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| <h1 class="title">ARQ - Construct Quad</h1> |
| |
| |
| <main class="d-flex flex-xl-row flex-column"> |
| |
| <aside class="text-muted align-self-start mb-3 p-0 d-xl-none d-block"> |
| <h2 class="h6 sticky-top m-0 p-2 bg-body-tertiary">On this page</h2> |
| <nav id="TableOfContents"> |
| <ul> |
| <li><a href="#query-syntax">Query Syntax</a> |
| <ul> |
| <li><a href="#complete-form">Complete Form</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#short-form">Short Form</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#grammar">Grammar</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a href="#programming-api">Programming API</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#fuseki-support">Fuseki Support</a></li> |
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| <article class="flex-column me-lg-4"> |
| <p>The current W3C recommendation of |
| <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-query/">SPARQL 1.1</a> supports the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-query/#construct">CONSTRUCT query |
| form</a>, which returns a single RDF graph specified by a graph template. The |
| result is an RDF graph formed by taking each query solution in the solution |
| sequence, substituting for the variables in the graph template, and |
| combining the triples into a single RDF graph by set union. However, it |
| does not directly generate quads or |
| <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-query/#rdfDataset">RDF datasets</a>.<br> |
| In order to |
| eliminate this limitation, Jena ARQ extends the grammar of the <code>CONSTRUCT</code> |
| query form and provides the according components, which brings more |
| conveniences for the users manipulating RDF datasets with SPARQL.</p> |
| <p>This feature was added in Jena 3.0.1.</p> |
| <h2 id="query-syntax">Query Syntax</h2> |
| <p>A <code>CONSTRUCT</code> template of the SPARQL 1.1 query String is |
| <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/">Turtle</a> format with possible variables. The |
| syntax for this extension follows that style in ARQ, using |
| <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/trig/">TriG</a> plus variables. Just like SPARQL 1.1, |
| there are 2 forms for ARQ Construct Quad query:</p> |
| <h3 id="complete-form">Complete Form</h3> |
| <pre><code>CONSTRUCT { |
| # Named graph |
| GRAPH :g { ?s :p ?o } |
| # Default graph |
| { ?s :p ?o } |
| # Default graph |
| :s ?p :o |
| } WHERE { |
| # SPARQL 1.1 WHERE Clause |
| ... |
| } |
| </code></pre> |
| <p>The default graphs and the named graphs can be constructed within the |
| <code>CONSTRUCT</code> clause in the above way. Note that, for constructing the named |
| graph, the token of <code>GRAPH</code> can be optional. The brackets of the triples to |
| be constructed in the default graph can also be optional.</p> |
| <h3 id="short-form">Short Form</h3> |
| <pre><code>CONSTRUCT WHERE { |
| # Basic dataset pattern (only the default graph and the named graphs) |
| ... |
| } |
| </code></pre> |
| <p>A short form is provided for the case where the template and the pattern |
| are the same and the pattern is just a basic dataset pattern (no <code>FILTER</code>s |
| and no complex graph patterns are allowed in the short form). The keyword |
| <code>WHERE</code> is required in the short form.</p> |
| <h3 id="grammar">Grammar</h3> |
| <p>The normative definition of the syntax grammar of the query string is defined in this table:</p> |
| <table> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th>Rule</th> |
| <th></th> |
| <th>Expression</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td>ConstructQuery</td> |
| <td>::=</td> |
| <td>‘CONSTRUCT’ ( ConstructTemplate DatasetClause* WhereClause SolutionModifier | DatasetClause* ‘WHERE’ ‘{’ ConstructQuads ‘}’ SolutionModifier )</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td>ConstructTemplate</td> |
| <td>::=</td> |
| <td>‘{’ ConstructQuads ‘}’</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td>ConstructQuads</td> |
| <td>::=</td> |
| <td>TriplesTemplate? ( ConstructQuadsNotTriples ‘.’? TriplesTemplate? )*</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td>ConstructQuadsNotTriples</td> |
| <td>::=</td> |
| <td>( ‘GRAPH’ VarOrBlankNodeIri )? ‘{’ TriplesTemplate? ‘}’</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td>TriplesTemplate</td> |
| <td>::=</td> |
| <td>TriplesSameSubject ( ‘.’ TriplesTemplate? )?</td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <p><code>DatasetClause</code>, <code>WhereClause</code>, <code>SolutionModifier</code>, <code>TriplesTemplate</code>, <code>VarOrIri</code>, |
| <code>TriplesSameSubject</code> are as for the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-query/#grammar">SPARQL 1.1 Grammar</a></p> |
| <h2 id="programming-api">Programming API</h2> |
| <p>ARQ provides 2 additional methods in <a href="/documentation/javadoc/arq/org.apache.jena.arq/org/apache/jena/query/QueryExecution.html">QueryExecution</a> for Construct Quad.</p> |
| <pre><code>Iterator<Quad> QueryExecution.execConstructQuads() // allow duplication |
| Dataset QueryExecution.execConstructDataset() // no duplication |
| </code></pre> |
| <p>One difference of the 2 methods is: |
| The method of <code>execConstructQuads()</code> returns an <code>Iterator</code> of <code>Quad</code>, allowing duplication. |
| But <code>execConstructDataset()</code> constructs the desired Dataset object with only unique <code>Quad</code>s.</p> |
| <p>In order to use these methods, it’s required to switch on the query syntax |
| of ARQ beforehand, when creating the <code>Query</code> object:</p> |
| <pre><code>Query query = QueryFactory.create(queryString, Syntax.syntaxARQ); |
| </code></pre> |
| <p>If the query is supposed to construct only triples, not quads, the triples |
| will be constructed in the default graph. For example:</p> |
| <pre><code>String queryString = "CONSTRUCT { ?s ?p ?o } WHERE ... " |
| ... |
| // The graph node of the quads are the default graph (ARQ uses <urn:x-arq:DefaultGraphNode>). |
| Iterator<Quad> quads = qexec.execConstructQuads(); |
| </code></pre> |
| <p>If the query string stands for constructing quads while the method of |
| <code>exeConstructTriples()</code> are called, it returns only the triples in the |
| default graph of the <code>CONSTRUCT</code> query template. It’s called a “projection” |
| on the default graph. For instance:</p> |
| <pre><code>String queryString = "CONSTRUCT { ?s ?p ?o . GRAPH ?g1 { ?s1 ?p1 ?o1 } } WHERE ..." |
| ... |
| // The part of "GRAPH ?g1 { ?s1 ?p1 ?o1 }" will be ignored. Only "?s ?p ?o" in the default graph will be returned. |
| Iterator<Triple> triples = qexec.execConstructTriples(); |
| </code></pre> |
| <p>More examples can be found at <code>ExampleConstructQuads.java</code> at |
| <a href="https://github.com/apache/jena/tree/main/jena-examples/src/main/java/arq/examples/constructquads/">jena-examples:arq/examples/constructquads/</a>.</p> |
| <h2 id="fuseki-support">Fuseki Support</h2> |
| <p>Jena <a href="/documentation/fuseki2/index.html">Fuseki</a> is also empowered with Construct Quad query as a built-in |
| function. No more additional configuration is required to switch it on. |
| Because |
| <a href="/documentation/javadoc/arq/org.apache.jena.arq/org/apache/jena/sparql/engine/http/QueryEngineHTTP.html">QueryEngineHTTP</a> |
| is just an implementation of QueryExecution, there’s not much difference |
| for the client users to manipulate the programming API described in the |
| previous sections, e.g.</p> |
| <pre><code>String queryString = " CONSTRUCT { GRAPH <http://example/ns#g1> {?s ?p ?o} } WHERE {?s ?p ?o}" ; |
| Query query = QueryFactory.create(queryString, Syntax.syntaxARQ); |
| try ( QueryExecution qExec = QueryExecution.service(serviceQuery).query(query).build() ) { // serviceQuery is the URL of the remote service |
| Iterator<Quad> result = qExec.execConstructQuads(); |
| ... |
| } |
| ... |
| </code></pre> |
| <p><a href="index.html">ARQ documentation index</a></p> |
| |
| </article> |
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| <li><a href="#grammar">Grammar</a></li> |
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| </li> |
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