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| James 2.3 - The SpoolManager, Matchers, and Mailets</title> |
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| Last Published: 09/02/2009 |
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| <a name="The SpoolManager, Matchers, and Mailets"></a><div class="section"><h2>The SpoolManager, Matchers, and Mailets</h2> |
| |
| <p>James separates the services that deliver mail to James (i.e. SMTP, FetchMail) |
| from the engine that processes mail after it is received by James. The |
| SpoolManager component is James' mail processing engine. James' SpoolManager component |
| is a Mailet container. It is these mailets and matchers that actually carry out mail processing.</p> |
| |
| <p>Core to the SpoolManager operation are Matchers and Mailets. A Matcher is a |
| simple object that checks whether a mail message matches a particular condition. |
| A mailet is another type object that processes an email message in some way. Some |
| typical tasks appropriate for a mailet would be adding a header, delivering the message |
| to a local repository, or handling remote delivery. Both the Matcher and Mailet APIs are |
| public, allowing James users to write their own custom matchers and mailets. James |
| comes with a large set of pre-built matchers and mailets.</p> |
| |
| <p>Matchers and mailets are used in pairs. At each stage in processing a message is checked |
| against a matcher. The matcher will attempt to match the mail message. The match is not simply |
| a yes or no issue. Instead, the match method returns a collection of matched recipients. If the |
| this collection of matched recipients is empty, the mailet is not invoked. If the collection of |
| matched recipients is the entire set of original recipients, the mail is then processed by the |
| associated mailet. Finally, if the matcher only matches a proper subset of the original recipients, |
| the original mail is duplicated. The recipients for one message are set to the matched recipients, |
| and that message is processed by the mailet. The recipients for the other mail are set to the |
| non-matching recipients, and that message is not processed by the mailet.</p> |
| |
| <p>More on matchers and mailets can be found <a href="mailet_api.html">here</a>.</p> |
| |
| <p>One level up from the matchers and mailets are the processors. Each processor |
| is a list of matcher/mailet pairs. During mail processing, mail messages will be |
| processed by each pair, in order. In most cases, the message will be processed by |
| all the pairs in the processor. However, it is possible for a mailet to change the |
| state of the mail message so it is immediately directed to another processor, and no |
| additional processing occurs in the current processor. Typically this occurs when the mailet wants to prevent |
| future processing of this message (i.e. the mail message has been delivered locally, |
| and hence requires no further processing) or when the mail message has been identified |
| as a candidate for special processing (i.e. the message is spam and thus should be |
| routed to the spam processor). Because of this redirection, the processors in the |
| SpoolManager form a tree. The root processor, which must be present, is the root of |
| this tree.</p> |
| |
| <p>The SpoolManager continually checks for mail in the spool repository. When |
| mail is first found in the repository, it is delivered to the root processor. |
| Mail can be placed on this spool from a number of sources (SMTP, FetchPOP, a |
| custom component). This spool repository is also used for storage of mail that is |
| being redirected from one processor to another. Mail messages are driven through |
| the processor tree until they reach the end of a processor or are marked completed |
| by a mailet.</p> |
| |
| <p>More on configuration of the SpoolManager can be found <a href="spoolmanager_configuration.html">here</a>.</p> |
| |
| <p>Much of the power of James lies in the SpoolManager component. Custom matchers and |
| mailets can be easily developed to address an administrator's particular needs. The |
| processor tree can easily be configured to sort, filter, and deliver mail based on any |
| number of criteria. Mail administrators new to James should spend some time learning how |
| to configure the SpoolManager to meet their needs.</p> |
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