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| |
| <h1>Kudu Release Notes</h1> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_introducing_kudu"><a class="link" href="#_introducing_kudu">Introducing Kudu</a></h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Kudu is a columnar storage manager developed for the Hadoop platform. Kudu shares |
| the common technical properties of Hadoop ecosystem applications: it runs on |
| commodity hardware, is horizontally scalable, and supports highly available operation.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Kudu’s design sets it apart. Some of Kudu’s benefits include:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>Fast processing of OLAP workloads.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Integration with MapReduce, Spark, and other Hadoop ecosystem components.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Tight integration with Cloudera Impala, making it a good, mutable alternative to |
| using HDFS with Parquet. See <a href="kudu_impala_integration.html">Kudu Impala Integration</a>.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Strong but flexible consistency model.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Strong performance for running sequential and random workloads simultaneously.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Efficient utilization of hardware resources.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>High availability. Tablet Servers and Masters use the Raft Consensus Algorithm. |
| Given a replication factor of <code>2f+1</code>, if <code>f</code> tablet servers serving a given tablet |
| fail, the tablet is still available.</p> |
| <div class="admonitionblock note"> |
| <table> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="icon"> |
| <i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i> |
| </td> |
| <td class="content"> |
| High availability for masters is not supported during the public beta. |
| </td> |
| </tr> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>By combining all of these properties, Kudu targets support for families of |
| applications that are difficult or impossible to implement on current-generation |
| Hadoop storage technologies.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2 6 0"> |
| <h3 id="_release_notes_specific_to_0_6_0"><a class="link" href="#_release_notes_specific_to_0_6_0">Release notes specific to 0.6.0</a></h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The 0.6.0 release contains incremental improvements and bug fixes. The most notable |
| changes are:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="olist arabic"> |
| <ol class="arabic"> |
| <li> |
| <p>The Java client’s CreateTableBuilder and AlterTableBuilder classes have been renamed |
| to CreateTableOptions and AlterTableOptions. Their methods now also return <code>this</code> objects, |
| allowing them to be used as builders.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>The Java client’s AbstractKuduScannerBuilder#maxNumBytes() setter is now called |
| batchSizeBytes as is the corresponding property in AsyncKuduScanner. This makes it |
| consistent with the C++ client.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>The "kudu-admin" tool can now list and delete tables via its new subcommands |
| "list_tables" and "delete_table <table_name>".</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>OSX is now supported for single node development. Please consult its specific installation |
| instructions in <a href="installation.html#osx_from_source">OS X</a>.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The upgrade instructions are situated at <a href="installation.html#upgrade">Upgrade from 0.5.0 to 0.6.0</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="_kudu_impala_integration_features"><a class="link" href="#_kudu_impala_integration_features">Kudu-Impala Integration Features</a></h3> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><code>CREATE TABLE</code></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Impala supports creating and dropping tables using Kudu as the persistence layer. |
| The tables follow the same internal / external approach as other tables in Impala, |
| allowing for flexible data ingestion and querying.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><code>INSERT</code></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Data can be inserted into Kudu tables in Impala using the same mechanisms as |
| any other table with HDFS or HBase persistence.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><code>UPDATE</code> / <code>DELETE</code></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Impala supports the <code>UPDATE</code> and <code>DELETE</code> SQL commands to modify existing data in |
| a Kudu table row-by-row or as a batch. The syntax of the SQL commands is chosen |
| to be as compatible as possible to existing solutions. In addition to simple <code>DELETE</code> |
| or <code>UPDATE</code> commands, you can specify complex joins in the <code>FROM</code> clause of the query |
| using the same syntax as a regular <code>SELECT</code> statement.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">Flexible Partitioning</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Similar to partitioning of tables in Hive, Kudu allows you to dynamically |
| pre-split tables by hash or range into a predefined number of tablets, in order |
| to distribute writes and queries evenly across your cluster. You can partition by |
| any number of primary key columns, by any number of hashes and an optional list of |
| split rows. See <a href="schema_design.html">Schema Design</a>.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">Parallel Scan</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>To achieve the highest possible performance on modern hardware, the Kudu client |
| within Impala parallelizes scans to multiple tablets.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">High-efficiency queries</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Where possible, Impala pushes down predicate evaluation to Kudu, so that predicates |
| are evaluated as close as possible to the data. Query performance is comparable |
| to Parquet in many workloads.</p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_about_the_kudu_public_beta"><a class="link" href="#_about_the_kudu_public_beta">About the Kudu Public Beta</a></h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This release of Kudu is a public beta. Do not run this beta release on production clusters. |
| During the public beta period, Kudu will be supported via a |
| <a href="https://issues.cloudera.org/projects/KUDU">public JIRA</a> and a public |
| <a href="https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/kudu-user">mailing list</a>, which will be |
| monitored by the Kudu development team and community members. Commercial support |
| is not available at this time.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>You can submit any issues or feedback related to your Kudu experience via either |
| the JIRA system or the mailing list. The Kudu development team and community members |
| will respond and assist as quickly as possible.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>The Kudu team will work with early adopters to fix bugs and release new binary drops |
| when fixes or features are ready. However, we cannot commit to issue resolution or |
| bug fix delivery times during the public beta period, and it is possible that some |
| fixes or enhancements will not be selected for a release.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>We can’t guarantee time frames or contents for future beta code drops. However, |
| they will be announced to the user group when they occur.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>No guarantees are made regarding upgrades from this release to follow-on releases. |
| While multiple drops of beta code are planned, we can’t guarantee their schedules |
| or contents.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_resources"><a class="link" href="#_resources">Resources</a></h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p><a href="http://getkudu.io">Kudu Website</a></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><a href="http://github.com/cloudera/kudu">Kudu Github Repository</a></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><a href="index.html">Kudu Documentation</a></p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_installation_options"><a class="link" href="#_installation_options">Installation Options</a></h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>A Quickstart VM is provided to get you up and running quickly.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>You can install Kudu using provided deb/yum packages.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>You can install Kudu, in clusters managed by Cloudera Manager, using parcels or deb/yum packages.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>You can build Kudu from source.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For full installation details, see <a href="installation.html">Kudu Installation</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_limitations_of_the_public_beta"><a class="link" href="#_limitations_of_the_public_beta">Limitations of the Public Beta</a></h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="_operating_system_limitations"><a class="link" href="#_operating_system_limitations">Operating System Limitations</a></h3> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>RHEL 6.4 or newer, CentOS 6.4 or newer, and Ubuntu Trusty are are the only |
| operating systems supported for installation in the public beta. Others may work |
| but have not been tested.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="_storage_limitations"><a class="link" href="#_storage_limitations">Storage Limitations</a></h3> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>Kudu has been tested with up to 4 TB of data per tablet server. More testing |
| is needed for denser storage configurations.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="_schema_limitations"><a class="link" href="#_schema_limitations">Schema Limitations</a></h3> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>Testing with more than 20 columns has been limited.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Kudu is primarily designed for analytic use cases and, in the beta release, |
| you are likely to encounter issues if a single row contains multiple kilobytes of data.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>The columns which make up the primary key must be listed first in the schema.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Key columns cannot be altered. You must drop and recreate a table to change its keys.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Key columns must not be null.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Columns with <code>DOUBLE</code>, <code>FLOAT</code>, or <code>BOOL</code> types are not allowed as part of a |
| primary key definition.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Type and nullability of existing columns cannot be changed by altering the table.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>A table’s primary key cannot be changed.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Dropping a column does not immediately reclaim space. Compaction must run first. |
| There is no way to run compaction manually, but dropping the table will reclaim the |
| space immediately.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="_ingest_limitations"><a class="link" href="#_ingest_limitations">Ingest Limitations</a></h3> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>Ingest via Sqoop or Flume is not supported in the public beta. The recommended |
| approach for bulk ingest is to use Impala’s <code>CREATE TABLE AS SELECT</code> functionality |
| or use the Kudu Java or C++ API.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Tables must be manually pre-split into tablets using simple or compound primary |
| keys. Automatic splitting is not yet possible. See |
| <a href="schema_design.html">Schema Design</a>.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Tablets cannot currently be merged. Instead, create a new table with the contents |
| of the old tables to be merged.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="_replication_and_backup_limitations"><a class="link" href="#_replication_and_backup_limitations">Replication and Backup Limitations</a></h3> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>Replication and failover of Kudu masters is considered experimental. It is |
| recommended to run a single master and periodically perform a manual backup of |
| its data directories.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="_impala_limitations"><a class="link" href="#_impala_limitations">Impala Limitations</a></h3> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>To use Kudu with Impala, you must install a special release of Impala called |
| Impala_Kudu. Obtaining and installing a compatible Impala release is detailed in Kudu’s |
| <a href="kudu_impala_integration.html">Impala Integration</a> documentation.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>To use Impala_Kudu alongside an existing Impala instance, you must install using parcels.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Updates, inserts, and deletes via Impala are non-transactional. If a query |
| fails part of the way through, its partial effects will not be rolled back.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>All queries will be distributed across all Impala nodes which host a replica |
| of the target table(s), even if a predicate on a primary key could correctly |
| restrict the query to a single tablet. This limits the maximum concurrency of |
| short queries made via Impala.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>No timestamp and decimal type support.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>The maximum parallelism of a single query is limited to the number of tablets |
| in a table. For good analytic performance, aim for 10 or more tablets per host |
| or use large tables.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Impala is only able to push down predicates involving <code>=</code>, <code>⇐</code>, <code>>=</code>, |
| or <code>BETWEEN</code> comparisons between any column and a literal value, and <code><</code> and <code>></code> |
| for integer columns only. For example, for a table with an integer key <code>ts</code>, and |
| a string key <code>name</code>, the predicate <code>WHERE ts >= 12345</code> will convert into an |
| efficient range scan, whereas <code>where name > 'lipcon'</code> will currently fetch all |
| data from the table and evaluate the predicate within Impala.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="_security_limitations"><a class="link" href="#_security_limitations">Security Limitations</a></h3> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>Authentication and authorization are not included in the public beta.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Data encryption is not included in the public beta.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="_client_and_api_limitations"><a class="link" href="#_client_and_api_limitations">Client and API Limitations</a></h3> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>Potentially-incompatible C++ and Java API changes may be required during the |
| public beta.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><code>ALTER TABLE</code> is not yet fully supported via the client APIs. More <code>ALTER TABLE</code> |
| operations will become available in future betas.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>The Python API is experimental and not supported.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="_application_integration_limitations"><a class="link" href="#_application_integration_limitations">Application Integration Limitations</a></h3> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>The Spark DataFrame implementation is not yet complete.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="_other_known_issues"><a class="link" href="#_other_known_issues">Other Known Issues</a></h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The following are known bugs and issues with the current beta release. They will |
| be addressed in later beta releases.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>Building Kudu from source using <code>gcc</code> 4.6 causes runtime and test failures. Be sure |
| you are using a different version of <code>gcc</code> if you build Kudu from source.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>If the Kudu master is configured with the <code>-log_fsync_all</code> option, tablet servers |
| and clients will experience frequent timeouts, and the cluster may become unusable.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>If a tablet server has a very large number of tablets, it may take several minutes |
| to start up. It is recommended to limit the number of tablets per server to 100 or fewer. |
| Consider this limitation when pre-splitting your tables. If you notice slow start-up times, |
| you can monitor the number of tablets per server in the web UI.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_next_steps"><a class="link" href="#_next_steps">Next Steps</a></h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p><a href="quickstart.html">Kudu Quickstart</a></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><a href="installation.html">Installing Kudu</a></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><a href="configuration.html">Configuring Kudu</a></p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="col-md-3"> |
| |
| <div id="toc" data-spy="affix" data-offset-top="70"> |
| <ul> |
| |
| <li> |
| |
| <a href="introduction.html">Introducing Kudu</a> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <span class="active-toc">Kudu Release Notes</span> |
| <ul class="sectlevel1"> |
| <li><a href="#_introducing_kudu">Introducing Kudu</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel2"> |
| <li><a href="#_release_notes_specific_to_0_6_0">Release notes specific to 0.6.0</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#_kudu_impala_integration_features">Kudu-Impala Integration Features</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a href="#_about_the_kudu_public_beta">About the Kudu Public Beta</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#_resources">Resources</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#_installation_options">Installation Options</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#_limitations_of_the_public_beta">Limitations of the Public Beta</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel2"> |
| <li><a href="#_operating_system_limitations">Operating System Limitations</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#_storage_limitations">Storage Limitations</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#_schema_limitations">Schema Limitations</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#_ingest_limitations">Ingest Limitations</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#_replication_and_backup_limitations">Replication and Backup Limitations</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#_impala_limitations">Impala Limitations</a></li> |
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