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| <h1 class="title">Fuseki: serving RDF data over HTTP</h1> |
| |
| <h2 id="see-the-fuseki2-documentationdocumentationfuseki2">See the <a href="/documentation/fuseki2/">Fuseki2 documentation</a>.</h2> |
| <hr> |
| <blockquote> |
| <p>This page covers Fuseki v1.<br/> |
| Fuseki1 is deprecated and has been retired.<br/> |
| The last release of Jena with this module is Jena 3.9.0.<br/></p> |
| </blockquote> |
| <hr> |
| <p>Fuseki is a SPARQL server. It provides REST-style SPARQL HTTP Update, SPARQL Query, |
| and SPARQL Update using the SPARQL protocol over HTTP.</p> |
| <p>The relevant SPARQL standards are:</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-query/">SPARQL 1.1 Query</a></li> |
| <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-update/">SPARQL 1.1 Update</a></li> |
| <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-protocol/">SPARQL 1.1 Protocol</a></li> |
| <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-http-rdf-update/">SPARQL 1.1 Graph Store HTTP Protocol</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| <h2 id="contents">Contents</h2> |
| <ul> |
| <li><a href="#download-fuseki1">Download</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#getting-started-with-fuseki">Getting Started</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#security-and-access-control">Security</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#logging">Logging</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#server-uri-scheme">Server URI scheme</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#running-a-fuseki-server">Running a Fuseki Server</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#fuseki-configuration-file">Fuseki Configuration File</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#sparql-over-http">SPARQL Over HTTP</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#use-from-java">Use from Java</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#development-system">Development System</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| <h2 id="download-fuseki1">Download Fuseki1</h2> |
| <p>Binaries for Fuseki1 are available from the |
| <a href="http://central.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/jena/jena-fuseki1/">maven |
| repositories</a>.</p> |
| <p>The source code is available in the Apache Jena source release.</p> |
| <h2 id="getting-started-with-fuseki">Getting Started With Fuseki</h2> |
| <p>This section provides a brief guide to getting up and running with |
| a simple server installation. It uses the |
| <a href="/documentation/fuseki2/soh.html">SOH (SPARQL over HTTP)</a> scripts included in the |
| download.</p> |
| <ol> |
| <li> |
| <p><a href="/download/#jena-fuseki">Download</a> the latest <code>jena-fuseki-*-distribution</code></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Unpack the downloaded file with <code>unzip</code> or <code>tar zxfv</code></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Move into the newly-created <code>apache-jena-fuseki-*</code> directory</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>(Linux) <code>chmod +x fuseki-server bin/s-*</code></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Run a server</p> |
| <p>./fuseki-server –update –mem /ds</p> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| <p>The server logging goes to the console:</p> |
| <pre><code>09:25:41 INFO Fuseki :: Dataset: in-memory |
| 09:25:41 INFO Fuseki :: Update enabled |
| 09:25:41 INFO Fuseki :: Fuseki development |
| 09:25:41 INFO Fuseki :: Jetty 7.2.1.v20101111 |
| 09:25:41 INFO Fuseki :: Dataset = /ds |
| 09:25:41 INFO Fuseki :: Started 2011/01/06 09:25:41 GMT on port 3030 |
| </code></pre> |
| <h2 id="user-interface">User Interface</h2> |
| <p>The Fuseki download includes a number of services:</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>SPARQL Query, SPARQL Update, and file upload to a selected |
| dataset.</li> |
| <li>Link to the documentation (here).</li> |
| <li>Validators for SPARQL query and update and for non-RDF/XML |
| formats.</li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>For the control panel:</p> |
| <ol> |
| <li>In a browser, go to <code>http://localhost:3030/</code></li> |
| <li>Click on <em>Control Panel</em></li> |
| <li>Select the dataset (if set up above, there is only one choice).</li> |
| </ol> |
| <p>The page offers SPARQL operations and file upload acting on the |
| selected dataset.</p> |
| <h2 id="script-control">Script Control</h2> |
| <p>In a new window:</p> |
| <p>Load some RDF data into the default graph of the server:</p> |
| <pre><code>s-put http://localhost:3030/ds/data default books.ttl |
| </code></pre> |
| <p>Get it back:</p> |
| <pre><code>s-get http://localhost:3030/ds/data default |
| </code></pre> |
| <p>Query it with SPARQL using the …/query endpoint.</p> |
| <pre><code>s-query --service http://localhost:3030/ds/query 'SELECT * {?s ?p ?o}' |
| </code></pre> |
| <p>Update it with SPARQL using the …/update endpoint.</p> |
| <pre><code>s-update --service http://localhost:3030/ds/update 'CLEAR DEFAULT' |
| </code></pre> |
| <h2 id="security-and-access-control">Security and Access Control</h2> |
| <p>Fuseki does not currently offer security and access control itself.</p> |
| <p>Authentication and control of the number of concurrent requests can |
| be added using an Apache server and either blocking the Fuseki port |
| to outside traffic (e.g. on Amazon’s EC2) or by listening only the |
| <code>localhost</code> network interface. This is especially important for update |
| endpoints (SPARQL Update, SPARQL Graph Store protocol with |
| PUT/POST/DELETE enabled).</p> |
| <p>Data can be updated without access control if the server is started |
| with the <code>--update</code> argument. If started without that argument, data |
| is read-only.</p> |
| <h2 id="logging">Logging</h2> |
| <p>Fuseki uses |
| <a href="http://logging.apache.org/log4j/">Log4J</a> |
| for logging. There are two main logging channels:</p> |
| <ol> |
| <li>The general server messages: <code>org.apache.jena.fuseki.Server</code></li> |
| <li>A channel for all request messages: <code>org.apache.jena.fuseki.Fuseki</code></li> |
| </ol> |
| <p>The default settings are (this is an extract of a log4j properties |
| file):</p> |
| <pre><code># Fuseki |
| # Server log. |
| log4j.logger.org.apache.jena.fuseki.Server=INFO |
| # Request log. |
| log4j.logger.org.apache.jena.fuseki.Fuseki=INFO |
| # Internal logs |
| log4j.logger.org.apache.jena.fuseki=INFO |
| </code></pre> |
| <h2 id="server-uri-scheme">Server URI scheme</h2> |
| <p>This details the service URIs for Fuseki:</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li><code>http://*host*/</code><em>dataset</em><code>/query</code> – the SPARQL query endpoint.</li> |
| <li><code>http://*host*/</code><em>dataset</em><code>/update</code> – the SPARQL Update language |
| endpoint.</li> |
| <li><code>http://*host*/</code><em>dataset</em><code>/data</code> – the SPARQL Graph Store Protocol |
| endpoint.</li> |
| <li><code>http://*host*/</code><em>dataset</em><code>/upload</code> – the file upload endpoint.</li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>Where <em>dataset</em> is a URI path. Note that Fuseki defaults to using |
| port 3030 so <em>host</em> is often <em>localhost:3030</em>.</p> |
| <p><strong>Important</strong> - While you may set <em>dataset</em> to be the text <code>dataset</code> this should be avoided since it may interfere with the function of the control panel and web pages.</p> |
| <p>The URI |
| <code>http://host/</code><em>dataset</em><code>/sparql</code> |
| is currently mapped to <code>/query</code> but this may change to being a |
| general purpose SPARQL query endpoint.</p> |
| <h2 id="running-a-fuseki-server">Running a Fuseki Server</h2> |
| <p>The server can be run with the script <code>fuseki-server</code>. Common forms |
| are:</p> |
| <pre><code>fuseki-server --mem /DatasetPathName |
| |
| fuseki-server --file=FILE /DatasetPathName |
| |
| fuseki-server --loc=DB /DatasetPathName |
| |
| fuseki-server --config=ConfigFile |
| </code></pre> |
| <p>There is an option <code>--port=PORT</code> to set the port number. It |
| defaults to 3030.</p> |
| <p><code>/DatasetPathName</code> is the name under which the dataset will be |
| accessible over HTTP. Please see the above section on Server URI scheme for notes regarding available URIs and choice of this name</p> |
| <p>The server will service read requests only unless the <code>--update</code> |
| argument is used.</p> |
| <p>The full choice of dataset forms is:</p> |
| <p><strong>Fuseki Dataset Descriptions</strong></p> |
| <ul> |
| <li><code>--mem</code> <br /> Create an empty, in-memory (non-persistent) dataset.</li> |
| <li><code>--file=FILE</code> <br /> |
| Create an empty, in-memory (non-persistent) dataset, then load FILE |
| into it.</li> |
| <li><code>--loc=DIR</code> <br />Use an existing TDB database. Create an empty one if it does not |
| exist.</li> |
| <li><code>--desc=assemblerFile</code> <br /> Construct a dataset based on the general assembler description.</li> |
| <li><code>--config=ConfigFile</code> <br /> Construct one or more service endpoints based on the |
| <a href="#fuseki-configuration-file">configuration description</a>.</li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>A copy of TDB is included in the standalone server. An example |
| assembler file for TDB is in tdb.ttl.</p> |
| <p><strong>Fuseki Server Arguments</strong></p> |
| <ul> |
| <li><code>--help</code> <br /> Print help message.</li> |
| <li><code>--port=*number*</code> <br /> Run on port <em>number</em> (default is 3030).</li> |
| <li><code>--localhost</code> <br /> Listen only to the localhost network interface.</li> |
| <li><code>--update</code> <br /> Allow update. Otherwise only read requests are served (ignored if a configuration file is given).</li> |
| </ul> |
| <h2 id="fuseki-server-starting-with-an-empty-dataset">Fuseki Server starting with an empty dataset</h2> |
| <pre><code>fuseki-server --update --mem /ds |
| </code></pre> |
| <p>runs the server on port 3030 with an in-memory dataset. It can be |
| accessed via the appropriate protocol at the following URLs:</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>SPARQL query: <code>http://localhost:3030/ds/query</code></li> |
| <li>SPARQL update: <code>http://localhost:3030/ds/update</code></li> |
| <li>SPARQL HTTP update: <code>http://localhost:3030/ds/data</code></li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>The <a href="/documentation/fuseki2/soh.html">SPARQL Over HTTP</a> scripts take care of naming |
| and protocol details. For example, to load in a file <code>data.rdf</code>:</p> |
| <pre><code> s-put http://localhost:3030/ds/data default data.rdf |
| </code></pre> |
| <h2 id="fuseki-server-and-tdb">Fuseki Server and TDB</h2> |
| <p>Fuseki includes a built-in version of TDB. Run the server with the |
| <code>--desc</code> argument</p> |
| <pre><code>fuseki-server --desc tdb.ttl /ds |
| </code></pre> |
| <p>and a database in the directory DB, an assembler description of:</p> |
| <pre><code>@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . |
| @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . |
| @prefix ja: <http://jena.hpl.hp.com/2005/11/Assembler#> . |
| @prefix tdb: <http://jena.hpl.hp.com/2008/tdb#> . |
| |
| <#dataset> rdf:type tdb:DatasetTDB ; |
| tdb:location "DB" ; |
| . |
| </code></pre> |
| <p>The form:</p> |
| <pre><code>fuseki-server --loc=DB /ds |
| </code></pre> |
| <p>is a shorthand for such an assembler with location <code>DB</code>.</p> |
| <p>To make triples from all the named graphs appear as the default, |
| unnamed graph, use:</p> |
| <pre><code><#dataset> rdf:type tdb:DatasetTDB ; |
| tdb:location "DB" ; |
| tdb:unionDefaultGraph true ; |
| . |
| </code></pre> |
| <h2 id="fuseki-server-and-general-dataset-descriptions">Fuseki Server and general dataset descriptions</h2> |
| <p>The Fuseki server can be given an |
| <a href="/documentation/assembler/">assembler description</a> |
| to build a variety of model and datasets types.</p> |
| <pre><code>fuseki-server --desc assembler.ttl /ds |
| </code></pre> |
| <p>Full details of setting up models assembler is given in the |
| <a href="/documentation/assembler/">assembler documentation</a> and <a href="/documentation/assembler/assembler-howto.html">assembler howto</a>.</p> |
| <p>A general dataset is described by:</p> |
| <pre><code># Dataset of default graph and one named graph. |
| <#dataset> rdf:type ja:RDFDataset ; |
| ja:defaultGraph <#modelDft> ; |
| ja:namedGraph |
| [ ja:graphName <http://example.org/name1> ; |
| ja:graph <#model1> ] ; |
| . |
| |
| <#modelDft> a ja:MemoryModel ; |
| ja:content [ ja:externalContent <file:Data.ttl> . |
| |
| <#model1> rdf:type ja:MemoryModel ; |
| ja:content [ ja:externalContent <file:FILE-1.ttl> ] ; |
| ja:content [ ja:externalContent <file:FILE-2.ttl> ] ; |
| . |
| </code></pre> |
| <p>The models can be |
| <a href="/documentation/inference/">Jena inference models</a>.</p> |
| <h2 id="fuseki-configuration-file">Fuseki Configuration File</h2> |
| <p>A Fuseki server can be set up using a configuration file. The |
| command-line arguments for publishing a single dataset are a short |
| cut that, internally, builds a default configuration based on the |
| dataset name given.</p> |
| <p>The configuration is an RDF graph. One graph consists of one server |
| description, with a number of services, and each service offers a |
| number of endpoints over a dataset.</p> |
| <p>The example below is all one file (RDF graph in Turtle syntax) |
| split to allow for commentary.</p> |
| <h3 id="prefix-declarations">Prefix declarations</h3> |
| <p>Some useful prefix declarations:</p> |
| <pre><code>@prefix fuseki: <http://jena.apache.org/fuseki#> . |
| @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . |
| @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . |
| @prefix tdb: <http://jena.hpl.hp.com/2008/tdb#> . |
| @prefix ja: <http://jena.hpl.hp.com/2005/11/Assembler#> . |
| @prefix : <#> . |
| </code></pre> |
| <h3 id="server-section">Server Section</h3> |
| <p>Order of the file does not matter to the machine, but it’s useful |
| to start with the server description, then each of the services |
| with its datasets.</p> |
| <pre><code>[] rdf:type fuseki:Server ; |
| # Server-wide context parameters can be given here. |
| # For example, to set query timeouts: on a server-wide basis: |
| # Format 1: "1000" -- 1 second timeout |
| # Format 2: "10000,60000" -- 10s timeout to first result, then 60s timeout to for rest of query. |
| # See java doc for ARQ.queryTimeout |
| # ja:context [ ja:cxtName "arq:queryTimeout" ; ja:cxtValue "10000" ] ; |
| |
| # Services available. Only explicitly listed services are configured. |
| # If there is a service description not linked from this list, it is ignored. |
| fuseki:services ( |
| <#service1> |
| <#service2> |
| ) . |
| </code></pre> |
| <h3 id="assembler-initialization">Assembler Initialization</h3> |
| <p>All datasets are described by |
| <a href="../assembler/index.html">assembler descriptions</a>. |
| Assemblers provide an extensible way of describing many kinds of |
| objects. Set up any assembler extensions - here, the TDB assembler |
| support.</p> |
| <h3 id="service-1">Service 1</h3> |
| <p>This service offers SPARQL Query, SPARQL Update and SPARQL Graph |
| Store protocol, as well as file upload, on an in-memory dataset. |
| Initially, the dataset is empty.</p> |
| <pre><code>## --------------------------------------------------------------- |
| ## Updatable in-memory dataset. |
| |
| <#service1> rdf:type fuseki:Service ; |
| fuseki:name "ds" ; # http://host:port/ds |
| fuseki:serviceQuery "query" ; # SPARQL query service |
| fuseki:serviceQuery "sparql" ; # SPARQL query service |
| fuseki:serviceUpdate "update" ; # SPARQL query service |
| fuseki:serviceUpload "upload" ; # Non-SPARQL upload service |
| fuseki:serviceReadWriteGraphStore "data" ; # SPARQL Graph store protocol (read and write) |
| # A separate read-only graph store endpoint: |
| fuseki:serviceReadGraphStore "get" ; # SPARQL Graph store protocol (read only) |
| fuseki:dataset <#dataset-mem> ; |
| . |
| |
| <#dataset-mem> rdf:type ja:RDFDataset . |
| </code></pre> |
| <h3 id="service-2">Service 2</h3> |
| <p>This service offers a number of endpoints. It is read-only, because |
| only read-only endpoints are defined (SPARQL Query and HTTP GET |
| SPARQl Graph Store protocol). The dataset is a single in-memory |
| graph:</p> |
| <p>This service offers read-only access to a dataset with a single |
| graph of data.</p> |
| <pre><code><#service2> rdf:type fuseki:Service ; |
| fuseki:name "books" ; # http://host:port/books |
| fuseki:serviceQuery "query" ; # SPARQL query service |
| fuseki:serviceReadGraphStore "data" ; # SPARQL Graph store protocol (read only) |
| fuseki:dataset <#books> ; |
| . |
| |
| <#books> rdf:type ja:RDFDataset ; |
| rdfs:label "Books" ; |
| ja:defaultGraph |
| [ rdfs:label "books.ttl" ; |
| a ja:MemoryModel ; |
| ja:content [ja:externalContent <file:Data/books.ttl> ] ; |
| ] ; |
| . |
| </code></pre> |
| <h3 id="service-3">Service 3</h3> |
| <p>This service offers SPARQL query access only to a TDB database. The |
| TDB database can have specific features set, such as query timeout |
| or making the default graph the union of all named graphs.</p> |
| <pre><code><#service3> rdf:type fuseki:Service ; |
| fuseki:name "tdb" ; # http://host:port/tdb |
| fuseki:serviceQuery "sparql" ; # SPARQL query service |
| fuseki:dataset <#dataset> ; |
| . |
| |
| <#dataset> rdf:type tdb:DatasetTDB ; |
| tdb:location "DB" ; |
| # Query timeout on this dataset (1s, 1000 milliseconds) |
| ja:context [ ja:cxtName "arq:queryTimeout" ; ja:cxtValue "1000" ] ; |
| # Make the default graph be the union of all named graphs. |
| ## tdb:unionDefaultGraph true ; |
| . |
| </code></pre> |
| <h2 id="sparql-over-http">SPARQL Over HTTP</h2> |
| <p><strong>SOH</strong> (SPARQL Over HTTP) is a set of command-line scripts for |
| working with SPARQL 1.1. SOH is server-independent and will work |
| with any compliant SPARQL 1.1 system offering HTTP access.</p> |
| <p>See the <a href="/documentation/fuseki2/soh.html">SPARQL Over HTTP</a> page.</p> |
| <h3 id="examples">Examples</h3> |
| <pre><code># PUT a file |
| s-put http://localhost:3030/ds/data default D.nt |
| |
| # GET a file |
| s-get http://localhost:3030/ds/data default |
| |
| # PUT a file to a named graph |
| s-put http://localhost:3030/ds/data http://example/graph D.nt |
| |
| # Query |
| s-query --service http://localhost:3030/ds/query 'SELECT * {?s ?p ?o}' |
| |
| # Update |
| s-update --service http://localhost:3030/ds/update --file=update.ru |
| </code></pre> |
| <h2 id="use-from-java">Use from Java</h2> |
| <h3 id="sparql-query">SPARQL Query</h3> |
| <p>ARQ’s <code>QueryExecutionFactory.sparqlService</code> can be used.</p> |
| <h3 id="sparql-update">SPARQL Update</h3> |
| <p>See <code>UpdateExecutionFactory.createRemote</code></p> |
| <h3 id="sparql-http">SPARQL HTTP</h3> |
| <p>See <code>DatasetAccessor</code></p> |
| |
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