| // Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one |
| // or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file |
| // distributed with this work for additional information |
| // regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file |
| // to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the |
| // "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance |
| // with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at |
| // |
| // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 |
| // |
| // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, |
| // software distributed under the License is distributed on an |
| // "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY |
| // KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the |
| // specific language governing permissions and limitations |
| // under the License. |
| |
| #include "kudu/security/init.h" |
| |
| #include <algorithm> |
| #include <cctype> |
| #include <cstdint> |
| #include <cstdlib> |
| #include <cstring> |
| #include <ctime> |
| #include <functional> |
| #include <memory> |
| #include <mutex> |
| #include <ostream> |
| #include <random> |
| #include <string> |
| #include <type_traits> |
| |
| #include <boost/optional/optional.hpp> |
| #include <gflags/gflags.h> |
| #include <glog/logging.h> |
| #include <krb5/krb5.h> |
| |
| #include "kudu/gutil/macros.h" |
| #include "kudu/gutil/ref_counted.h" |
| #include "kudu/gutil/strings/substitute.h" |
| #include "kudu/gutil/strings/util.h" |
| #include "kudu/util/flag_tags.h" |
| #include "kudu/util/monotime.h" |
| #include "kudu/util/net/net_util.h" |
| #include "kudu/util/rw_mutex.h" |
| #include "kudu/util/scoped_cleanup.h" |
| #include "kudu/util/status.h" |
| #include "kudu/util/thread.h" |
| |
| #if defined(__APPLE__) |
| // Almost all functions in the krb5 API are marked as deprecated in favor |
| // of GSS.framework in macOS. |
| #pragma GCC diagnostic push |
| #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations" |
| #endif // #if defined(__APPLE__) |
| |
| #ifndef __APPLE__ |
| static constexpr bool kDefaultSystemAuthToLocal = true; |
| #else |
| // macOS's Heimdal library has a no-op implementation of |
| // krb5_aname_to_localname, so instead we just use the simple |
| // implementation. |
| static constexpr bool kDefaultSystemAuthToLocal = false; |
| #endif |
| |
| DEFINE_bool(use_system_auth_to_local, kDefaultSystemAuthToLocal, |
| "When enabled, use the system krb5 library to map Kerberos principal " |
| "names to local (short) usernames. If not enabled, the first component " |
| "of the principal will be used as the short name. For example, " |
| "'kudu/foo.example.com@EXAMPLE' will map to 'kudu'."); |
| TAG_FLAG(use_system_auth_to_local, advanced); |
| |
| |
| using std::mt19937; |
| using std::random_device; |
| using std::string; |
| using std::uniform_int_distribution; |
| using std::uniform_real_distribution; |
| using strings::Substitute; |
| |
| namespace kudu { |
| namespace security { |
| |
| namespace { |
| |
| class KinitContext; |
| |
| // Global context for usage of the Krb5 library. |
| krb5_context g_krb5_ctx; |
| |
| // Global instance of the context used by the kinit/reacquire thread. |
| KinitContext* g_kinit_ctx; |
| |
| // This lock is used to avoid a race while reacquiring the kerberos ticket. |
| // The race can occur between the time we reinitialize the cache and the |
| // time when we actually store the new credentials back in the cache. |
| RWMutex* g_kerberos_reinit_lock; |
| |
| class KinitContext { |
| public: |
| KinitContext(); |
| |
| // Equivalent implementation of 'kinit -kt <keytab path> <principal>'. |
| // |
| // This logs in from the given keytab as the given principal, returning |
| // RuntimeError if any part of this process fails. |
| // |
| // If the log-in is successful, then the default ticket cache is overwritten |
| // with the credentials of the newly logged-in principal. |
| Status Kinit(const string& keytab_path, const string& principal); |
| |
| // Acquires a new Ticket Granting Ticket (TGT). |
| // |
| // Renews the existing ticket if possible, or acquires a new Ticket Granting |
| // Ticket (TGT). |
| Status DoRenewal(); |
| |
| // Calculates the next sleep interval based on the 'ticket_end_timestamp_' and |
| // adds some jitter so that all the nodes do not hit the KDC at the same time. |
| // |
| // If 'num_retries' > 0, it calls GetBackedOffRenewInterval() to return a backed |
| // off interval. |
| int32_t GetNextRenewInterval(uint32_t num_retries); |
| |
| // Returns a value based on 'time_remaining' that increases exponentially with |
| // 'num_retries', with a random jitter of +/- 0%-50% of that value. |
| int32_t GetBackedOffRenewInterval(int32_t time_remaining, uint32_t num_retries); |
| |
| const string& principal_str() const { return principal_str_; } |
| const string& username_str() const { return username_str_; } |
| |
| private: |
| krb5_principal principal_; |
| krb5_keytab keytab_; |
| krb5_ccache ccache_; |
| krb5_get_init_creds_opt* opts_; |
| |
| // The stringified principal and username that we are logged in as. |
| string principal_str_, username_str_; |
| |
| // This is the time that the current TGT in use expires. |
| int32_t ticket_end_timestamp_; |
| }; |
| |
| Status Krb5CallToStatus(krb5_context ctx, krb5_error_code code) { |
| if (code == 0) return Status::OK(); |
| |
| std::unique_ptr<const char, std::function<void(const char*)>> err_msg( |
| krb5_get_error_message(ctx, code), |
| std::bind(krb5_free_error_message, ctx, std::placeholders::_1)); |
| return Status::RuntimeError(err_msg.get()); |
| } |
| #define KRB5_RETURN_NOT_OK_PREPEND(call, prepend) \ |
| RETURN_NOT_OK_PREPEND(Krb5CallToStatus(g_krb5_ctx, (call)), (prepend)) |
| |
| |
| void InitKrb5Ctx() { |
| static std::once_flag once; |
| std::call_once(once, [&]() { |
| CHECK_EQ(krb5_init_context(&g_krb5_ctx), 0); |
| // Work around the lack of thread safety in krb5_parse_name() by implicitly |
| // initializing g_krb5_ctx->default_realm once. The assumption is that this |
| // function is called once in a single thread environment during initialization. |
| // |
| // TODO(KUDU-2706): Fix unsafe sharing of 'g_krb5_ctx'. |
| // According to Kerberos documentation |
| // (https://github.com/krb5/krb5/blob/master/doc/threads.txt), any use of |
| // krb5_context must be confined to one thread at a time by the application code. |
| // The current way of sharing of 'g_krb5_ctx' between threads is actually unsafe. |
| char* unused_realm; |
| CHECK_EQ(krb5_get_default_realm(g_krb5_ctx, &unused_realm), 0); |
| krb5_free_default_realm(g_krb5_ctx, unused_realm); |
| }); |
| } |
| |
| KinitContext::KinitContext() {} |
| |
| // Port of the data_eq() implementation from krb5/k5-int.h |
| inline int data_eq(krb5_data d1, krb5_data d2) { |
| return (d1.length == d2.length && !memcmp(d1.data, d2.data, d1.length)); |
| } |
| |
| // Port of the data_eq_string() implementation from krb5/k5-int.h |
| inline int data_eq_string(krb5_data d, const char *s) { |
| return (d.length == strlen(s) && !memcmp(d.data, s, d.length)); |
| } |
| |
| Status Krb5UnparseName(krb5_principal princ, string* name) { |
| char* c_name; |
| KRB5_RETURN_NOT_OK_PREPEND(krb5_unparse_name(g_krb5_ctx, princ, &c_name), |
| "krb5_unparse_name"); |
| SCOPED_CLEANUP({ |
| krb5_free_unparsed_name(g_krb5_ctx, c_name); |
| }); |
| *name = c_name; |
| return Status::OK(); |
| } |
| |
| // Periodically calls DoRenewal(). |
| void RenewThread() { |
| uint32_t failure_retries = 0; |
| while (true) { |
| // This thread is run immediately after the first Kinit, so sleep first. |
| SleepFor(MonoDelta::FromSeconds(g_kinit_ctx->GetNextRenewInterval(failure_retries))); |
| |
| Status s = g_kinit_ctx->DoRenewal(); |
| WARN_NOT_OK(s, "Kerberos reacquire error: "); |
| if (!s.ok()) { |
| ++failure_retries; |
| } else { |
| failure_retries = 0; |
| } |
| } |
| } |
| |
| int32_t KinitContext::GetNextRenewInterval(uint32_t num_retries) { |
| int32_t time_remaining = ticket_end_timestamp_ - time(nullptr); |
| |
| // If the last ticket reacqusition was a failure, we back off our retry attempts exponentially. |
| if (num_retries > 0) return GetBackedOffRenewInterval(time_remaining, num_retries); |
| |
| // If the time remaining between now and ticket expiry is: |
| // * > 10 minutes: We attempt to reacquire the ticket between 5 seconds and 5 minutes before the |
| // ticket expires. |
| // * 5 - 10 minutes: We attempt to reacquire the ticket betwen 5 seconds and 1 minute before the |
| // ticket expires. |
| // * < 5 minutes: Attempt to reacquire the ticket every 'time_remaining'. |
| // The jitter is added to make sure that every server doesn't flood the KDC at the same time. |
| random_device rd; |
| mt19937 generator(rd()); |
| if (time_remaining > 600) { |
| uniform_int_distribution<> dist(5, 300); |
| return time_remaining - dist(generator); |
| } else if (time_remaining > 300) { |
| uniform_int_distribution<> dist(5, 60); |
| return time_remaining - dist(generator); |
| } |
| return time_remaining; |
| } |
| |
| int32_t KinitContext::GetBackedOffRenewInterval(int32_t time_remaining, uint32_t num_retries) { |
| // The minimum sleep interval after a failure will be 60 seconds. |
| int32_t next_interval = std::max(time_remaining, 60); |
| int32_t base_time = std::min(next_interval * (1 << num_retries), INT32_MAX); |
| random_device rd; |
| mt19937 generator(rd()); |
| uniform_real_distribution<> dist(0.5, 1.5); |
| return static_cast<int32_t>(base_time * dist(generator)); |
| } |
| |
| Status KinitContext::DoRenewal() { |
| |
| krb5_cc_cursor cursor; |
| // Setup a cursor to iterate through the credential cache. |
| KRB5_RETURN_NOT_OK_PREPEND(krb5_cc_start_seq_get(g_krb5_ctx, ccache_, &cursor), |
| "Failed to peek into ccache"); |
| SCOPED_CLEANUP({ |
| krb5_cc_end_seq_get(g_krb5_ctx, ccache_, &cursor); }); |
| |
| krb5_creds creds; |
| memset(&creds, 0, sizeof(krb5_creds)); |
| |
| krb5_error_code rc; |
| // Iterate through the credential cache. |
| while (!(rc = krb5_cc_next_cred(g_krb5_ctx, ccache_, &cursor, &creds))) { |
| SCOPED_CLEANUP({ |
| krb5_free_cred_contents(g_krb5_ctx, &creds); }); |
| if (krb5_is_config_principal(g_krb5_ctx, creds.server)) continue; |
| |
| // We only want to reacquire the TGT (Ticket Granting Ticket). Ignore all other tickets. |
| // This follows the same format as is_local_tgt() from krb5:src/clients/klist/klist.c |
| if (creds.server->length != 2 || |
| data_eq(creds.server->data[1], principal_->realm) == 0 || |
| data_eq_string(creds.server->data[0], KRB5_TGS_NAME) == 0 || |
| data_eq(creds.server->realm, principal_->realm) == 0) { |
| continue; |
| } |
| |
| krb5_creds new_creds; |
| memset(&new_creds, 0, sizeof(krb5_creds)); |
| SCOPED_CLEANUP({ |
| krb5_free_cred_contents(g_krb5_ctx, &new_creds); }); |
| // Acquire a new ticket using the keytab. This ticket will automatically be put into the |
| // credential cache. |
| { |
| std::lock_guard<RWMutex> l(*g_kerberos_reinit_lock); |
| KRB5_RETURN_NOT_OK_PREPEND(krb5_get_init_creds_keytab(g_krb5_ctx, &new_creds, principal_, |
| keytab_, 0 /* valid from now */, |
| nullptr /* TKT service name */, |
| opts_), |
| "Reacquire error: unable to login from keytab"); |
| #if !defined(HAVE_KRB5_GET_INIT_CREDS_OPT_SET_OUT_CCACHE) |
| // Heimdal krb5 doesn't have the 'krb5_get_init_creds_opt_set_out_ccache' option, |
| // so use this alternate route. |
| KRB5_RETURN_NOT_OK_PREPEND(krb5_cc_initialize(g_krb5_ctx, ccache_, principal_), |
| "Reacquire error: could not init ccache"); |
| |
| KRB5_RETURN_NOT_OK_PREPEND(krb5_cc_store_cred(g_krb5_ctx, ccache_, &new_creds), |
| "Reacquire error: could not store creds in cache"); |
| #endif |
| } |
| LOG(INFO) << "Successfully reacquired a new kerberos TGT"; |
| ticket_end_timestamp_ = new_creds.times.endtime; |
| break; |
| } |
| return Status::OK(); |
| } |
| |
| Status KinitContext::Kinit(const string& keytab_path, const string& principal) { |
| InitKrb5Ctx(); |
| |
| // Parse the principal |
| KRB5_RETURN_NOT_OK_PREPEND(krb5_parse_name(g_krb5_ctx, principal.c_str(), &principal_), |
| "could not parse principal"); |
| |
| KRB5_RETURN_NOT_OK_PREPEND(krb5_kt_resolve(g_krb5_ctx, keytab_path.c_str(), &keytab_), |
| "unable to resolve keytab"); |
| |
| KRB5_RETURN_NOT_OK_PREPEND(krb5_cc_default(g_krb5_ctx, &ccache_), |
| "unable to get default credentials cache"); |
| |
| KRB5_RETURN_NOT_OK_PREPEND(krb5_get_init_creds_opt_alloc(g_krb5_ctx, &opts_), |
| "unable to allocate get_init_creds_opt struct"); |
| |
| #if defined(HAVE_KRB5_GET_INIT_CREDS_OPT_SET_OUT_CCACHE) |
| KRB5_RETURN_NOT_OK_PREPEND(krb5_get_init_creds_opt_set_out_ccache(g_krb5_ctx, opts_, ccache_), |
| "unable to set init_creds options"); |
| #endif |
| |
| krb5_creds creds; |
| KRB5_RETURN_NOT_OK_PREPEND(krb5_get_init_creds_keytab(g_krb5_ctx, &creds, principal_, keytab_, |
| 0 /* valid from now */, |
| nullptr /* TKT service name */, opts_), |
| "unable to login from keytab"); |
| SCOPED_CLEANUP({ |
| krb5_free_cred_contents(g_krb5_ctx, &creds); }); |
| |
| ticket_end_timestamp_ = creds.times.endtime; |
| |
| #if !defined(HAVE_KRB5_GET_INIT_CREDS_OPT_SET_OUT_CCACHE) |
| // Heimdal krb5 doesn't have the 'krb5_get_init_creds_opt_set_out_ccache' option, |
| // so use this alternate route. |
| KRB5_RETURN_NOT_OK_PREPEND(krb5_cc_initialize(g_krb5_ctx, ccache_, principal_), |
| "could not init ccache"); |
| |
| KRB5_RETURN_NOT_OK_PREPEND(krb5_cc_store_cred(g_krb5_ctx, ccache_, &creds), |
| "could not store creds in cache"); |
| #endif |
| |
| // Convert the logged-in principal back to a string. This may be different than |
| // 'principal', since the default realm will be filled in based on the Kerberos |
| // configuration if not originally specified. |
| RETURN_NOT_OK_PREPEND(Krb5UnparseName(principal_, &principal_str_), |
| "could not stringify the logged-in principal"); |
| RETURN_NOT_OK_PREPEND(MapPrincipalToLocalName(principal_str_, &username_str_), |
| "could not map own logged-in principal to a short username"); |
| |
| LOG(INFO) << "Logged in from keytab as " << principal_str_ |
| << " (short username " << username_str_ << ")"; |
| |
| return Status::OK(); |
| } |
| |
| // 'in_principal' is the user specified principal to use with Kerberos. It may have a token |
| // in the string of the form '_HOST', which if present, needs to be replaced with the FQDN of the |
| // current host. |
| // 'out_principal' has the final principal with which one may Kinit. |
| Status GetConfiguredPrincipal(const std::string& in_principal, string* out_principal) { |
| *out_principal = in_principal; |
| const auto& kHostToken = "_HOST"; |
| if (in_principal.find(kHostToken) != string::npos) { |
| string hostname; |
| // Try to fill in either the FQDN or hostname. |
| if (!GetFQDN(&hostname).ok()) { |
| RETURN_NOT_OK(GetHostname(&hostname)); |
| } |
| // Hosts in principal names are canonicalized to lower-case. |
| std::transform(hostname.begin(), hostname.end(), hostname.begin(), tolower); |
| GlobalReplaceSubstring(kHostToken, hostname, out_principal); |
| } |
| return Status::OK(); |
| } |
| } // anonymous namespace |
| |
| |
| RWMutex* KerberosReinitLock() { |
| return g_kerberos_reinit_lock; |
| } |
| |
| Status CanonicalizeKrb5Principal(std::string* principal) { |
| InitKrb5Ctx(); |
| krb5_principal princ; |
| KRB5_RETURN_NOT_OK_PREPEND(krb5_parse_name(g_krb5_ctx, principal->c_str(), &princ), |
| "could not parse principal"); |
| SCOPED_CLEANUP({ |
| krb5_free_principal(g_krb5_ctx, princ); |
| }); |
| RETURN_NOT_OK_PREPEND(Krb5UnparseName(princ, principal), |
| "failed to convert principal back to string"); |
| return Status::OK(); |
| } |
| |
| Status MapPrincipalToLocalName(const std::string& principal, std::string* local_name) { |
| InitKrb5Ctx(); |
| krb5_principal princ; |
| KRB5_RETURN_NOT_OK_PREPEND(krb5_parse_name(g_krb5_ctx, principal.c_str(), &princ), |
| "could not parse principal"); |
| SCOPED_CLEANUP({ |
| krb5_free_principal(g_krb5_ctx, princ); |
| }); |
| char buf[1024]; |
| krb5_error_code rc = KRB5_LNAME_NOTRANS; |
| if (FLAGS_use_system_auth_to_local) { |
| rc = krb5_aname_to_localname(g_krb5_ctx, princ, arraysize(buf), buf); |
| } |
| if (rc == KRB5_LNAME_NOTRANS || rc == KRB5_PLUGIN_NO_HANDLE) { |
| // No name mapping specified, or krb5-based name mapping is disabled. |
| // |
| // We fall back to simply taking the first component of the principal, for |
| // compatibility with the default behavior of Hadoop. |
| // |
| // NOTE: KRB5_PLUGIN_NO_HANDLE isn't typically expected here, but works around |
| // a bug in SSSD's auth_to_local implementation: https://pagure.io/SSSD/sssd/issue/3459 |
| // |
| // TODO(todd): we should support custom configured auth-to-local mapping, since |
| // most Hadoop ecosystem components do not load them from krb5.conf. |
| if (princ->length > 0) { |
| local_name->assign(princ->data[0].data, princ->data[0].length); |
| return Status::OK(); |
| } |
| return Status::NotFound("unable to find first component of principal"); |
| } |
| if (rc == KRB5_CONFIG_NOTENUFSPACE) { |
| return Status::InvalidArgument("mapped username too large"); |
| } |
| KRB5_RETURN_NOT_OK_PREPEND(rc, "krb5_aname_to_localname"); |
| if (strlen(buf) == 0) { |
| return Status::InvalidArgument("principal mapped to empty username"); |
| } |
| local_name->assign(buf); |
| return Status::OK(); |
| } |
| |
| boost::optional<string> GetLoggedInPrincipalFromKeytab() { |
| if (!g_kinit_ctx) return boost::none; |
| return g_kinit_ctx->principal_str(); |
| } |
| |
| boost::optional<string> GetLoggedInUsernameFromKeytab() { |
| if (!g_kinit_ctx) return boost::none; |
| return g_kinit_ctx->username_str(); |
| } |
| |
| Status InitKerberosForServer(const std::string& raw_principal, const std::string& keytab_file, |
| const std::string& krb5ccname, bool disable_krb5_replay_cache) { |
| if (keytab_file.empty()) return Status::OK(); |
| |
| setenv("KRB5CCNAME", krb5ccname.c_str(), 1); |
| setenv("KRB5_KTNAME", keytab_file.c_str(), 1); |
| |
| if (disable_krb5_replay_cache) { |
| // KUDU-1897: disable the Kerberos replay cache. The KRPC protocol includes a |
| // per-connection server-generated nonce to protect against replay attacks |
| // when authenticating via Kerberos. The replay cache has many performance and |
| // implementation issues. |
| setenv("KRB5RCACHETYPE", "none", 1); |
| } |
| |
| g_kinit_ctx = new KinitContext(); |
| string configured_principal; |
| RETURN_NOT_OK(GetConfiguredPrincipal(raw_principal, &configured_principal)); |
| RETURN_NOT_OK_PREPEND(g_kinit_ctx->Kinit( |
| keytab_file, configured_principal), "unable to kinit"); |
| |
| g_kerberos_reinit_lock = new RWMutex(RWMutex::Priority::PREFER_WRITING); |
| scoped_refptr<Thread> reacquire_thread; |
| // Start the reacquire thread. |
| RETURN_NOT_OK(Thread::Create("kerberos", "reacquire thread", &RenewThread, &reacquire_thread)); |
| |
| return Status::OK(); |
| } |
| |
| } // namespace security |
| } // namespace kudu |
| |
| #if defined(__APPLE__) |
| #pragma GCC diagnostic pop |
| #endif // #if defined(__APPLE__) |