juneau-core/juneau-core-utest/src/test/java/org/apache/juneau/urlencoding/UrlEncodingSerializerTest.java - juneau - Git at Google

 // ***************************************************************************************************************************
 // * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file *
 // * distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file        *
 // * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance            *
 // * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at                                                              *
 // *                                                                                                                         *
 // *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0                                                                             *
 // *                                                                                                                         *
 // * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an  *
 // * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the        *
 // * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.                                              *
 // ***************************************************************************************************************************
 package org.apache.juneau.urlencoding;

 import static org.junit.Assert.*;

 import java.util.*;

 import org.apache.juneau.*;
 import org.apache.juneau.annotation.*;
 import org.apache.juneau.serializer.*;
 import org.apache.juneau.utils.*;
 import org.junit.*;

 public class UrlEncodingSerializerTest {

 	static UrlEncodingSerializer s = UrlEncodingSerializer.DEFAULT.builder().addRootType().build();
 	static UrlEncodingSerializer sr = UrlEncodingSerializer.DEFAULT_READABLE.builder().addRootType().build();


 	//====================================================================================================
 	// Basic test
 	//====================================================================================================
 	@Test
 	public void testBasic() throws Exception {

 		Object t;

 		// Simple string
 		// Top level
 		t = "a";
 		assertEquals("_value=a", s.serialize(t));

 		// 2nd level
 		t = new ObjectMap("{a:'a'}");
 		assertEquals("a=a", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("a=a", sr.serialize(t));

 		// Simple map
 		// Top level
 		t = new ObjectMap("{a:'b',c:123,d:false,e:true,f:null}");
 		assertEquals("a=b&c=123&d=false&e=true&f=null", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("a=b\n&c=123\n&d=false\n&e=true\n&f=null", sr.serialize(t));

 		// 2nd level
 		t = new ObjectMap("{a:{a:'b',c:123,d:false,e:true,f:null}}");
 		assertEquals("a=(a=b,c=123,d=false,e=true,f=null)", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("a=(\n\ta=b,\n\tc=123,\n\td=false,\n\te=true,\n\tf=null\n)", sr.serialize(t));

 		// Simple map with primitives as literals
 		t = new ObjectMap("{a:'b',c:'123',d:'false',e:'true',f:'null'}");
 		assertEquals("a=b&c='123'&d='false'&e='true'&f='null'", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("a=b\n&c='123'\n&d='false'\n&e='true'\n&f='null'", sr.serialize(t));

 		// null
 		// Note that serializeParams is always encoded.
 		// Top level
 		t = null;
 		assertEquals("_value=null", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("_value=null", sr.serialize(t));

 		// 2nd level
 		t = new ObjectMap("{null:null}");
 		assertEquals("null=null", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("null=null", sr.serialize(t));

 		// 3rd level
 		t = new ObjectMap("{null:{null:null}}");
 		assertEquals("null=(null=null)", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("null=(\n\tnull=null\n)", sr.serialize(t));

 		// Empty array
 		// Top level
 		t = new String[0];
 		assertEquals("", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("", sr.serialize(t));

 		// 2nd level in map
 		t = new ObjectMap("{x:[]}");
 		assertEquals("x=@()", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("x=@()", sr.serialize(t));

 		// Empty 2 dimensional array
 		t = new String[1][0];
 		assertEquals("0=@()", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("0=@()", sr.serialize(t));

 		// Array containing empty string
 		// Top level
 		t = new String[]{""};
 		assertEquals("0=''", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("0=''", sr.serialize(t));

 		// 2nd level
 		t = new ObjectMap("{x:['']}");
 		assertEquals("x=@('')", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("x=@(\n\t''\n)", sr.serialize(t));

 		// Array containing 3 empty strings
 		t = new String[]{"","",""};
 		assertEquals("0=''&1=''&2=''", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("0=''\n&1=''\n&2=''", sr.serialize(t));

 		// String containing \u0000
 		// Top level
 		t = "\u0000";
 		assertEquals("_value=%00", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("_value=%00", sr.serialize(t));

 		// 2nd level
 		t = new ObjectMap("{'\u0000':'\u0000'}");
 		assertEquals("%00=%00", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("%00=%00", sr.serialize(t));

 		// Boolean
 		// Top level
 		t = false;
 		assertEquals("_value=false", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("_value=false", sr.serialize(t));

 		// 2nd level
 		t = new ObjectMap("{x:false}");
 		assertEquals("x=false", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("x=false", sr.serialize(t));

 		// Number
 		// Top level
 		t = 123;
 		assertEquals("_value=123", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("_value=123", sr.serialize(t));

 		// 2nd level
 		t = new ObjectMap("{x:123}");
 		assertEquals("x=123", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("x=123", sr.serialize(t));

 		// Unencoded chars
 		// Top level
 		t = "x;/?:@-_.!*'";
 		assertEquals("_value=x;/?:@-_.!*~'", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("_value=x;/?:@-_.!*~'", sr.serialize(t));

 		// 2nd level
 		t = new ObjectMap("{x:'x;/?:@-_.!*\\''}");
 		assertEquals("x=x;/?:@-_.!*~'", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("x=x;/?:@-_.!*~'", sr.serialize(t));

 		// Encoded chars
 		// Top level
 		t = "x{}|\\^[]`<>#%\"&+";
 		assertEquals("_value=x%7B%7D%7C%5C%5E%5B%5D%60%3C%3E%23%25%22%26%2B", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("_value=x%7B%7D%7C%5C%5E%5B%5D%60%3C%3E%23%25%22%26%2B", sr.serialize(t));

 		// 2nd level
 		t = new ObjectMap("{'x{}|\\\\^[]`<>#%\"&+':'x{}|\\\\^[]`<>#%\"&+'}");
 		assertEquals("x%7B%7D%7C%5C%5E%5B%5D%60%3C%3E%23%25%22%26%2B=x%7B%7D%7C%5C%5E%5B%5D%60%3C%3E%23%25%22%26%2B", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("x%7B%7D%7C%5C%5E%5B%5D%60%3C%3E%23%25%22%26%2B=x%7B%7D%7C%5C%5E%5B%5D%60%3C%3E%23%25%22%26%2B", sr.serialize(t));

 		// Escaped chars
 		// Top level
 		t = "x$,()~";
 		assertEquals("_value='x$,()~~'", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("_value='x$,()~~'", sr.serialize(t));

 		// 2nd level
 		t = new ObjectMap("{'x$,()~':'x$,()~'}");
 		assertEquals("'x$,()~~'='x$,()~~'", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("'x$,()~~'='x$,()~~'", sr.serialize(t));

 		// 3rd level
 		t = new ObjectMap("{'x$,()~':{'x$,()~':'x$,()~'}}");
 		assertEquals("'x$,()~~'=('x$,()~~'='x$,()~~')", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("'x$,()~~'=(\n\t'x$,()~~'='x$,()~~'\n)", sr.serialize(t));

 		// Equals sign
 		// Gets encoded at top level, and encoded+escaped at 2nd level.
 		// Top level
 		t = "x=";
 		assertEquals("_value='x='", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("_value='x='", sr.serialize(t));

 		// 2nd level
 		t = new ObjectMap("{'x=':'x='}");
 		assertEquals("'x%3D'='x='", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("'x%3D'='x='", sr.serialize(t));

 		// 3rd level
 		t = new ObjectMap("{'x=':{'x=':'x='}}");
 		assertEquals("'x%3D'=('x='='x=')", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("'x%3D'=(\n\t'x='='x='\n)", sr.serialize(t));

 		// String starting with parenthesis
 		// Top level
 		t = "()";
 		assertEquals("_value='()'", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("_value='()'", sr.serialize(t));

 		// 2nd level
 		t = new ObjectMap("{'()':'()'}");
 		assertEquals("'()'='()'", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("'()'='()'", sr.serialize(t));

 		// String starting with $
 		// Top level
 		t = "$a";
 		assertEquals("_value=$a", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("_value=$a", sr.serialize(t));

 		// 2nd level
 		t = new ObjectMap("{$a:'$a'}");
 		assertEquals("$a=$a", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("$a=$a", sr.serialize(t));

 		// Blank string
 		// Top level
 		t = "";
 		assertEquals("_value=''", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("_value=''", sr.serialize(t));

 		// 2nd level
 		t = new ObjectMap("{'':''}");
 		assertEquals("''=''", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("''=''", sr.serialize(t));

 		// 3rd level
 		t = new ObjectMap("{'':{'':''}}");
 		assertEquals("''=(''='')", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("''=(\n\t''=''\n)", sr.serialize(t));

 		// Newline character
 		// Top level
 		t = "\n";
 		assertEquals("_value='%0A'", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("_value='%0A'", sr.serialize(t));

 		// 2nd level
 		t = new ObjectMap("{'\n':'\n'}");
 		assertEquals("'%0A'='%0A'", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("'%0A'='%0A'", sr.serialize(t));

 		// 3rd level
 		t = new ObjectMap("{'\n':{'\n':'\n'}}");
 		assertEquals("'%0A'=('%0A'='%0A')", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("'%0A'=(\n\t'%0A'='%0A'\n)", sr.serialize(t));
 	}

 	//====================================================================================================
 	// Unicode characters test
 	//====================================================================================================
 	@Test
 	public void testUnicodeChars() throws Exception {
 		Object t;

 		// 2-byte UTF-8 character
 		// Top level
 		t = "¢";
 		assertEquals("_value=%C2%A2", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("_value=%C2%A2", sr.serialize(t));

 		// 2nd level
 		t = new ObjectMap("{'¢':'¢'}");
 		assertEquals("%C2%A2=%C2%A2", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("%C2%A2=%C2%A2", sr.serialize(t));

 		// 3rd level
 		t = new ObjectMap("{'¢':{'¢':'¢'}}");
 		assertEquals("%C2%A2=(%C2%A2=%C2%A2)", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("%C2%A2=(\n\t%C2%A2=%C2%A2\n)", sr.serialize(t));

 		// 3-byte UTF-8 character
 		// Top level
 		t = "€";
 		assertEquals("_value=%E2%82%AC", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("_value=%E2%82%AC", sr.serialize(t));

 		// 2nd level
 		t = new ObjectMap("{'€':'€'}");
 		assertEquals("%E2%82%AC=%E2%82%AC", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("%E2%82%AC=%E2%82%AC", sr.serialize(t));

 		// 3rd level
 		t = new ObjectMap("{'€':{'€':'€'}}");
 		assertEquals("%E2%82%AC=(%E2%82%AC=%E2%82%AC)", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("%E2%82%AC=(\n\t%E2%82%AC=%E2%82%AC\n)", sr.serialize(t));

 		// 4-byte UTF-8 character
 		// Top level
 		t = "𤭢";
 		assertEquals("_value=%F0%A4%AD%A2", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("_value=%F0%A4%AD%A2", sr.serialize(t));

 		// 2nd level
 		t = new ObjectMap("{'𤭢':'𤭢'}");
 		assertEquals("%F0%A4%AD%A2=%F0%A4%AD%A2", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("%F0%A4%AD%A2=%F0%A4%AD%A2", sr.serialize(t));

 		// 3rd level
 		t = new ObjectMap("{'𤭢':{'𤭢':'𤭢'}}");
 		assertEquals("%F0%A4%AD%A2=(%F0%A4%AD%A2=%F0%A4%AD%A2)", s.serialize(t));
 		assertEquals("%F0%A4%AD%A2=(\n\t%F0%A4%AD%A2=%F0%A4%AD%A2\n)", sr.serialize(t));
 	}

 	//====================================================================================================
 	// Multi-part parameters on beans via URLENC_expandedParams
 	//====================================================================================================
 	@Test
 	public void testMultiPartParametersOnBeansViaProperty() throws Exception {
 		UrlEncodingSerializer s;
 		DTOs.B t = DTOs.B.create();
 		String r;

 		s = UrlEncodingSerializer.DEFAULT;
 		r = s.serialize(t);
 		String e = ""
 			+ "f01=@(a,b)"
 			+ "&f02=@(c,d)"
 			+ "&f03=@(1,2)"
 			+ "&f04=@(3,4)"
 			+ "&f05=@(@(e,f),@(g,h))"
 			+ "&f06=@(@(i,j),@(k,l))"
 			+ "&f07=@((a=a,b=1,c=true),(a=a,b=1,c=true))"
 			+ "&f08=@((a=a,b=1,c=true),(a=a,b=1,c=true))"
 			+ "&f09=@(@((a=a,b=1,c=true)),@((a=a,b=1,c=true)))"
 			+ "&f10=@(@((a=a,b=1,c=true)),@((a=a,b=1,c=true)))"
 			+ "&f11=@(a,b)"
 			+ "&f12=@(c,d)"
 			+ "&f13=@(1,2)"
 			+ "&f14=@(3,4)"
 			+ "&f15=@(@(e,f),@(g,h))"
 			+ "&f16=@(@(i,j),@(k,l))"
 			+ "&f17=@((a=a,b=1,c=true),(a=a,b=1,c=true))"
 			+ "&f18=@((a=a,b=1,c=true),(a=a,b=1,c=true))"
 			+ "&f19=@(@((a=a,b=1,c=true)),@((a=a,b=1,c=true)))"
 			+ "&f20=@(@((a=a,b=1,c=true)),@((a=a,b=1,c=true)))";
 		assertEquals(e, r);

 		s = UrlEncodingSerializer.create().expandedParams().build();
 		r = s.serialize(t);
 		e = ""
 			+ "f01=a&f01=b"
 			+ "&f02=c&f02=d"
 			+ "&f03=1&f03=2"
 			+ "&f04=3&f04=4"
 			+ "&f05=@(e,f)&f05=@(g,h)"
 			+ "&f06=@(i,j)&f06=@(k,l)"
 			+ "&f07=(a=a,b=1,c=true)&f07=(a=a,b=1,c=true)"
 			+ "&f08=(a=a,b=1,c=true)&f08=(a=a,b=1,c=true)"
 			+ "&f09=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))&f09=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))"
 			+ "&f10=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))&f10=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))"
 			+ "&f11=a&f11=b"
 			+ "&f12=c&f12=d"
 			+ "&f13=1&f13=2"
 			+ "&f14=3&f14=4"
 			+ "&f15=@(e,f)&f15=@(g,h)"
 			+ "&f16=@(i,j)&f16=@(k,l)"
 			+ "&f17=(a=a,b=1,c=true)&f17=(a=a,b=1,c=true)"
 			+ "&f18=(a=a,b=1,c=true)&f18=(a=a,b=1,c=true)"
 			+ "&f19=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))&f19=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))"
 			+ "&f20=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))&f20=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))";
 		assertEquals(e, r);
 	}


 	//====================================================================================================
 	// Multi-part parameters on beans via @UrlEncoding.expandedParams on class
 	//====================================================================================================
 	@Test
 	public void testMultiPartParametersOnBeansViaAnnotationOnClass() throws Exception {
 		UrlEncodingSerializer s;
 		DTOs.C t = DTOs.C.create();
 		String r;

 		s = UrlEncodingSerializer.DEFAULT;
 		r = s.serialize(t);
 		String e = ""
 			+ "f01=a&f01=b"
 			+ "&f02=c&f02=d"
 			+ "&f03=1&f03=2"
 			+ "&f04=3&f04=4"
 			+ "&f05=@(e,f)&f05=@(g,h)"
 			+ "&f06=@(i,j)&f06=@(k,l)"
 			+ "&f07=(a=a,b=1,c=true)&f07=(a=a,b=1,c=true)"
 			+ "&f08=(a=a,b=1,c=true)&f08=(a=a,b=1,c=true)"
 			+ "&f09=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))&f09=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))"
 			+ "&f10=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))&f10=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))"
 			+ "&f11=a&f11=b"
 			+ "&f12=c&f12=d"
 			+ "&f13=1&f13=2"
 			+ "&f14=3&f14=4"
 			+ "&f15=@(e,f)&f15=@(g,h)"
 			+ "&f16=@(i,j)&f16=@(k,l)"
 			+ "&f17=(a=a,b=1,c=true)&f17=(a=a,b=1,c=true)"
 			+ "&f18=(a=a,b=1,c=true)&f18=(a=a,b=1,c=true)"
 			+ "&f19=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))&f19=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))"
 			+ "&f20=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))&f20=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))";
 		assertEquals(e, r);

 		s = UrlEncodingSerializer.create().expandedParams().build();
 		r = s.serialize(t);
 		e = ""
 			+ "f01=a&f01=b"
 			+ "&f02=c&f02=d"
 			+ "&f03=1&f03=2"
 			+ "&f04=3&f04=4"
 			+ "&f05=@(e,f)&f05=@(g,h)"
 			+ "&f06=@(i,j)&f06=@(k,l)"
 			+ "&f07=(a=a,b=1,c=true)&f07=(a=a,b=1,c=true)"
 			+ "&f08=(a=a,b=1,c=true)&f08=(a=a,b=1,c=true)"
 			+ "&f09=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))&f09=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))"
 			+ "&f10=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))&f10=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))"
 			+ "&f11=a&f11=b"
 			+ "&f12=c&f12=d"
 			+ "&f13=1&f13=2"
 			+ "&f14=3&f14=4"
 			+ "&f15=@(e,f)&f15=@(g,h)"
 			+ "&f16=@(i,j)&f16=@(k,l)"
 			+ "&f17=(a=a,b=1,c=true)&f17=(a=a,b=1,c=true)"
 			+ "&f18=(a=a,b=1,c=true)&f18=(a=a,b=1,c=true)"
 			+ "&f19=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))&f19=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))"
 			+ "&f20=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))&f20=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))";
 		assertEquals(e, r);
 	}

 	@Test
 	public void testMultiPartParametersOnMapOfStringArrays() throws Exception {
 		UrlEncodingSerializer s;
 		String r;

 		Map<String,String[]> t = new LinkedHashMap<>();
 		t.put("f1", new String[]{"bar"});
 		t.put("f2", new String[]{"bar","baz"});
 		t.put("f3", new String[]{});
 		s = UrlEncodingSerializer.DEFAULT_EXPANDED;
 		r = s.serialize(t);
 		String e = "f1=bar&f2=bar&f2=baz";
 		assertEquals(e, r);
 	}

 	//====================================================================================================
 	// Test URLENC_paramFormat == PLAINTEXT.
 	//====================================================================================================
 	@Test
 	public void testPlainTextParams() throws Exception {
 		WriterSerializer s = UrlEncodingSerializer.DEFAULT.builder().paramFormatPlain().build();

 		assertEquals("_value=foo", s.serialize("foo"));
 		assertEquals("_value='foo'", s.serialize("'foo'"));
 		assertEquals("_value=(foo)", s.serialize("(foo)"));
 		assertEquals("_value=@(foo)", s.serialize("@(foo)"));

 		Map<String,Object> m = new AMap<String,Object>()
 			.append("foo", "foo")
 			.append("'foo'", "'foo'")
 			.append("(foo)", "(foo)")
 			.append("@(foo)", "@(foo)");
 		assertEquals("foo=foo&'foo'='foo'&(foo)=(foo)&@(foo)=@(foo)", s.serialize(m));

 		List<String> l = new AList<String>().appendAll("foo", "'foo'", "(foo)", "@(foo)");
 		assertEquals("0=foo&1='foo'&2=(foo)&3=@(foo)", s.serialize(l));

 		A a = new A();
 		assertEquals("'foo'='foo'&(foo)=(foo)&@(foo)=@(foo)&foo=foo", s.serialize(a));
 	}

 	@Bean(sort=true)
 	public static class A {

 		@Beanp(name="foo")
 		public String f1 = "foo";

 		@Beanp(name="'foo'")
 		public String f2 = "'foo'";

 		@Beanp(name="(foo)")
 		public String f3 = "(foo)";

 		@Beanp(name="@(foo)")
 		public String f4 = "@(foo)";
 	}
 }
	// ***************************************************************************************************************************
	// * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file *
	// * distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file *
	// * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance *
	// * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at *
	// * *
	// * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 *
	// * *
	// * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an *
	// * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the *
	// * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. *
	// ***************************************************************************************************************************
	package org.apache.juneau.urlencoding;

	import static org.junit.Assert.*;

	import java.util.*;

	import org.apache.juneau.*;
	import org.apache.juneau.annotation.*;
	import org.apache.juneau.serializer.*;
	import org.apache.juneau.utils.*;
	import org.junit.*;

	public class UrlEncodingSerializerTest {

	static UrlEncodingSerializer s = UrlEncodingSerializer.DEFAULT.builder().addRootType().build();
	static UrlEncodingSerializer sr = UrlEncodingSerializer.DEFAULT_READABLE.builder().addRootType().build();


	//====================================================================================================
	// Basic test
	//====================================================================================================
	@Test
	public void testBasic() throws Exception {

	Object t;

	// Simple string
	// Top level
	t = "a";
	assertEquals("_value=a", s.serialize(t));

	// 2nd level
	t = new ObjectMap("{a:'a'}");
	assertEquals("a=a", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("a=a", sr.serialize(t));

	// Simple map
	// Top level
	t = new ObjectMap("{a:'b',c:123,d:false,e:true,f:null}");
	assertEquals("a=b&c=123&d=false&e=true&f=null", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("a=b\n&c=123\n&d=false\n&e=true\n&f=null", sr.serialize(t));

	// 2nd level
	t = new ObjectMap("{a:{a:'b',c:123,d:false,e:true,f:null}}");
	assertEquals("a=(a=b,c=123,d=false,e=true,f=null)", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("a=(\n\ta=b,\n\tc=123,\n\td=false,\n\te=true,\n\tf=null\n)", sr.serialize(t));

	// Simple map with primitives as literals
	t = new ObjectMap("{a:'b',c:'123',d:'false',e:'true',f:'null'}");
	assertEquals("a=b&c='123'&d='false'&e='true'&f='null'", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("a=b\n&c='123'\n&d='false'\n&e='true'\n&f='null'", sr.serialize(t));

	// null
	// Note that serializeParams is always encoded.
	// Top level
	t = null;
	assertEquals("_value=null", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("_value=null", sr.serialize(t));

	// 2nd level
	t = new ObjectMap("{null:null}");
	assertEquals("null=null", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("null=null", sr.serialize(t));

	// 3rd level
	t = new ObjectMap("{null:{null:null}}");
	assertEquals("null=(null=null)", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("null=(\n\tnull=null\n)", sr.serialize(t));

	// Empty array
	// Top level
	t = new String[0];
	assertEquals("", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("", sr.serialize(t));

	// 2nd level in map
	t = new ObjectMap("{x:[]}");
	assertEquals("x=@()", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("x=@()", sr.serialize(t));

	// Empty 2 dimensional array
	t = new String[1][0];
	assertEquals("0=@()", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("0=@()", sr.serialize(t));

	// Array containing empty string
	// Top level
	t = new String[]{""};
	assertEquals("0=''", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("0=''", sr.serialize(t));

	// 2nd level
	t = new ObjectMap("{x:['']}");
	assertEquals("x=@('')", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("x=@(\n\t''\n)", sr.serialize(t));

	// Array containing 3 empty strings
	t = new String[]{"","",""};
	assertEquals("0=''&1=''&2=''", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("0=''\n&1=''\n&2=''", sr.serialize(t));

	// String containing \u0000
	// Top level
	t = "\u0000";
	assertEquals("_value=%00", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("_value=%00", sr.serialize(t));

	// 2nd level
	t = new ObjectMap("{'\u0000':'\u0000'}");
	assertEquals("%00=%00", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("%00=%00", sr.serialize(t));

	// Boolean
	// Top level
	t = false;
	assertEquals("_value=false", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("_value=false", sr.serialize(t));

	// 2nd level
	t = new ObjectMap("{x:false}");
	assertEquals("x=false", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("x=false", sr.serialize(t));

	// Number
	// Top level
	t = 123;
	assertEquals("_value=123", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("_value=123", sr.serialize(t));

	// 2nd level
	t = new ObjectMap("{x:123}");
	assertEquals("x=123", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("x=123", sr.serialize(t));

	// Unencoded chars
	// Top level
	t = "x;/?:@-_.!*'";
	assertEquals("_value=x;/?:@-_.!*~'", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("_value=x;/?:@-_.!*~'", sr.serialize(t));

	// 2nd level
	t = new ObjectMap("{x:'x;/?:@-_.!*\\''}");
	assertEquals("x=x;/?:@-_.!*~'", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("x=x;/?:@-_.!*~'", sr.serialize(t));

	// Encoded chars
	// Top level
	t = "x{}\|\\^[]`<>#%\"&+";
	assertEquals("_value=x%7B%7D%7C%5C%5E%5B%5D%60%3C%3E%23%25%22%26%2B", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("_value=x%7B%7D%7C%5C%5E%5B%5D%60%3C%3E%23%25%22%26%2B", sr.serialize(t));

	// 2nd level
	t = new ObjectMap("{'x{}\|\\\\^[]`<>#%\"&+':'x{}\|\\\\^[]`<>#%\"&+'}");
	assertEquals("x%7B%7D%7C%5C%5E%5B%5D%60%3C%3E%23%25%22%26%2B=x%7B%7D%7C%5C%5E%5B%5D%60%3C%3E%23%25%22%26%2B", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("x%7B%7D%7C%5C%5E%5B%5D%60%3C%3E%23%25%22%26%2B=x%7B%7D%7C%5C%5E%5B%5D%60%3C%3E%23%25%22%26%2B", sr.serialize(t));

	// Escaped chars
	// Top level
	t = "x$,()~";
	assertEquals("_value='x$,()~~'", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("_value='x$,()~~'", sr.serialize(t));

	// 2nd level
	t = new ObjectMap("{'x$,()~':'x$,()~'}");
	assertEquals("'x$,()~~'='x$,()~~'", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("'x$,()~~'='x$,()~~'", sr.serialize(t));

	// 3rd level
	t = new ObjectMap("{'x$,()~':{'x$,()~':'x$,()~'}}");
	assertEquals("'x$,()~~'=('x$,()~~'='x$,()~~')", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("'x$,()~~'=(\n\t'x$,()~~'='x$,()~~'\n)", sr.serialize(t));

	// Equals sign
	// Gets encoded at top level, and encoded+escaped at 2nd level.
	// Top level
	t = "x=";
	assertEquals("_value='x='", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("_value='x='", sr.serialize(t));

	// 2nd level
	t = new ObjectMap("{'x=':'x='}");
	assertEquals("'x%3D'='x='", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("'x%3D'='x='", sr.serialize(t));

	// 3rd level
	t = new ObjectMap("{'x=':{'x=':'x='}}");
	assertEquals("'x%3D'=('x='='x=')", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("'x%3D'=(\n\t'x='='x='\n)", sr.serialize(t));

	// String starting with parenthesis
	// Top level
	t = "()";
	assertEquals("_value='()'", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("_value='()'", sr.serialize(t));

	// 2nd level
	t = new ObjectMap("{'()':'()'}");
	assertEquals("'()'='()'", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("'()'='()'", sr.serialize(t));

	// String starting with $
	// Top level
	t = "$a";
	assertEquals("_value=$a", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("_value=$a", sr.serialize(t));

	// 2nd level
	t = new ObjectMap("{$a:'$a'}");
	assertEquals("$a=$a", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("$a=$a", sr.serialize(t));

	// Blank string
	// Top level
	t = "";
	assertEquals("_value=''", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("_value=''", sr.serialize(t));

	// 2nd level
	t = new ObjectMap("{'':''}");
	assertEquals("''=''", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("''=''", sr.serialize(t));

	// 3rd level
	t = new ObjectMap("{'':{'':''}}");
	assertEquals("''=(''='')", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("''=(\n\t''=''\n)", sr.serialize(t));

	// Newline character
	// Top level
	t = "\n";
	assertEquals("_value='%0A'", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("_value='%0A'", sr.serialize(t));

	// 2nd level
	t = new ObjectMap("{'\n':'\n'}");
	assertEquals("'%0A'='%0A'", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("'%0A'='%0A'", sr.serialize(t));

	// 3rd level
	t = new ObjectMap("{'\n':{'\n':'\n'}}");
	assertEquals("'%0A'=('%0A'='%0A')", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("'%0A'=(\n\t'%0A'='%0A'\n)", sr.serialize(t));
	}

	//====================================================================================================
	// Unicode characters test
	//====================================================================================================
	@Test
	public void testUnicodeChars() throws Exception {
	Object t;

	// 2-byte UTF-8 character
	// Top level
	t = "¢";
	assertEquals("_value=%C2%A2", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("_value=%C2%A2", sr.serialize(t));

	// 2nd level
	t = new ObjectMap("{'¢':'¢'}");
	assertEquals("%C2%A2=%C2%A2", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("%C2%A2=%C2%A2", sr.serialize(t));

	// 3rd level
	t = new ObjectMap("{'¢':{'¢':'¢'}}");
	assertEquals("%C2%A2=(%C2%A2=%C2%A2)", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("%C2%A2=(\n\t%C2%A2=%C2%A2\n)", sr.serialize(t));

	// 3-byte UTF-8 character
	// Top level
	t = "€";
	assertEquals("_value=%E2%82%AC", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("_value=%E2%82%AC", sr.serialize(t));

	// 2nd level
	t = new ObjectMap("{'€':'€'}");
	assertEquals("%E2%82%AC=%E2%82%AC", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("%E2%82%AC=%E2%82%AC", sr.serialize(t));

	// 3rd level
	t = new ObjectMap("{'€':{'€':'€'}}");
	assertEquals("%E2%82%AC=(%E2%82%AC=%E2%82%AC)", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("%E2%82%AC=(\n\t%E2%82%AC=%E2%82%AC\n)", sr.serialize(t));

	// 4-byte UTF-8 character
	// Top level
	t = "𤭢";
	assertEquals("_value=%F0%A4%AD%A2", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("_value=%F0%A4%AD%A2", sr.serialize(t));

	// 2nd level
	t = new ObjectMap("{'𤭢':'𤭢'}");
	assertEquals("%F0%A4%AD%A2=%F0%A4%AD%A2", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("%F0%A4%AD%A2=%F0%A4%AD%A2", sr.serialize(t));

	// 3rd level
	t = new ObjectMap("{'𤭢':{'𤭢':'𤭢'}}");
	assertEquals("%F0%A4%AD%A2=(%F0%A4%AD%A2=%F0%A4%AD%A2)", s.serialize(t));
	assertEquals("%F0%A4%AD%A2=(\n\t%F0%A4%AD%A2=%F0%A4%AD%A2\n)", sr.serialize(t));
	}

	//====================================================================================================
	// Multi-part parameters on beans via URLENC_expandedParams
	//====================================================================================================
	@Test
	public void testMultiPartParametersOnBeansViaProperty() throws Exception {
	UrlEncodingSerializer s;
	DTOs.B t = DTOs.B.create();
	String r;

	s = UrlEncodingSerializer.DEFAULT;
	r = s.serialize(t);
	String e = ""
	+ "f01=@(a,b)"
	+ "&f02=@(c,d)"
	+ "&f03=@(1,2)"
	+ "&f04=@(3,4)"
	+ "&f05=@(@(e,f),@(g,h))"
	+ "&f06=@(@(i,j),@(k,l))"
	+ "&f07=@((a=a,b=1,c=true),(a=a,b=1,c=true))"
	+ "&f08=@((a=a,b=1,c=true),(a=a,b=1,c=true))"
	+ "&f09=@(@((a=a,b=1,c=true)),@((a=a,b=1,c=true)))"
	+ "&f10=@(@((a=a,b=1,c=true)),@((a=a,b=1,c=true)))"
	+ "&f11=@(a,b)"
	+ "&f12=@(c,d)"
	+ "&f13=@(1,2)"
	+ "&f14=@(3,4)"
	+ "&f15=@(@(e,f),@(g,h))"
	+ "&f16=@(@(i,j),@(k,l))"
	+ "&f17=@((a=a,b=1,c=true),(a=a,b=1,c=true))"
	+ "&f18=@((a=a,b=1,c=true),(a=a,b=1,c=true))"
	+ "&f19=@(@((a=a,b=1,c=true)),@((a=a,b=1,c=true)))"
	+ "&f20=@(@((a=a,b=1,c=true)),@((a=a,b=1,c=true)))";
	assertEquals(e, r);

	s = UrlEncodingSerializer.create().expandedParams().build();
	r = s.serialize(t);
	e = ""
	+ "f01=a&f01=b"
	+ "&f02=c&f02=d"
	+ "&f03=1&f03=2"
	+ "&f04=3&f04=4"
	+ "&f05=@(e,f)&f05=@(g,h)"
	+ "&f06=@(i,j)&f06=@(k,l)"
	+ "&f07=(a=a,b=1,c=true)&f07=(a=a,b=1,c=true)"
	+ "&f08=(a=a,b=1,c=true)&f08=(a=a,b=1,c=true)"
	+ "&f09=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))&f09=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))"
	+ "&f10=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))&f10=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))"
	+ "&f11=a&f11=b"
	+ "&f12=c&f12=d"
	+ "&f13=1&f13=2"
	+ "&f14=3&f14=4"
	+ "&f15=@(e,f)&f15=@(g,h)"
	+ "&f16=@(i,j)&f16=@(k,l)"
	+ "&f17=(a=a,b=1,c=true)&f17=(a=a,b=1,c=true)"
	+ "&f18=(a=a,b=1,c=true)&f18=(a=a,b=1,c=true)"
	+ "&f19=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))&f19=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))"
	+ "&f20=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))&f20=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))";
	assertEquals(e, r);
	}


	//====================================================================================================
	// Multi-part parameters on beans via @UrlEncoding.expandedParams on class
	//====================================================================================================
	@Test
	public void testMultiPartParametersOnBeansViaAnnotationOnClass() throws Exception {
	UrlEncodingSerializer s;
	DTOs.C t = DTOs.C.create();
	String r;

	s = UrlEncodingSerializer.DEFAULT;
	r = s.serialize(t);
	String e = ""
	+ "f01=a&f01=b"
	+ "&f02=c&f02=d"
	+ "&f03=1&f03=2"
	+ "&f04=3&f04=4"
	+ "&f05=@(e,f)&f05=@(g,h)"
	+ "&f06=@(i,j)&f06=@(k,l)"
	+ "&f07=(a=a,b=1,c=true)&f07=(a=a,b=1,c=true)"
	+ "&f08=(a=a,b=1,c=true)&f08=(a=a,b=1,c=true)"
	+ "&f09=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))&f09=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))"
	+ "&f10=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))&f10=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))"
	+ "&f11=a&f11=b"
	+ "&f12=c&f12=d"
	+ "&f13=1&f13=2"
	+ "&f14=3&f14=4"
	+ "&f15=@(e,f)&f15=@(g,h)"
	+ "&f16=@(i,j)&f16=@(k,l)"
	+ "&f17=(a=a,b=1,c=true)&f17=(a=a,b=1,c=true)"
	+ "&f18=(a=a,b=1,c=true)&f18=(a=a,b=1,c=true)"
	+ "&f19=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))&f19=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))"
	+ "&f20=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))&f20=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))";
	assertEquals(e, r);

	s = UrlEncodingSerializer.create().expandedParams().build();
	r = s.serialize(t);
	e = ""
	+ "f01=a&f01=b"
	+ "&f02=c&f02=d"
	+ "&f03=1&f03=2"
	+ "&f04=3&f04=4"
	+ "&f05=@(e,f)&f05=@(g,h)"
	+ "&f06=@(i,j)&f06=@(k,l)"
	+ "&f07=(a=a,b=1,c=true)&f07=(a=a,b=1,c=true)"
	+ "&f08=(a=a,b=1,c=true)&f08=(a=a,b=1,c=true)"
	+ "&f09=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))&f09=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))"
	+ "&f10=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))&f10=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))"
	+ "&f11=a&f11=b"
	+ "&f12=c&f12=d"
	+ "&f13=1&f13=2"
	+ "&f14=3&f14=4"
	+ "&f15=@(e,f)&f15=@(g,h)"
	+ "&f16=@(i,j)&f16=@(k,l)"
	+ "&f17=(a=a,b=1,c=true)&f17=(a=a,b=1,c=true)"
	+ "&f18=(a=a,b=1,c=true)&f18=(a=a,b=1,c=true)"
	+ "&f19=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))&f19=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))"
	+ "&f20=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))&f20=@((a=a,b=1,c=true))";
	assertEquals(e, r);
	}

	@Test
	public void testMultiPartParametersOnMapOfStringArrays() throws Exception {
	UrlEncodingSerializer s;
	String r;

	Map<String,String[]> t = new LinkedHashMap<>();
	t.put("f1", new String[]{"bar"});
	t.put("f2", new String[]{"bar","baz"});
	t.put("f3", new String[]{});
	s = UrlEncodingSerializer.DEFAULT_EXPANDED;
	r = s.serialize(t);
	String e = "f1=bar&f2=bar&f2=baz";
	assertEquals(e, r);
	}

	//====================================================================================================
	// Test URLENC_paramFormat == PLAINTEXT.
	//====================================================================================================
	@Test
	public void testPlainTextParams() throws Exception {
	WriterSerializer s = UrlEncodingSerializer.DEFAULT.builder().paramFormatPlain().build();

	assertEquals("_value=foo", s.serialize("foo"));
	assertEquals("_value='foo'", s.serialize("'foo'"));
	assertEquals("_value=(foo)", s.serialize("(foo)"));
	assertEquals("_value=@(foo)", s.serialize("@(foo)"));

	Map<String,Object> m = new AMap<String,Object>()
	.append("foo", "foo")
	.append("'foo'", "'foo'")
	.append("(foo)", "(foo)")
	.append("@(foo)", "@(foo)");
	assertEquals("foo=foo&'foo'='foo'&(foo)=(foo)&@(foo)=@(foo)", s.serialize(m));

	List<String> l = new AList<String>().appendAll("foo", "'foo'", "(foo)", "@(foo)");
	assertEquals("0=foo&1='foo'&2=(foo)&3=@(foo)", s.serialize(l));

	A a = new A();
	assertEquals("'foo'='foo'&(foo)=(foo)&@(foo)=@(foo)&foo=foo", s.serialize(a));
	}

	@Bean(sort=true)
	public static class A {

	@Beanp(name="foo")
	public String f1 = "foo";

	@Beanp(name="'foo'")
	public String f2 = "'foo'";

	@Beanp(name="(foo)")
	public String f3 = "(foo)";

	@Beanp(name="@(foo)")
	public String f4 = "@(foo)";
	}
	}