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| <li id="publishDate">Last Published: 2022-09-13<span class="divider">|</span> |
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| <h1>Apache Log4j™ 2</h1> |
| <p>Apache Log4j 2 is an upgrade to Log4j that provides significant improvements over its predecessor, Log4j 1.x, and |
| provides many of the improvements available in Logback while fixing some inherent problems in Logback's architecture.</p> |
| <a name="CVE-2021-44832"></a> |
| <section> |
| <h2><a name="Important:_Security_Vulnerability_CVE-2021-44832"></a>Important: Security Vulnerability CVE-2021-44832</h2> |
| <p>Summary: Apache Log4j2 vulnerable to RCE via JDBC Appender when attacker controls configuration.</p><section><section> |
| <h4><a name="Details"></a>Details</h4> |
| <p>Apache Log4j2 versions 2.0-beta7 through 2.17.0 (excluding security fix releases 2.3.2 and 2.12.4) are vulnerable to |
| a remote code execution (RCE) attack where an attacker with permission to modify the logging configuration file can |
| construct a malicious configuration using a JDBC Appender with a data source referencing a JNDI URI which can execute |
| remote code. This issue is fixed by limiting JNDI data source names to the java protocol in Log4j2 versions 2.17.1, |
| 2.12.4, and 2.3.2.</p></section><section> |
| <h4><a name="Mitigation"></a>Mitigation</h4> |
| <p>Upgrade to Log4j 2.3.2 (for Java 6), 2.12.4 (for Java 7), or 2.17.1 (for Java 8 and later)</p></section><section> |
| <h4><a name="Reference"></a>Reference</h4> |
| <p>Please refer to the <a href="security.html#CVE-2021-44832">Security page</a> for details and mitigation measures for older |
| versions of Log4j.</p></section></section></section><section> |
| <h2><a name="Important:_Security_Vulnerabilities_CVE-2021-45105.2C_CVE-2021-45046_and_CVE-2021-44228"></a>Important: Security Vulnerabilities CVE-2021-45105, CVE-2021-45046 and CVE-2021-44228</h2> |
| <p>Please refer to the <a href="security.html">Security page</a> for details and mitigation measures for these security issues.</p></section><section> |
| <h2><a name="Features"></a>Features</h2><section> |
| <h3><a name="API_Separation"></a>API Separation</h3> |
| <p>The API for Log4j is separate from the implementation making it clear for application developers which classes and |
| methods they can use while ensuring forward compatibility. This allows the Log4j team to improve the implementation |
| safely and in a compatible manner.</p> |
| <p>The Log4j API is a logging facade that may, of course, be used with the Log4j implementation, but may also be used |
| in front of other logging implementations such as Logback. The Log4j API has several advantages over SLF4J:</p> |
| <ol style="list-style-type: decimal"> |
| |
| <li>The Log4j API supports logging <a href="manual/messages.html">Messages</a> instead of just Strings.</li> |
| <li>The Log4j API supports lambda expressions.</li> |
| <li>The Log4j API provides many more logging methods than SLF4J.</li> |
| <li>In addition to the “parameterized logging” format supported by SLF4J, the Log4j API also supports events using |
| the java.text.MessageFormat syntax as well printf-style messages.</li> |
| <li>The Log4j API provides a LogManager.shutdown() method. The underlying logging implementation must implement the |
| Terminable interface for the method to have effect.</li> |
| <li>Other constructs such as Markers, log Levels, and ThreadContext (aka MDC) are fully supported.</li> |
| </ol></section><section> |
| <h3><a name="Improved_Performance"></a>Improved Performance</h3> |
| <p>Log4j 2 contains next-generation Asynchronous Loggers based on the LMAX Disruptor library. In multi-threaded scenarios |
| Asynchronous Loggers have 18 times higher throughput and orders of magnitude lower latency than Log4j 1.x and Logback. |
| See <a href="manual/async.html#Performance">Asynchronous Logging Performance</a> for details. Otherwise, Log4j 2 significantly |
| outperforms Log4j 1.x, Logback and java.util.logging, especially in multi-threaded applications. |
| See <a href="performance.html">Performance</a> for more information.</p></section><section> |
| <h3><a name="Support_for_multiple_APIs"></a>Support for multiple APIs</h3> |
| <p>While the Log4j 2 API will provide the best performance, Log4j 2 provides support for the Log4j 1.2, SLF4J, Commons |
| Logging and java.util.logging (JUL) APIs.</p></section><section> |
| <h3><a name="Avoid_lock-in"></a>Avoid lock-in</h3> |
| <p>Applications coded to the Log4j 2 API always have the option to use any SLF4J-compliant library as their logger |
| implementation with the log4j-to-slf4j adapter.</p></section><section> |
| <h3><a name="Automatic_Reloading_of_Configurations"></a>Automatic Reloading of Configurations</h3> |
| <p>Like Logback, Log4j 2 can automatically reload its configuration upon modification. Unlike Logback, it will do so |
| without losing log events while reconfiguration is taking place.</p></section><section> |
| <h3><a name="Advanced_Filtering"></a>Advanced Filtering</h3> |
| <p>Like Logback, Log4j 2 supports filtering based on context data, markers, regular expressions, and other components in |
| the Log event. Filtering can be specified to apply to all events before being passed to Loggers or as they pass through |
| Appenders. In addition, filters can also be associated with Loggers. Unlike Logback, you can use a common Filter class |
| in any of these circumstances.</p></section><section> |
| <h3><a name="Plugin_Architecture"></a>Plugin Architecture</h3> |
| <p>Log4j uses the plugin pattern to configure components. As such, you do not need to write code to create and configure an |
| Appender, Layout, Pattern Converter, and so on. Log4j automatically recognizes plugins and uses them when a |
| configuration references them.</p></section><section> |
| <h3><a name="Property_Support"></a>Property Support</h3> |
| <p>You can reference properties in a configuration, Log4j will directly replace them, or Log4j will pass them to an |
| underlying component that will dynamically resolve them. Properties come from values defined in the configuration file, |
| system properties, environment variables, the ThreadContext Map, and data present in the event. Users can further |
| customize the property providers by adding their own <a href="manual/lookups.html">Lookup</a> Plugin.</p></section><section> |
| <h3><a name="Java_8_Lambda_Support"></a>Java 8 Lambda Support</h3> |
| <p>Previously, if a log message was expensive to construct, you would often explicitly check if the requested log level is |
| enabled before constructing the message. Client code running on Java 8 can benefit from Log4j's |
| <a href="manual/api.html#LambdaSupport">lambda support</a>. Since Log4j will not evaluate a lambda expression if the requested log |
| level is not enabled, the same effect can be achieved with less code.</p></section><section> |
| <h3><a name="Custom_Log_Levels"></a>Custom Log Levels</h3> |
| <p>In Log4j 2, <a href="manual/customloglevels.html">custom log levels</a> can easily be defined in code or in configuration. No |
| subclassing is required.</p></section><section> |
| <h3><a name="Log_Builder_API"></a>Log Builder API</h3> |
| <p>In addition to using one of the many log methods in the Log4j API, log events can be constructed using a builder. See |
| <a href="manual/logbuilder.html">Log Builder</a> for more information.</p></section><section> |
| <h3><a name="Garbage-free"></a>Garbage-free</h3> |
| <p>During steady state logging, Log4j 2 is <a href="manual/garbagefree.html">garbage-free</a> in stand-alone applications, and low |
| garbage in web applications. This reduces pressure on the garbage collector and can give better response time performance.</p></section><section> |
| <h3><a name="Integrating_with_Application_Servers"></a>Integrating with Application Servers</h3> |
| <p>Version 2.10.0 added the module log4j-appserver to improve integration with Apache Tomcat and Eclipse Jetty.</p></section><section> |
| <h3><a name="Cloud_Enabled"></a>Cloud Enabled</h3> |
| <p>Version 2.12.0 introduced support for accessing Docker container information via a Lookup and for accessing |
| and updating the Log4j configuration through Spring Cloud Configuration. This support was enhanced in |
| version 2.13.0 to add support for accessing Spring Boot properties as well as Kubernetes information. |
| See <a href="manual/cloud.html">Logging in the Cloud</a> for details.</p></section><section> |
| <h3><a name="Compatible_with_Log4j_1.x"></a>Compatible with Log4j 1.x</h3> |
| <p>The Log4j-1.2-api module of Log4j 2 provides compatibility for applications using the Log4j 1 logging methods. As |
| of Log4j 2.13.0 Log4j 2 also provides experimental support for Log4j 1.x configuration files. See |
| <a href="manual/compatibility.html">Log4j 2 Compatibility with Log4j 1</a> for more information.</p></section></section><section> |
| <h2><a name="Documentation"></a>Documentation</h2> |
| <p>The Log4j 2 User's Guide is available on this <a href="manual/index.html">site</a> or as a downloadable |
| <a href="log4j-users-guide.pdf">PDF</a>.</p></section><section> |
| <h2><a name="Requirements"></a>Requirements</h2> |
| <p>Log4j 2.13.0 and greater require Java 8. Version 2.4 through 2.12.1 required Java 7 (the Log4j team no longer supports |
| Java 7). Some features require optional dependencies; the documentation for these features will specify the required |
| dependencies.</p></section><section> |
| <h2><a name="News"></a>News</h2> |
| <p>Log4j 2.17.2 has been released to:</p> |
| <ul> |
| |
| <li>Over 50 improvements and fixes to the Log4j 1.x support. Continued testing has shown it is a suitable replacement |
| for Log4j 1.x in most cases.</li> |
| <li>Scripting now requires a system property be specified naming the languages the user wishes to allow. The scripting |
| engine will not load if the property isn't set.</li> |
| <li>By default, the only remote protocol allowed for loading configuration files is HTTPS. Users can specify a system |
| property to allow others or prevent remote loading entirely.</li> |
| <li>Variable resolution has been modified so that only properties defined as properties in the configuration file can be |
| recursive. All other Lookups are now non-recursive. This addresses issues users were having resolving lookups specified |
| in property definitions for use in the RoutingAppender and RollingFileAppender due to restrictions put in place in 2.17.1.</li> |
| <li>Many other fixes and improvements.</li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>2.17.2 (for Java 8) is a recommended upgrade.</p> |
| <p>Log4j 2.19.0 is now available for production. While the normal API for Log4j 2 is not compatible with |
| Log4j 1.x, an adapter is available to allow applications to continue to use the Log4j 1.x API and configuration files. |
| Adapters are also available for Apache Commons Logging, SLF4J, and java.util.logging.</p> |
| <p>Log4j 2.19.0 is the latest release of Log4j. As of Log4j 2.13.0 Log4j 2 requires Java 8 or greater at |
| runtime. This release contains new features and fixes which can be found |
| in the latest <a href="changes-report.html#a2.19.0">changes report</a>.</p> |
| <p>Log4j 2.19.0 maintains binary compatibility with previous releases.</p></section> |
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