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| |
| <h1>Developing Applications With Apache Kudu</h1> |
| <div id="preamble"> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Kudu provides C++, Java and Python client APIs, as well as reference examples to illustrate |
| their use.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="admonitionblock warning"> |
| <table> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="icon"> |
| <i class="fa icon-warning" title="Warning"></i> |
| </td> |
| <td class="content"> |
| Use of server-side or private interfaces is not supported, and interfaces |
| which are not part of public APIs have no stability guarantees. |
| </td> |
| </tr> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_viewing_the_api_documentation"><a class="link" href="#_viewing_the_api_documentation">Viewing the API Documentation</a></h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <div class="title">C++ API Documentation</div> |
| <p>You can view the <a href="../cpp-client-api/index.html">C++ client API documentation</a> |
| online. Alternatively, after <a href="#build_from_source">building Kudu from source</a>, |
| you can additionally build the <code>doxygen</code> target (e.g., run <code>make doxygen</code> |
| if using make) and use the locally generated API documentation by opening |
| <code>docs/doxygen/client_api/html/index.html</code> file in your favorite Web browser.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="admonitionblock note"> |
| <table> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="icon"> |
| <i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i> |
| </td> |
| <td class="content"> |
| In order to build the <code>doxygen</code> target, it’s necessary to have |
| doxygen with Dot (graphviz) support installed at your build machine. If |
| you installed doxygen after building Kudu from source, you will need to run |
| <code>cmake</code> again to pick up the doxygen location and generate appropriate |
| targets. |
| </td> |
| </tr> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <div class="title">Java API Documentation</div> |
| <p>You can view the <a href="../apidocs/index.html">Java API documentation</a> online. Alternatively, |
| after <a href="#build_java_client">building the Java client</a>, Java API documentation is available |
| in <code>java/kudu-client/target/apidocs/index.html</code>.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_working_examples"><a class="link" href="#_working_examples">Working Examples</a></h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Several example applications are provided in the |
| <a href="https://github.com/cloudera/kudu-examples">kudu-examples</a> Github |
| repository. Each example includes a <code>README</code> that shows how to compile and run |
| it. These examples illustrate correct usage of the Kudu APIs, as well as how to |
| set up a virtual machine to run Kudu. The following list includes some of the |
| examples that are available today. Check the repository itself in case this list goes |
| out of date.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><code>java/java-example</code></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>A simple Java application which connects to a Kudu instance, creates a table, writes data to it, then drops the table.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><code>java/collectl</code></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>A small Java application which listens on a TCP socket for time series data corresponding to the Collectl wire protocol. |
| The commonly-available collectl tool can be used to send example data to the server.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><code>java/insert-loadgen</code></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>A Java application that generates random insert load.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><code>python/dstat-kudu</code></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>An example program that shows how to use the Kudu Python API to load data into a new / existing Kudu table |
| generated by an external program, <code>dstat</code> in this case.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><code>python/graphite-kudu</code></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>An experimental plugin for using graphite-web with Kudu as a backend.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><code>demo-vm-setup</code></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Scripts to download and run a VirtualBox virtual machine with Kudu already installed. |
| See <a href="quickstart.html">Quickstart</a> for more information.</p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>These examples should serve as helpful starting points for your own Kudu applications and integrations.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="_maven_artifacts"><a class="link" href="#_maven_artifacts">Maven Artifacts</a></h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The following Maven <code><dependency></code> element is valid for the Apache Kudu public release |
| (since 1.0.0):</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-xml" data-lang="xml"><dependency> |
| <groupId>org.apache.kudu</groupId> |
| <artifactId>kudu-client</artifactId> |
| <version>1.1.0</version> |
| </dependency></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Convenience binary artifacts for the Java client and various Java integrations (e.g. Spark, Flume) |
| are also now available via the <a href="http://repository.apache.org">ASF Maven repository</a> and |
| <a href="https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.kudu">Maven Central repository</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_example_impala_commands_with_kudu"><a class="link" href="#_example_impala_commands_with_kudu">Example Impala Commands With Kudu</a></h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>See <a href="kudu_impala_integration.html">Using Impala With Kudu</a> for guidance on installing |
| and using Impala with Kudu, including several <code>impala-shell</code> examples.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_kudu_integration_with_spark"><a class="link" href="#_kudu_integration_with_spark">Kudu Integration with Spark</a></h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Kudu integrates with Spark through the Data Source API as of version 1.0.0. |
| Include the kudu-spark dependency using the --packages option:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Use the kudu-spark_2.10 artifact if using Spark with Scala 2.10</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="highlight"><code>spark-shell --packages org.apache.kudu:kudu-spark_2.10:1.1.0</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Use kudu-spark2_2.11 artifact if using Spark 2 with Scala 2.11</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="highlight"><code>spark-shell --packages org.apache.kudu:kudu-spark2_2.11:1.1.0</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>then import kudu-spark and create a dataframe:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-scala" data-lang="scala">import org.apache.kudu.spark.kudu._ |
| import org.apache.kudu.client._ |
| import collection.JavaConverters._ |
| |
| // Read a table from Kudu |
| val df = sqlContext.read.options(Map("kudu.master" -> "kudu.master:7051","kudu.table" -> "kudu_table")).kudu |
| |
| // Query using the Spark API... |
| df.select("id").filter("id" >= 5).show() |
| |
| // ...or register a temporary table and use SQL |
| df.registerTempTable("kudu_table") |
| val filteredDF = sqlContext.sql("select id from kudu_table where id >= 5").show() |
| |
| // Use KuduContext to create, delete, or write to Kudu tables |
| val kuduContext = new KuduContext("kudu.master:7051", sqlContext.sparkContext) |
| |
| // Create a new Kudu table from a dataframe schema |
| // NB: No rows from the dataframe are inserted into the table |
| kuduContext.createTable( |
| "test_table", df.schema, Seq("key"), |
| new CreateTableOptions() |
| .setNumReplicas(1) |
| .addHashPartitions(List("key").asJava, 3)) |
| |
| // Insert data |
| kuduContext.insertRows(df, "test_table") |
| |
| // Delete data |
| kuduContext.deleteRows(filteredDF, "test_table") |
| |
| // Upsert data |
| kuduContext.upsertRows(df, "test_table") |
| |
| // Update data |
| val alteredDF = df.select("id", $"count" + 1) |
| kuduContext.updateRows(filteredRows, "test_table" |
| |
| // Data can also be inserted into the Kudu table using the data source, though the methods on KuduContext are preferred |
| // NB: The default is to upsert rows; to perform standard inserts instead, set operation = insert in the options map |
| // NB: Only mode Append is supported |
| df.write.options(Map("kudu.master"-> "kudu.master:7051", "kudu.table"-> "test_table")).mode("append").kudu |
| |
| // Check for the existence of a Kudu table |
| kuduContext.tableExists("another_table") |
| |
| // Delete a Kudu table |
| kuduContext.deleteTable("unwanted_table")</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="_using_spark_with_a_secure_kudu_cluster"><a class="link" href="#_using_spark_with_a_secure_kudu_cluster">Using Spark with a Secure Kudu Cluster</a></h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The Kudu Spark integration is able to operate on secure Kudu clusters which have |
| authentication and encryption enabled, but the submitter of the Spark job must |
| provide the proper credentials. For Spark jobs using the default 'client' deploy |
| mode, the submitting user must have an active Kerberos ticket granted through |
| <code>kinit</code>. For Spark jobs using the 'cluster' deploy mode, a Kerberos principal |
| name and keytab location must be provided through the <code>--principal</code> and |
| <code>--keytab</code> arguments to <code>spark2-submit</code>.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="_spark_integration_known_issues_and_limitations"><a class="link" href="#_spark_integration_known_issues_and_limitations">Spark Integration Known Issues and Limitations</a></h3> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>Spark 2.2+ requires Java 8 at runtime even though Kudu Spark 2.x integration |
| is Java 7 compatible. Spark 2.2 is the default dependency version as of |
| Kudu 1.5.0.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Kudu tables with a name containing upper case or non-ascii characters must be |
| assigned an alternate name when registered as a temporary table.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Kudu tables with a column name containing upper case or non-ascii characters |
| may not be used with SparkSQL. Columns may be renamed in Kudu to work around |
| this issue.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><code><></code> and <code>OR</code> predicates are not pushed to Kudu, and instead will be evaluated |
| by the Spark task. Only <code>LIKE</code> predicates with a suffix wildcard are pushed to |
| Kudu, meaning that <code>LIKE "FOO%"</code> is pushed down but <code>LIKE "FOO%BAR"</code> isn’t.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Kudu does not support all types supported by Spark SQL, such as <code>Date</code>, |
| <code>Decimal</code> and complex types.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Kudu tables may only be registered as temporary tables in SparkSQL. |
| Kudu tables may not be queried using HiveContext.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_kudu_python_client"><a class="link" href="#_kudu_python_client">Kudu Python Client</a></h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The Kudu Python client provides a Python friendly interface to the C++ client API. |
| The sample below demonstrates the use of part of the Python client.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-python" data-lang="python">import kudu |
| from kudu.client import Partitioning |
| from datetime import datetime |
| |
| # Connect to Kudu master server |
| client = kudu.connect(host='kudu.master', port=7051) |
| |
| # Define a schema for a new table |
| builder = kudu.schema_builder() |
| builder.add_column('key').type(kudu.int64).nullable(False).primary_key() |
| builder.add_column('ts_val', type_=kudu.unixtime_micros, nullable=False, compression='lz4') |
| schema = builder.build() |
| |
| # Define partitioning schema |
| partitioning = Partitioning().add_hash_partitions(column_names=['key'], num_buckets=3) |
| |
| # Create new table |
| client.create_table('python-example', schema, partitioning) |
| |
| # Open a table |
| table = client.table('python-example') |
| |
| # Create a new session so that we can apply write operations |
| session = client.new_session() |
| |
| # Insert a row |
| op = table.new_insert({'key': 1, 'ts_val': datetime.utcnow()}) |
| session.apply(op) |
| |
| # Upsert a row |
| op = table.new_upsert({'key': 2, 'ts_val': "2016-01-01T00:00:00.000000"}) |
| session.apply(op) |
| |
| # Updating a row |
| op = table.new_update({'key': 1, 'ts_val': ("2017-01-01", "%Y-%m-%d")}) |
| session.apply(op) |
| |
| # Delete a row |
| op = table.new_delete({'key': 2}) |
| session.apply(op) |
| |
| # Flush write operations, if failures occur, capture print them. |
| try: |
| session.flush() |
| except kudu.KuduBadStatus as e: |
| print(session.get_pending_errors()) |
| |
| # Create a scanner and add a predicate |
| scanner = table.scanner() |
| scanner.add_predicate(table['ts_val'] == datetime(2017, 1, 1)) |
| |
| # Open Scanner and read all tuples |
| # Note: This doesn't scale for large scans |
| result = scanner.open().read_all_tuples()</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_integration_with_mapreduce_yarn_and_other_frameworks"><a class="link" href="#_integration_with_mapreduce_yarn_and_other_frameworks">Integration with MapReduce, YARN, and Other Frameworks</a></h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Kudu was designed to integrate with MapReduce, YARN, Spark, and other frameworks in |
| the Hadoop ecosystem. See |
| <a href="https://github.com/apache/kudu/blob/master/java/kudu-client-tools/src/main/java/org/apache/kudu/mapreduce/tools/RowCounter.java">RowCounter.java</a> |
| and |
| <a href="https://github.com/apache/kudu/blob/master/java/kudu-client-tools/src/main/java/org/apache/kudu/mapreduce/tools/ImportCsv.java">ImportCsv.java</a> |
| for examples which you can model your own integrations on. Stay tuned for more examples |
| using YARN and Spark in the future.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="col-md-3"> |
| |
| <div id="toc" data-spy="affix" data-offset-top="70"> |
| <ul> |
| |
| <li> |
| |
| <a href="index.html">Introducing Kudu</a> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| |
| <a href="release_notes.html">Kudu Release Notes</a> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| |
| <a href="quickstart.html">Getting Started with Kudu</a> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| |
| <a href="installation.html">Installation Guide</a> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| |
| <a href="configuration.html">Configuring Kudu</a> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| |
| <a href="kudu_impala_integration.html">Using Impala with Kudu</a> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| |
| <a href="administration.html">Administering Kudu</a> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| |
| <a href="troubleshooting.html">Troubleshooting Kudu</a> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <span class="active-toc">Developing Applications with Kudu</span> |
| <ul class="sectlevel1"> |
| <li><a href="#_viewing_the_api_documentation">Viewing the API Documentation</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#_working_examples">Working Examples</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel2"> |
| <li><a href="#_maven_artifacts">Maven Artifacts</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a href="#_example_impala_commands_with_kudu">Example Impala Commands With Kudu</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#_kudu_integration_with_spark">Kudu Integration with Spark</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel2"> |
| <li><a href="#_using_spark_with_a_secure_kudu_cluster">Using Spark with a Secure Kudu Cluster</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#_spark_integration_known_issues_and_limitations">Spark Integration Known Issues and Limitations</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a href="#_kudu_python_client">Kudu Python Client</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#_integration_with_mapreduce_yarn_and_other_frameworks">Integration with MapReduce, YARN, and Other Frameworks</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
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| <a href="schema_design.html">Kudu Schema Design</a> |
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