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<h1>Part 6a: mod_proxy and Lenya</h1>
<div id="front-matter">
<div id="minitoc-area">
<ul class="minitoc">
<li>
<a href="#getting_lenya_installed_under_the_ROOT_context">
Getting Lenya installed under the ROOT context</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#a_caveat_on_SSL">A caveat on SSL</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#authoring_environment">Authoring
environment</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#next_part">Next part</a>
</li>
</ul>
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<p>We had mentioned that we were going to do articles on usecases and doctypes, but as we were
reconfiguring the newest version of Lenya (1.2.4 as of this writing) to be
installed under the ROOT context of Tomcat, we were again interested in going back
and fixing up our mod_proxy configurations so that the following would
happen:</p>
<ul>
<li>You can access the authoring environment with
http://lenya.client.com/</li>
<li>Any login requests to and subsequent usages of the authoring environment
are redirected to SSL for better security (no real certificate needed,
since just using it on inside)</li>
<li>Each publication is a directory under one virtualhost for
http://www.client.com/, unless a new domain name or sub-domain name was
needed, like http://publication.client.com/, where a separate
virtualhost would be created pointing to that one publication</li>
<li>A need for SSL pages on http://www.client.com/ (like form
submissions)</li>
</ul>
<p>It seemed like a lot to ask for, and we wasn't sure how to go about getting it done.
Lucky for us (or so we thought), Lenya's documentation has a
<a href="http://wiki.apache.org/lenya/HowToModProxy">page on
mod_proxy</a> for a very similar configuration. As always, however,
making sense of the documentation was harder than the actual configuration.
Here's our attempt at explaining just how to get the above setup working.</p>
<a name="N10027"></a><a name="getting_lenya_installed_under_the_ROOT_context"></a>
<h2 class="h3">
Getting Lenya installed under the ROOT context</h2>
<div class="section">
<p>So, we were trying to make things a little cleaner for ourself and having Lenya be
the only web application installed under Tomcat. To do this, you'll have to
change a couple things in your local.build.properies file before building
Lenya (see
<a href="installing_lenya.html"> installing Lenya</a> for more
information):</p>
<ol>
<li>Change the container from Jetty to Tomcat (new to
1.2.4)
#web.app.server=Jettyweb.app.server=Tomcat</li>
<li>Change the tomcat.webapps.dir line to the
following:tomcat.webapps.dir=${tomcat.home.dir}/webapps/ROOT</li>
<li>Change the tomcat.cache.dir line to the
following:tomcat.cache.dir=${tomcat.home.dir}/work/Catalina/localhost</li>
</ol>
<p>While the last line may seem strange, our thinking here was that since we are only
using Tomcat for Lenya, if we ever reset Lenya, then we'll just clean out the
whole work directory before starting Tomcat again.</p>
<p>Then install as always using ./build.sh. You'll have a shiny new
installation under the ROOT context, where you can now access Lenya with
http://lenya.client.com:8080/ (notice there's no 'lenya' at the end of
the URL now).</p>
</div>
<a name="N10045"></a><a name="a_caveat_on_SSL"></a>
<h2 class="h3">A caveat on SSL</h2>
<div class="section">
<p>Yes, we know, there's always a caveat. Well, one thing the mod_proxy document
doesn't mention is that you can't have two different domains or sub-domains with
SSL ports opened on the same Apache instance and using the same IP address. For
example, if we want to host http://lenya.client.com/ and
http://www.client.com/ on the same Apache instance and they both have the same
IP address (this is Name-based Virtual Hosting in Apache), you would think you
could do this:</p>
<pre class="code">
NameVirtualHost 192.168.1.100:80
&lt;VirtualHost 192.168.1.100:80&gt;
ServerName lenya.client.com
# rest of configuration goes here
&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;
&lt;VirtualHost 192.168.1.100:443&gt;
ServerName lenya.client.com
# rest of configuration goes here
&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;
&lt;VirtualHost 192.168.1.100:80&gt;
ServerName www.client.com
# rest of configuration goes here
&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;
&lt;VirtualHost 192.168.1.100:443&gt;
ServerName www.client.com
# rest of configuration goes here
&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;
</pre>
<p>But in fact, you can't. The explanation for it is
<a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/ssl/ssl_faq.html#vhosts2">
in Apache's documentation</a>. The way around this would be to either get
another IP address for www.client.com, or assign another port to
www.client.com's SSL connection (instead of using the default 443). So, in this
case, we are going to be using another IP address. To be perfectly honest, we are
actually going to split the authoring and live servers on to two physical
machines, but setting it up this way on one server using one Apache instance is
good enough for demonstration purposes.</p>
</div>
<a name="N10058"></a><a name="authoring_environment"></a>
<h2 class="h3">Authoring
environment</h2>
<div class="section">
<p>So, for this first part, we want to be able to go to http://lenya.client.com/ and get
the first page of Lenya, where we can choose the publication we need to edit. Here's
what we have (it's nearly idential to the mod_proxy how-to document on Lenya's
website):</p>
<pre class="code">
NameVirtualHost 192.168.1.100:80
&lt;VirtualHost 192.168.1.100:80&gt;
ServerName lenya.client.com
ServerAlias lenya
ProxyRequests Off
RewriteEngine On
RewriteLog logs/lenya.client.com.rewrite.log
RewriteLogLevel 0
RewriteRule ^/([^/\.]+)$ $1/ [R]
RewriteRule ^/([^/\.]+)/$ http://lenya.client.com/$1/authoring/index.html [R,L]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} lenya\.usecase=login(.*)
RewriteRule ^/(.*) https://%{SERVER_NAME}/$1 [R,L]
RewriteRule ^/(.*) http://lenya.client.com:8080/$1 [P,L]
ProxyPassReverse / http://lenya.client.com:8080/
&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;
&lt;VirtualHost 192.168.1.100:443&gt;
ServerName lenya.client.com
ServerAlias lenya
ProxyRequests Off
RewriteEngine On
RewriteLog logs/ssl.lenya.client.com.rewrite.log
RewriteLogLevel 0
RewriteRule ^/([^/\.]+)$ $1/ [R]
RewriteRule ^/([^/\.]+)/$ http://lenya.client.com/$1/authoring/index.html [R,L]
RewriteRule ^/(.*) http://%{SERVER_NAME}:8080/$1 [P,L]
ProxyPassReverse / http://lenya.client.com:8080/
&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;
</pre>
<p>Let's step through this quickly. We setup our name-based virtual host for the IP
address assigned to lenya.client.com:</p>
<pre class="code"> NameVirtualHost 192.168.1.100:80
</pre>
<p>In the first virtual host (the non-SSL one on port 80), we give it a name of
lenya.client.com, keep proxy requests off (so that it's only a reverse proxy,
not a forwarding one), and then turn on the rewriting engine to enable to rewrite
URLs. We also setup a log for the rewrites, but since the log level is 0, it won't
actually log anything.</p>
<p>The first group of RewriteRules are for convenience's sake, really. They match
everything after but up to the first forward slash that doesn't have a dot in it. In
other words, it's trying to match a directory, like this:</p>
<pre class="code"> http://lenya.client.com/default
</pre>
<p>If it matches, it resends it as
http://lenya.client.com/default/authoring/index.html, meaning that it
goes through the whole rigamarole of matching again inside the VirtualHost.
Well, whenever you access the authoring environment for the first time, Lenya
checks to see if there's a session of you being logged in. Since there probably
isn't, it forwards you an address where "lenya.usecase=login"
something-or-another is appended to it. And that's where the second group of
Rewrites comes in. See the RewriteCond? It checks to see if the query string of the
URL has that pattern. If it does, it send it off to the SSL portion (see the https?).
The rest of it gets sent back to the reverse proxy, where the content is grabbed
from port 8080 where Tomcat is installed.</p>
<p>In the VirtualHost section for SSL on lenya.client.com, it's pretty much exactly
the same. If you try to hit the SSL port with just a directory, like so:</p>
<pre class="code"> https://lenya.client.com/default
</pre>
<p>It rewrites the URL as
http://lenya.client.com/default/authoring/index.html. Here, again, it
goes back to the first VirtualHost, and if you aren't logged in, it eventually
takes you back to the SSL portion of the site to login. Otherwise, it matches
everything and sends it through the reverse proxy on port 8080. So, once you login
through SSL, you stay in SSL for all your editing.</p>
</div>
<a name="N10082"></a><a name="next_part"></a>
<h2 class="h3">Next part</h2>
<div class="section">
<p>This article turned out to be quite long, so the next time around, which should be
very shortly, we will post the second half on configuring the live server
mod_proxy config.
</p>
</div>
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