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             <h1 class="title">Combining Apache Jena jars</h1>

 	<p>Apache Jena initializes uses Java&rsquo;s
 <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/ServiceLoader.html">ServiceLoader</a>
 mechanism to locate initialization steps. The
 documentation for process in Jena is <a href="system-initialization.html">available here</a>.</p>
 <p>There are a number of files (Java resources) in Jena jars named:</p>
 <pre><code>META-INF/services/org.apache.jena.sys.JenaSubsystemLifecycle
 </code></pre>
 <p>Each has different contents, usually one or two lines.</p>
 <p>When making a combined jar (&ldquo;uber-jar&rdquo;, jar with dependencies) from Jena
 dependencies and application code, the contents of the Jena files must
 be combined and be present in the combined jar as a java resource of the
 same name.</p>
 <p>The
 <a href="https://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-shade-plugin/">maven shade plugin</a>
 is capable of doing this process in a build using a &ldquo;transformer&rdquo;.</p>
 <p>The Apache Jena uses the shade plugin technique itself to make the combined jar
 for Fuseki.  It uses the maven shade plugin with a <code>transformer</code>.</p>
 <p>This is an extract from the POM:</p>
 <pre><code>&lt;plugin&gt;
   &lt;groupId&gt;org.apache.maven.plugins&lt;/groupId&gt;
   &lt;artifactId&gt;maven-shade-plugin&lt;/artifactId&gt;
   &lt;configuration&gt;
     ...
     &lt;transformers&gt;
       &lt;transformer
           implementation=&quot;org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ServicesResourceTransformer&quot;/&gt;
       ... other transformers ...
     &lt;/transformers&gt;
 </code></pre>
 <p>See
 <a href="https://github.com/apache/jena/blob/main/jena-fuseki2/jena-fuseki-server/pom.xml">jena-fuseki2/jena-fuseki-server/pom.xml</a>
 for the complete shade plugin setup used by Fuseki.</p>
 <p>If doing manually, create a single file in your application jar the
 all lines of all the services resource files. The order does not matter</p>
 <ul>
 <li>Jena calls modules in the right order.</li>
 </ul>
 <p>For Gradle, the <a href="https://imperceptiblethoughts.com/shadow/">shadowJar plugin</a>
 has the
 <a href="https://imperceptiblethoughts.com/shadow/configuration/merging/#merging-service-descriptor-files">mergeServiceFiles</a>
 operation.</p>
 <pre><code>// Merging Service Files
 shadowJar {
   mergeServiceFiles()
   . . .
 }
 </code></pre>


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	</div>
	<h1 class="title">Combining Apache Jena jars</h1>

	<p>Apache Jena initializes uses Java’s
	<a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/ServiceLoader.html">ServiceLoader</a>
	mechanism to locate initialization steps. The
	documentation for process in Jena is <a href="system-initialization.html">available here</a>.</p>
	<p>There are a number of files (Java resources) in Jena jars named:</p>
	<pre><code>META-INF/services/org.apache.jena.sys.JenaSubsystemLifecycle
	</code></pre>
	<p>Each has different contents, usually one or two lines.</p>
	<p>When making a combined jar (“uber-jar”, jar with dependencies) from Jena
	dependencies and application code, the contents of the Jena files must
	be combined and be present in the combined jar as a java resource of the
	same name.</p>
	<p>The
	<a href="https://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-shade-plugin/">maven shade plugin</a>
	is capable of doing this process in a build using a “transformer”.</p>
	<p>The Apache Jena uses the shade plugin technique itself to make the combined jar
	for Fuseki. It uses the maven shade plugin with a <code>transformer</code>.</p>
	<p>This is an extract from the POM:</p>
	<pre><code><plugin>
	<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
	<artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
	<configuration>
	...
	<transformers>
	<transformer
	implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ServicesResourceTransformer"/>
	... other transformers ...
	</transformers>
	</code></pre>
	<p>See
	<a href="https://github.com/apache/jena/blob/main/jena-fuseki2/jena-fuseki-server/pom.xml">jena-fuseki2/jena-fuseki-server/pom.xml</a>
	for the complete shade plugin setup used by Fuseki.</p>
	<p>If doing manually, create a single file in your application jar the
	all lines of all the services resource files. The order does not matter</p>
	<ul>
	<li>Jena calls modules in the right order.</li>
	</ul>
	<p>For Gradle, the <a href="https://imperceptiblethoughts.com/shadow/">shadowJar plugin</a>
	has the
	<a href="https://imperceptiblethoughts.com/shadow/configuration/merging/#merging-service-descriptor-files">mergeServiceFiles</a>
	operation.</p>
	<pre><code>// Merging Service Files
	shadowJar {
	mergeServiceFiles()
	. . .
	}
	</code></pre>


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