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| <h1 class="title">Tutorial SPARQL - Formato de Dados</h1> |
| |
| <p>Primeiro, nós precisamos esclarecer quais dados estão sendo consultados. SPARQL consulta grafos RDF. Um grafo RDF é um conjunto de triplas (Jena chama os grafos de modelos e as triplas de sentenças porque assim eram chamadas quando a API foi elaborada inicialmente).</p> |
| <p>É importante perceber que o que importa são as triplas, e não a serialização. A serialização é apenas uma maneira de escrever as triplas. RDF/XML é uma recomendação da W3C, mas isso pode dificultar a visão das triplas porque há múltiplas formas de codificar o mesmo grafo. Neste tutorial, usamos uma serialização mais parecida com triplas, chamada <a href="http://www.ilrt.bris.ac.uk/discovery/2004/01/turtle/">Turtle</a> (veja também a linguagem N3 descrita pela <a href="http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/Primer">W3C semantic web primer</a>).</p> |
| <p>Nós vamos começar os dados em <a href="sparql_data/vc-db-1.rdf">vc-db-1.rdf</a>: |
| este arquivo contém RDF para uma quantidade de descrições de vcards de pessoas. Vcards são descritos em |
| <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2426.txt">RFC2426</a> e a tradução RDF é descrita na nota da W3C |
| “<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/vcard-rdf.html">Representing vCard Objects in RDF/XML</a>". |
| Nosso banco de dados exemplo apenas contém alguma informação sobre nomes.</p> |
| <p>Graficamente, os dados se assemelham a:</p> |
| <p><img src="/images/vc-db.png" alt="Graph of the vCard database" title="Graph of the vCard database"></p> |
| <p>Em triplas, devem se parecer com:</p> |
| <pre><code>@prefix vCard: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#> . |
| @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . |
| @prefix : <#> . |
| |
| <http://somewhere/MattJones/> |
| vCard:FN "Matt Jones" ; |
| vCard:N [ vCard:Family |
| "Jones" ; |
| vCard:Given |
| "Matthew" |
| ] . |
| |
| <http://somewhere/RebeccaSmith/> |
| vCard:FN "Becky Smith" ; |
| vCard:N [ vCard:Family |
| "Smith" ; |
| vCard:Given |
| "Rebecca" |
| ] . |
| |
| <http://somewhere/JohnSmith/> |
| vCard:FN "John Smith" ; |
| vCard:N [ vCard:Family |
| "Smith" ; |
| vCard:Given |
| "John" |
| ] . |
| |
| <http://somewhere/SarahJones/> |
| vCard:FN "Sarah Jones" ; |
| vCard:N [ vCard:Family |
| "Jones" ; |
| vCard:Given |
| "Sarah" |
| ] . |
| </code></pre> |
| <p>ou então mais explicitamente como triplas:</p> |
| <pre><code>@prefix vCard: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#> . |
| @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . |
| |
| <http://somewhere/MattJones/> vCard:FN "Matt Jones" . |
| <http://somewhere/MattJones/> vCard:N _:b0 . |
| _:b0 vCard:Family "Jones" . |
| _:b0 vCard:Given "Matthew" . |
| |
| |
| <http://somewhere/RebeccaSmith/> vCard:FN "Becky Smith" . |
| <http://somewhere/RebeccaSmith/> vCard:N _:b1 . |
| _:b1 vCard:Family "Smith" . |
| _:b1 vCard:Given "Rebecca" . |
| |
| <http://somewhere/JohnSmith/> vCard:FN "John Smith" . |
| <http://somewhere/JohnSmith/> vCard:N _:b2 . |
| _:b2 vCard:Family "Smith" . |
| _:b2 vCard:Given "John" . |
| |
| <http://somewhere/SarahJones/> vCard:FN "Sarah Jones" . |
| <http://somewhere/SarahJones/> vCard:N _:b3 . |
| _:b3 vCard:Family "Jones" . |
| _:b3 vCard:Given "Sarah" . |
| </code></pre> |
| <p>É importante perceber que elas são as mesmas do grafo RDF e que as triplas no grafo não estão em alguma ordem particular. Elas são apenas escritas em grupos relacionados para a leitura humana – a máquina não se importa com isso.</p> |
| <p><a href="sparql_query1_pt.html">Próximo: Uma consulta simples</a></p> |
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