juneau-core/juneau-marshall/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/urlencoding/UrlEncodingSerializer.java - juneau - Git at Google

 // ***************************************************************************************************************************
 // * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file *
 // * distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file        *
 // * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance            *
 // * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at                                                              *
 // *                                                                                                                         *
 // *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0                                                                             *
 // *                                                                                                                         *
 // * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an  *
 // * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the        *
 // * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.                                              *
 // ***************************************************************************************************************************
 package org.apache.juneau.urlencoding;

 import java.util.*;
 import java.util.concurrent.*;

 import org.apache.juneau.*;
 import org.apache.juneau.annotation.*;
 import org.apache.juneau.serializer.*;
 import org.apache.juneau.uon.*;

 /**
  * Serializes POJO models to URL-encoded notation with UON-encoded values (a notation for URL-encoded query paramter values).
  *
  * <h5 class='section'>Media types:</h5>
  *
  * Handles <c>Accept</c> types:  <bc>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</bc>
  * <p>
  * Produces <c>Content-Type</c> types:  <bc>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</bc>
  *
  * <h5 class='topic'>Description</h5>
  *
  * This serializer provides several serialization options.
  * <br>Typically, one of the predefined DEFAULT serializers will be sufficient.
  * <br>However, custom serializers can be constructed to fine-tune behavior.
  *
  * <p>
  * The following shows a sample object defined in Javascript:
  * <p class='bcode w800'>
  * 	{
  * 		id: 1,
  * 		name: <js>'John Smith'</js>,
  * 		uri: <js>'http://sample/addressBook/person/1'</js>,
  * 		addressBookUri: <js>'http://sample/addressBook'</js>,
  * 		birthDate: <js>'1946-08-12T00:00:00Z'</js>,
  * 		otherIds: <jk>null</jk>,
  * 		addresses: [
  * 			{
  * 				uri: <js>'http://sample/addressBook/address/1'</js>,
  * 				personUri: <js>'http://sample/addressBook/person/1'</js>,
  * 				id: 1,
  * 				street: <js>'100 Main Street'</js>,
  * 				city: <js>'Anywhereville'</js>,
  * 				state: <js>'NY'</js>,
  * 				zip: 12345,
  * 				isCurrent: <jk>true</jk>,
  * 			}
  * 		]
  * 	}
  * </p>
  *
  * <p>
  * Using the "strict" syntax defined in this document, the equivalent URL-encoded notation would be as follows:
  * <p class='bcode w800'>
  * 	<ua>id</ua>=<un>1</un>
  * 	&amp;<ua>name</ua>=<us>'John+Smith'</us>,
  * 	&amp;<ua>uri</ua>=<us>http://sample/addressBook/person/1</us>,
  * 	&amp;<ua>addressBookUri</ua>=<us>http://sample/addressBook</us>,
  * 	&amp;<ua>birthDate</ua>=<us>1946-08-12T00:00:00Z</us>,
  * 	&amp;<ua>otherIds</ua>=<uk>null</uk>,
  * 	&amp;<ua>addresses</ua>=@(
  * 		(
  * 			<ua>uri</ua>=<us>http://sample/addressBook/address/1</us>,
  * 			<ua>personUri</ua>=<us>http://sample/addressBook/person/1</us>,
  * 			<ua>id</ua>=<un>1</un>,
  * 			<ua>street</ua>=<us>'100+Main+Street'</us>,
  * 			<ua>city</ua>=<us>Anywhereville</us>,
  * 			<ua>state</ua>=<us>NY</us>,
  * 			<ua>zip</ua>=<un>12345</un>,
  * 			<ua>isCurrent</ua>=<uk>true</uk>
  * 		)
  * 	)
  * </p>
  *
  * <h5 class='section'>Example:</h5>
  * <p class='bcode w800'>
  * 	<jc>// Serialize a Map</jc>
  * 	Map m = <jk>new</jk> ObjectMap(<js>"{a:'b',c:1,d:false,e:['f',1,false],g:{h:'i'}}"</js>);
  *
  * 	<jc>// Serialize to value equivalent to JSON.</jc>
  * 	<jc>// Produces "a=b&amp;c=1&amp;d=false&amp;e=@(f,1,false)&amp;g=(h=i)"</jc>
  * 	String s = UrlEncodingSerializer.<jsf>DEFAULT</jsf>.serialize(s);
  *
  * 	<jc>// Serialize a bean</jc>
  * 	<jk>public class</jk> Person {
  * 		<jk>public</jk> Person(String s);
  * 		<jk>public</jk> String getName();
  * 		<jk>public int</jk> getAge();
  * 		<jk>public</jk> Address getAddress();
  * 		<jk>public boolean</jk> deceased;
  * 	}
  *
  * 	<jk>public class</jk> Address {
  * 		<jk>public</jk> String getStreet();
  * 		<jk>public</jk> String getCity();
  * 		<jk>public</jk> String getState();
  * 		<jk>public int</jk> getZip();
  * 	}
  *
  * 	Person p = <jk>new</jk> Person(<js>"John Doe"</js>, 23, <js>"123 Main St"</js>, <js>"Anywhere"</js>, <js>"NY"</js>, 12345, <jk>false</jk>);
  *
  * 	<jc>// Produces "name=John+Doe&amp;age=23&amp;address=(street='123+Main+St',city=Anywhere,state=NY,zip=12345)&amp;deceased=false"</jc>
  * 	String s = UrlEncodingSerializer.<jsf>DEFAULT</jsf>.serialize(s);
  * </p>
  */
 @ConfigurableContext
 public class UrlEncodingSerializer extends UonSerializer implements UrlEncodingMetaProvider, UrlEncodingCommon {

 	//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 	// Configurable properties
 	//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 	static final String PREFIX = "UrlEncodingSerializer";

 	/**
 	 * Configuration property:  Serialize bean property collections/arrays as separate key/value pairs.
 	 *
 	 * <h5 class='section'>Property:</h5>
 	 * <ul>
 	 * 	<li><b>Name:</b>  <js>"UrlEncodingSerializer.expandedParams.b"</js>
 	 * 	<li><b>Data type:</b>  <c>Boolean</c>
 	 * 	<li><b>Default:</b>  <jk>false</jk>
 	 * 	<li><b>Session property:</b>  <jk>false</jk>
 	 * 	<li><b>Methods:</b>
 	 * 		<ul>
 	 * 			<li class='jm'>{@link UrlEncodingSerializerBuilder#expandedParams(boolean)}
 	 * 			<li class='jm'>{@link UrlEncodingSerializerBuilder#expandedParams()}
 	 * 		</ul>
 	 * </ul>
 	 *
 	 * <h5 class='section'>Description:</h5>
 	 * <p>
 	 * If <jk>false</jk>, serializing the array <c>[1,2,3]</c> results in <c>?key=$a(1,2,3)</c>.
 	 * <br>If <jk>true</jk>, serializing the same array results in <c>?key=1&amp;key=2&amp;key=3</c>.
 	 *
 	 * <p>
 	 * This option only applies to beans.
 	 *
 	 * <ul class='notes'>
 	 * 	<li>
 	 * 		If parsing multi-part parameters, it's highly recommended to use <c>Collections</c> or <c>Lists</c>
 	 * 		as bean property types instead of arrays since arrays have to be recreated from scratch every time a value
 	 * 		is added to it.
 	 * </ul>
 	 *
 	 * <h5 class='section'>Example:</h5>
 	 * <p class='bcode w800'>
 	 * 	<jc>// A sample bean.</jc>
 	 * 	<jk>public class</jk> A {
 	 * 		<jk>public</jk> String[] f1 = {<js>"a"</js>,<js>"b"</js>};
 	 * 		<jk>public</jk> List&lt;String&gt; f2 = Arrays.<jsm>asList</jsm>(<jk>new</jk> String[]{<js>"c"</js>,<js>"d"</js>});
 	 * 	}
 	 *
 	 * 	<jc>// Normal serializer.</jc>
 	 * 	WriterSerializer s1 = UrlEncodingSerializer.<jsf>DEFAULT</jsf>;
 	 *
 	 * 	<jc>// Expanded-params serializer.</jc>
 	 * 	WriterSerializer s2 = UrlEncodingSerializer.<jsm>create</jsm>().expandedParams().build();
 	 *
 	 * <jc>// Produces "f1=(a,b)&amp;f2=(c,d)"</jc>
 	 * 	String ss1 = s1.serialize(<jk>new</jk> A());
 	 *
 	 * 	<jc>// Produces "f1=a&amp;f1=b&amp;f2=c&amp;f2=d"</jc>
 	 * 	String ss2 = s2.serialize(<jk>new</jk> A()); <jc>
 	 * </p>
 	 *
 	 */
 	public static final String URLENC_expandedParams = PREFIX + ".expandedParams.b";


 	//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 	// Predefined instances
 	//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 	/** Reusable instance of {@link UrlEncodingSerializer}, all default settings. */
 	public static final UrlEncodingSerializer DEFAULT = new UrlEncodingSerializer(PropertyStore.DEFAULT);

 	/** Reusable instance of {@link UrlEncodingSerializer.PlainText}. */
 	public static final UrlEncodingSerializer DEFAULT_PLAINTEXT = new PlainText(PropertyStore.DEFAULT);

 	/** Reusable instance of {@link UrlEncodingSerializer.Expanded}. */
 	public static final UrlEncodingSerializer DEFAULT_EXPANDED = new Expanded(PropertyStore.DEFAULT);

 	/** Reusable instance of {@link UrlEncodingSerializer.Readable}. */
 	public static final UrlEncodingSerializer DEFAULT_READABLE = new Readable(PropertyStore.DEFAULT);


 	//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 	// Predefined subclasses
 	//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 	/**
 	 * Equivalent to <code>UrlEncodingSerializer.<jsm>create</jsm>().expandedParams().build();</code>.
 	 */
 	public static class Expanded extends UrlEncodingSerializer {

 		/**
 		 * Constructor.
 		 *
 		 * @param ps The property store containing all the settings for this object.
 		 */
 		public Expanded(PropertyStore ps) {
 			super(ps.builder().set(URLENC_expandedParams, true).build());
 		}
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Equivalent to <code>UrlEncodingSerializer.<jsm>create</jsm>().useWhitespace().build();</code>.
 	 */
 	public static class Readable extends UrlEncodingSerializer {

 		/**
 		 * Constructor.
 		 *
 		 * @param ps The property store containing all the settings for this object.
 		 */
 		public Readable(PropertyStore ps) {
 			super(ps.builder().set(WSERIALIZER_useWhitespace, true).build());
 		}
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Equivalent to <code>UrlEncodingSerializer.<jsm>create</jsm>().plainTextParts().build();</code>.
 	 */
 	public static class PlainText extends UrlEncodingSerializer {

 		/**
 		 * Constructor.
 		 *
 		 * @param ps The property store containing all the settings for this object.
 		 */
 		public PlainText(PropertyStore ps) {
 			super(ps.builder().set(UON_paramFormat, "PLAINTEXT").build());
 		}
 	}


 	//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 	// Instance
 	//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 	private final boolean
 		expandedParams;
 	private final Map<ClassMeta<?>,UrlEncodingClassMeta> urlEncodingClassMetas = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
 	private final Map<BeanPropertyMeta,UrlEncodingBeanPropertyMeta> urlEncodingBeanPropertyMetas = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

 	/**
 	 * Constructor.
 	 *
 	 * @param ps
 	 * 	The property store containing all the settings for this object.
 	 */
 	public UrlEncodingSerializer(PropertyStore ps) {
 		this(ps, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", (String)null);
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Constructor.
 	 *
 	 * @param ps
 	 * 	The property store containing all the settings for this object.
 	 * @param produces
 	 * 	The media type that this serializer produces.
 	 * @param accept
 	 * 	The accept media types that the serializer can handle.
 	 * 	<p>
 	 * 	Can contain meta-characters per the <c>media-type</c> specification of {@doc RFC2616.section14.1}
 	 * 	<p>
 	 * 	If empty, then assumes the only media type supported is <c>produces</c>.
 	 * 	<p>
 	 * 	For example, if this serializer produces <js>"application/json"</js> but should handle media types of
 	 * 	<js>"application/json"</js> and <js>"text/json"</js>, then the arguments should be:
 	 * 	<p class='bcode w800'>
 	 * 	<jk>super</jk>(ps, <js>"application/json"</js>, <js>"application/json,text/json"</js>);
 	 * 	</p>
 	 * 	<br>...or...
 	 * 	<p class='bcode w800'>
 	 * 	<jk>super</jk>(ps, <js>"application/json"</js>, <js>"*&#8203;/json"</js>);
 	 * 	</p>
 	 * <p>
 	 * The accept value can also contain q-values.
 	 */
 	public UrlEncodingSerializer(PropertyStore ps, String produces, String accept) {
 		super(
 			ps.builder()
 				.set(UON_encoding, true)
 				.build(),
 			produces,
 			accept
 		);
 		expandedParams = getBooleanProperty(URLENC_expandedParams, false);
 	}

 	@Override /* Context */
 	public UrlEncodingSerializerBuilder builder() {
 		return new UrlEncodingSerializerBuilder(getPropertyStore());
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Instantiates a new clean-slate {@link UrlEncodingSerializerBuilder} object.
 	 *
 	 * <p>
 	 * This is equivalent to simply calling <code><jk>new</jk> UrlEncodingSerializerBuilder()</code>.
 	 *
 	 * <p>
 	 * Note that this method creates a builder initialized to all default settings, whereas {@link #builder()} copies
 	 * the settings of the object called on.
 	 *
 	 * @return A new {@link UrlEncodingSerializerBuilder} object.
 	 */
 	public static UrlEncodingSerializerBuilder create() {
 		return new UrlEncodingSerializerBuilder();
 	}


 	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 	// Entry point methods
 	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 	@Override /* Context */
 	public UrlEncodingSerializerSession createSession() {
 		return createSession(createDefaultSessionArgs());
 	}

 	@Override /* Serializer */
 	public UrlEncodingSerializerSession createSession(SerializerSessionArgs args) {
 		return new UrlEncodingSerializerSession(this, null, args);
 	}

 	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 	// Extended metadata
 	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 	@Override /* UrlEncodingMetaProvider */
 	public UrlEncodingClassMeta getUrlEncodingClassMeta(ClassMeta<?> cm) {
 		UrlEncodingClassMeta m = urlEncodingClassMetas.get(cm);
 		if (m == null) {
 			m = new UrlEncodingClassMeta(cm, this);
 			urlEncodingClassMetas.put(cm, m);
 		}
 		return m;
 	}

 	@Override /* UrlEncodingMetaProvider */
 	public UrlEncodingBeanPropertyMeta getUrlEncodingBeanPropertyMeta(BeanPropertyMeta bpm) {
 		if (bpm == null)
 			return UrlEncodingBeanPropertyMeta.DEFAULT;
 		UrlEncodingBeanPropertyMeta m = urlEncodingBeanPropertyMetas.get(bpm);
 		if (m == null) {
 			m = new UrlEncodingBeanPropertyMeta(bpm.getDelegateFor(), this);
 			urlEncodingBeanPropertyMetas.put(bpm, m);
 		}
 		return m;
 	}

 	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 	// Properties
 	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 	/**
 	 * Configuration property:  Serialize bean property collections/arrays as separate key/value pairs.
 	 *
 	 * @see #URLENC_expandedParams
 	 * @return
 	 * 	<jk>false</jk> if serializing the array <c>[1,2,3]</c> results in <c>?key=$a(1,2,3)</c>.
 	 * 	<br><jk>true</jk> if serializing the same array results in <c>?key=1&amp;key=2&amp;key=3</c>.
 	 */
 	protected final boolean isExpandedParams() {
 		return expandedParams;
 	}

 	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 	// Other methods
 	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 	@Override /* Context */
 	public ObjectMap toMap() {
 		return super.toMap()
 			.append("UrlEncodingSerializer", new DefaultFilteringObjectMap()
 				.append("expandedParams", expandedParams)
 			);
 	}
 }
	// ***************************************************************************************************************************
	// * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file *
	// * distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file *
	// * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance *
	// * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at *
	// * *
	// * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 *
	// * *
	// * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an *
	// * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the *
	// * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. *
	// ***************************************************************************************************************************
	package org.apache.juneau.urlencoding;

	import java.util.*;
	import java.util.concurrent.*;

	import org.apache.juneau.*;
	import org.apache.juneau.annotation.*;
	import org.apache.juneau.serializer.*;
	import org.apache.juneau.uon.*;

	/**
	* Serializes POJO models to URL-encoded notation with UON-encoded values (a notation for URL-encoded query paramter values).
	*
	* <h5 class='section'>Media types:</h5>
	*
	* Handles <c>Accept</c> types: <bc>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</bc>
	* <p>
	* Produces <c>Content-Type</c> types: <bc>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</bc>
	*
	* <h5 class='topic'>Description</h5>
	*
	* This serializer provides several serialization options.
	* <br>Typically, one of the predefined DEFAULT serializers will be sufficient.
	* <br>However, custom serializers can be constructed to fine-tune behavior.
	*
	* <p>
	* The following shows a sample object defined in Javascript:
	* <p class='bcode w800'>
	* {
	* id: 1,
	* name: <js>'John Smith'</js>,
	* uri: <js>'http://sample/addressBook/person/1'</js>,
	* addressBookUri: <js>'http://sample/addressBook'</js>,
	* birthDate: <js>'1946-08-12T00:00:00Z'</js>,
	* otherIds: <jk>null</jk>,
	* addresses: [
	* {
	* uri: <js>'http://sample/addressBook/address/1'</js>,
	* personUri: <js>'http://sample/addressBook/person/1'</js>,
	* id: 1,
	* street: <js>'100 Main Street'</js>,
	* city: <js>'Anywhereville'</js>,
	* state: <js>'NY'</js>,
	* zip: 12345,
	* isCurrent: <jk>true</jk>,
	* }
	* ]
	* }
	* </p>
	*
	* <p>
	* Using the "strict" syntax defined in this document, the equivalent URL-encoded notation would be as follows:
	* <p class='bcode w800'>
	* <ua>id</ua>=<un>1</un>
	* &<ua>name</ua>=<us>'John+Smith'</us>,
	* &<ua>uri</ua>=<us>http://sample/addressBook/person/1</us>,
	* &<ua>addressBookUri</ua>=<us>http://sample/addressBook</us>,
	* &<ua>birthDate</ua>=<us>1946-08-12T00:00:00Z</us>,
	* &<ua>otherIds</ua>=<uk>null</uk>,
	* &<ua>addresses</ua>=@(
	* (
	* <ua>uri</ua>=<us>http://sample/addressBook/address/1</us>,
	* <ua>personUri</ua>=<us>http://sample/addressBook/person/1</us>,
	* <ua>id</ua>=<un>1</un>,
	* <ua>street</ua>=<us>'100+Main+Street'</us>,
	* <ua>city</ua>=<us>Anywhereville</us>,
	* <ua>state</ua>=<us>NY</us>,
	* <ua>zip</ua>=<un>12345</un>,
	* <ua>isCurrent</ua>=<uk>true</uk>
	* )
	* )
	* </p>
	*
	* <h5 class='section'>Example:</h5>
	* <p class='bcode w800'>
	* <jc>// Serialize a Map</jc>
	* Map m = <jk>new</jk> ObjectMap(<js>"{a:'b',c:1,d:false,e:['f',1,false],g:{h:'i'}}"</js>);
	*
	* <jc>// Serialize to value equivalent to JSON.</jc>
	* <jc>// Produces "a=b&c=1&d=false&e=@(f,1,false)&g=(h=i)"</jc>
	* String s = UrlEncodingSerializer.<jsf>DEFAULT</jsf>.serialize(s);
	*
	* <jc>// Serialize a bean</jc>
	* <jk>public class</jk> Person {
	* <jk>public</jk> Person(String s);
	* <jk>public</jk> String getName();
	* <jk>public int</jk> getAge();
	* <jk>public</jk> Address getAddress();
	* <jk>public boolean</jk> deceased;
	* }
	*
	* <jk>public class</jk> Address {
	* <jk>public</jk> String getStreet();
	* <jk>public</jk> String getCity();
	* <jk>public</jk> String getState();
	* <jk>public int</jk> getZip();
	* }
	*
	* Person p = <jk>new</jk> Person(<js>"John Doe"</js>, 23, <js>"123 Main St"</js>, <js>"Anywhere"</js>, <js>"NY"</js>, 12345, <jk>false</jk>);
	*
	* <jc>// Produces "name=John+Doe&age=23&address=(street='123+Main+St',city=Anywhere,state=NY,zip=12345)&deceased=false"</jc>
	* String s = UrlEncodingSerializer.<jsf>DEFAULT</jsf>.serialize(s);
	* </p>
	*/
	@ConfigurableContext
	public class UrlEncodingSerializer extends UonSerializer implements UrlEncodingMetaProvider, UrlEncodingCommon {

	//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	// Configurable properties
	//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	static final String PREFIX = "UrlEncodingSerializer";

	/**
	* Configuration property: Serialize bean property collections/arrays as separate key/value pairs.
	*
	* <h5 class='section'>Property:</h5>
	* <ul>
	* <li><b>Name:</b> <js>"UrlEncodingSerializer.expandedParams.b"</js>
	* <li><b>Data type:</b> <c>Boolean</c>
	* <li><b>Default:</b> <jk>false</jk>
	* <li><b>Session property:</b> <jk>false</jk>
	* <li><b>Methods:</b>
	* <ul>
	* <li class='jm'>{@link UrlEncodingSerializerBuilder#expandedParams(boolean)}
	* <li class='jm'>{@link UrlEncodingSerializerBuilder#expandedParams()}
	* </ul>
	* </ul>
	*
	* <h5 class='section'>Description:</h5>
	* <p>
	* If <jk>false</jk>, serializing the array <c>[1,2,3]</c> results in <c>?key=$a(1,2,3)</c>.
	* <br>If <jk>true</jk>, serializing the same array results in <c>?key=1&key=2&key=3</c>.
	*
	* <p>
	* This option only applies to beans.
	*
	* <ul class='notes'>
	* <li>
	* If parsing multi-part parameters, it's highly recommended to use <c>Collections</c> or <c>Lists</c>
	* as bean property types instead of arrays since arrays have to be recreated from scratch every time a value
	* is added to it.
	* </ul>
	*
	* <h5 class='section'>Example:</h5>
	* <p class='bcode w800'>
	* <jc>// A sample bean.</jc>
	* <jk>public class</jk> A {
	* <jk>public</jk> String[] f1 = {<js>"a"</js>,<js>"b"</js>};
	* <jk>public</jk> List<String> f2 = Arrays.<jsm>asList</jsm>(<jk>new</jk> String[]{<js>"c"</js>,<js>"d"</js>});
	* }
	*
	* <jc>// Normal serializer.</jc>
	* WriterSerializer s1 = UrlEncodingSerializer.<jsf>DEFAULT</jsf>;
	*
	* <jc>// Expanded-params serializer.</jc>
	* WriterSerializer s2 = UrlEncodingSerializer.<jsm>create</jsm>().expandedParams().build();
	*
	* <jc>// Produces "f1=(a,b)&f2=(c,d)"</jc>
	* String ss1 = s1.serialize(<jk>new</jk> A());
	*
	* <jc>// Produces "f1=a&f1=b&f2=c&f2=d"</jc>
	* String ss2 = s2.serialize(<jk>new</jk> A()); <jc>
	* </p>
	*
	*/
	public static final String URLENC_expandedParams = PREFIX + ".expandedParams.b";


	//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	// Predefined instances
	//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	/** Reusable instance of {@link UrlEncodingSerializer}, all default settings. */
	public static final UrlEncodingSerializer DEFAULT = new UrlEncodingSerializer(PropertyStore.DEFAULT);

	/** Reusable instance of {@link UrlEncodingSerializer.PlainText}. */
	public static final UrlEncodingSerializer DEFAULT_PLAINTEXT = new PlainText(PropertyStore.DEFAULT);

	/** Reusable instance of {@link UrlEncodingSerializer.Expanded}. */
	public static final UrlEncodingSerializer DEFAULT_EXPANDED = new Expanded(PropertyStore.DEFAULT);

	/** Reusable instance of {@link UrlEncodingSerializer.Readable}. */
	public static final UrlEncodingSerializer DEFAULT_READABLE = new Readable(PropertyStore.DEFAULT);


	//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	// Predefined subclasses
	//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	* Equivalent to <code>UrlEncodingSerializer.<jsm>create</jsm>().expandedParams().build();</code>.
	*/
	public static class Expanded extends UrlEncodingSerializer {

	/**
	* Constructor.
	*
	* @param ps The property store containing all the settings for this object.
	*/
	public Expanded(PropertyStore ps) {
	super(ps.builder().set(URLENC_expandedParams, true).build());
	}
	}

	/**
	* Equivalent to <code>UrlEncodingSerializer.<jsm>create</jsm>().useWhitespace().build();</code>.
	*/
	public static class Readable extends UrlEncodingSerializer {

	/**
	* Constructor.
	*
	* @param ps The property store containing all the settings for this object.
	*/
	public Readable(PropertyStore ps) {
	super(ps.builder().set(WSERIALIZER_useWhitespace, true).build());
	}
	}

	/**
	* Equivalent to <code>UrlEncodingSerializer.<jsm>create</jsm>().plainTextParts().build();</code>.
	*/
	public static class PlainText extends UrlEncodingSerializer {

	/**
	* Constructor.
	*
	* @param ps The property store containing all the settings for this object.
	*/
	public PlainText(PropertyStore ps) {
	super(ps.builder().set(UON_paramFormat, "PLAINTEXT").build());
	}
	}


	//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	// Instance
	//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	private final boolean
	expandedParams;
	private final Map<ClassMeta<?>,UrlEncodingClassMeta> urlEncodingClassMetas = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
	private final Map<BeanPropertyMeta,UrlEncodingBeanPropertyMeta> urlEncodingBeanPropertyMetas = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

	/**
	* Constructor.
	*
	* @param ps
	* The property store containing all the settings for this object.
	*/
	public UrlEncodingSerializer(PropertyStore ps) {
	this(ps, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", (String)null);
	}

	/**
	* Constructor.
	*
	* @param ps
	* The property store containing all the settings for this object.
	* @param produces
	* The media type that this serializer produces.
	* @param accept
	* The accept media types that the serializer can handle.
	* <p>
	* Can contain meta-characters per the <c>media-type</c> specification of {@doc RFC2616.section14.1}
	* <p>
	* If empty, then assumes the only media type supported is <c>produces</c>.
	* <p>
	* For example, if this serializer produces <js>"application/json"</js> but should handle media types of
	* <js>"application/json"</js> and <js>"text/json"</js>, then the arguments should be:
	* <p class='bcode w800'>
	* <jk>super</jk>(ps, <js>"application/json"</js>, <js>"application/json,text/json"</js>);
	* </p>
	* <br>...or...
	* <p class='bcode w800'>
	* <jk>super</jk>(ps, <js>"application/json"</js>, <js>"*/json"</js>);
	* </p>
	* <p>
	* The accept value can also contain q-values.
	*/
	public UrlEncodingSerializer(PropertyStore ps, String produces, String accept) {
	super(
	ps.builder()
	.set(UON_encoding, true)
	.build(),
	produces,
	accept
	);
	expandedParams = getBooleanProperty(URLENC_expandedParams, false);
	}

	@Override /* Context */
	public UrlEncodingSerializerBuilder builder() {
	return new UrlEncodingSerializerBuilder(getPropertyStore());
	}

	/**
	* Instantiates a new clean-slate {@link UrlEncodingSerializerBuilder} object.
	*
	* <p>
	* This is equivalent to simply calling <code><jk>new</jk> UrlEncodingSerializerBuilder()</code>.
	*
	* <p>
	* Note that this method creates a builder initialized to all default settings, whereas {@link #builder()} copies
	* the settings of the object called on.
	*
	* @return A new {@link UrlEncodingSerializerBuilder} object.
	*/
	public static UrlEncodingSerializerBuilder create() {
	return new UrlEncodingSerializerBuilder();
	}


	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	// Entry point methods
	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	@Override /* Context */
	public UrlEncodingSerializerSession createSession() {
	return createSession(createDefaultSessionArgs());
	}

	@Override /* Serializer */
	public UrlEncodingSerializerSession createSession(SerializerSessionArgs args) {
	return new UrlEncodingSerializerSession(this, null, args);
	}

	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	// Extended metadata
	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	@Override /* UrlEncodingMetaProvider */
	public UrlEncodingClassMeta getUrlEncodingClassMeta(ClassMeta<?> cm) {
	UrlEncodingClassMeta m = urlEncodingClassMetas.get(cm);
	if (m == null) {
	m = new UrlEncodingClassMeta(cm, this);
	urlEncodingClassMetas.put(cm, m);
	}
	return m;
	}

	@Override /* UrlEncodingMetaProvider */
	public UrlEncodingBeanPropertyMeta getUrlEncodingBeanPropertyMeta(BeanPropertyMeta bpm) {
	if (bpm == null)
	return UrlEncodingBeanPropertyMeta.DEFAULT;
	UrlEncodingBeanPropertyMeta m = urlEncodingBeanPropertyMetas.get(bpm);
	if (m == null) {
	m = new UrlEncodingBeanPropertyMeta(bpm.getDelegateFor(), this);
	urlEncodingBeanPropertyMetas.put(bpm, m);
	}
	return m;
	}

	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	// Properties
	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	* Configuration property: Serialize bean property collections/arrays as separate key/value pairs.
	*
	* @see #URLENC_expandedParams
	* @return
	* <jk>false</jk> if serializing the array <c>[1,2,3]</c> results in <c>?key=$a(1,2,3)</c>.
	* <br><jk>true</jk> if serializing the same array results in <c>?key=1&key=2&key=3</c>.
	*/
	protected final boolean isExpandedParams() {
	return expandedParams;
	}

	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	// Other methods
	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	@Override /* Context */
	public ObjectMap toMap() {
	return super.toMap()
	.append("UrlEncodingSerializer", new DefaultFilteringObjectMap()
	.append("expandedParams", expandedParams)
	);
	}
	}