Optimize TsTable with Copy-on-Write pattern for thread-safe concurrent access (#17069)

* Optimize TsTable with Copy-on-Write pattern for thread-safe concurrent access

- Change columnSchemaMap, tagColumnIndexMap, and idColumnIndexMap from final to volatile
- Implement Copy-on-Write in executeWrite method:
  1. Create local copies of maps before modification
  2. Execute write operations on local copies
  3. Atomically update class fields after write completes
- Add WriteOperation functional interface to pass map copies to write operations
- Add executeWriteWithTransform for efficient single-pass transformation during copy
- Optimize renameColumnSchema to preserve column order with single-pass copy
- This ensures readers see either complete old data or complete new data, avoiding ConcurrentModificationException

* fix

* fix

* fix

* Revert "fix"

This reverts commit 2155558217aabe2a0dd7dc09e85c569597d38b9f.

* Revert "fix"

This reverts commit 7e798b1ba71365cc7ad8a76c5e83122ead6a3744.

* Revert "fix"

This reverts commit 9b221b192be5ecf73fb4bd23ec2a7d3009888bfd.

* Revert "Optimize TsTable with Copy-on-Write pattern for thread-safe concurrent access"

This reverts commit 3eeaf83f3dc3c32ee944daf3f7ff9b456e88b29e.

* fix

iotdb-core/datanode/src/main/java/org/apache/iotdb/db/schemaengine/table/DataNodeTableCache.java

diff --git a/iotdb-core/datanode/src/main/java/org/apache/iotdb/db/schemaengine/table/DataNodeTableCache.java b/iotdb-core/datanode/src/main/java/org/apache/iotdb/db/schemaengine/table/DataNodeTableCache.java
index 9beab9b..64fa5f3 100644
--- a/iotdb-core/datanode/src/main/java/org/apache/iotdb/db/schemaengine/table/DataNodeTableCache.java
+++ b/iotdb-core/datanode/src/main/java/org/apache/iotdb/db/schemaengine/table/DataNodeTableCache.java
@@ -288,13 +288,17 @@
     try {
       if (databaseTableMap.containsKey(database)
           && databaseTableMap.get(database).containsKey(tableName)) {
-        databaseTableMap.get(database).get(tableName).removeColumnSchema(columnName);
+        final TsTable copyTable = new TsTable(databaseTableMap.get(database).get(tableName));
+        copyTable.removeColumnSchema(columnName);
+        databaseTableMap.get(database).put(tableName, copyTable);
       }
       if (preUpdateTableMap.containsKey(database)
           && preUpdateTableMap.get(database).containsKey(tableName)) {
         final Pair<TsTable, Long> tableVersionPair = preUpdateTableMap.get(database).get(tableName);
         if (Objects.nonNull(tableVersionPair.getLeft())) {
-          tableVersionPair.getLeft().removeColumnSchema(columnName);
+          final TsTable copyTable = new TsTable(tableVersionPair.getLeft());
+          copyTable.removeColumnSchema(columnName);
+          tableVersionPair.setLeft(copyTable);
         }
         tableVersionPair.setRight(tableVersionPair.getRight() + 1);
       }