |
| considerably. |
| </p> |
| |
| <div> |
| <pre> |
| 19:13:24.963 DEBUG com.test.TestService 32 exampleException - catching java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 3 |
| at com.test.TestService.exampleException(TestService.java:29) [classes/:?] |
| at com.test.App.main(App.java:9) [classes/:?] |
| at com.test.AppTest.testApp(AppTest.java:15) [test-classes/:?] |
| at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[?:1.6.0_29] |
| at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) ~[?:1.6.0_29] |
| at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) ~[?:1.6.0_29] |
| at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) ~[?:1.6.0_29] |
| at org.junit.internal.runners.TestMethodRunner.executeMethodBody(TestMethodRunner.java:99) [junit-4.3.1.jar:?] |
| at org.junit.internal.runners.TestMethodRunner.runUnprotected(TestMethodRunner.java:81) [junit-4.3.1.jar:?] |
| at org.junit.internal.runners.BeforeAndAfterRunner.runProtected(BeforeAndAfterRunner.java:34) [junit-4.3.1.jar:?] |
| at org.junit.internal.runners.TestMethodRunner.runMethod(TestMethodRunner.java:75) [junit-4.3.1.jar:?] |
| at org.junit.internal.runners.TestMethodRunner.run(TestMethodRunner.java:45) [junit-4.3.1.jar:?] |
| at org.junit.internal.runners.TestClassMethodsRunner.invokeTestMethod(TestClassMethodsRunner.java:66) [junit-4.3.1.jar:?] |
| at org.junit.internal.runners.TestClassMethodsRunner.run(TestClassMethodsRunner.java:35) [junit-4.3.1.jar:?] |
| at org.junit.internal.runners.TestClassRunner$1.runUnprotected(TestClassRunner.java:42) [junit-4.3.1.jar:?] |
| at org.junit.internal.runners.BeforeAndAfterRunner.runProtected(BeforeAndAfterRunner.java:34) [junit-4.3.1.jar:?] |
| at org.junit.internal.runners.TestClassRunner.run(TestClassRunner.java:52) [junit-4.3.1.jar:?] |
| at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4TestSet.execute(JUnit4TestSet.java:35) [surefire-junit4-2.7.2.jar:2.7.2] |
| at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.executeTestSet(JUnit4Provider.java:115) [surefire-junit4-2.7.2.jar:2.7.2] |
| at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.invoke(JUnit4Provider.java:97) [surefire-junit4-2.7.2.jar:2.7.2] |
| at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[?:1.6.0_29] |
| at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) ~[?:1.6.0_29] |
| at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) ~[?:1.6.0_29] |
| at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) ~[?:1.6.0_29] |
| at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ProviderFactory$ClassLoaderProxy.invoke(ProviderFactory.java:103) [surefire-booter-2.7.2.jar:2.7.2] |
| at $Proxy0.invoke(Unknown Source) [?:?] |
| at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.SurefireStarter.invokeProvider(SurefireStarter.java:150) [surefire-booter-2.7.2.jar:2.7.2] |
| at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.SurefireStarter.runSuitesInProcess(SurefireStarter.java:91) [surefire-booter-2.7.2.jar:2.7.2] |
| at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.main(ForkedBooter.java:69) [surefire-booter-2.7.2.jar:2.7.2]</pre></div> |
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