iotdb-client/client-cpp/src/session/Session.cpp

/**
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */

#include "Session.h"
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstring>
#include <memory>
#include <stack>
#include <time.h>
#include <future>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <thrift/transport/TTransportException.h>
#include "SessionImpl.h"
#include "SessionDataSet.h"
#include "ThriftConvert.h"

using apache::thrift::transport::TTransportException;

using namespace std;

/**
* Timeout of query can be set by users.
* A negative number means using the default configuration of server.
* And value 0 will disable the function of query timeout.
*/
static const int64_t QUERY_TIMEOUT_MS = -1;

TSDataType::TSDataType getTSDataTypeFromString(const string& str) {
  // BOOLEAN, INT32, INT64, FLOAT, DOUBLE, TEXT, STRING, BLOB, TIMESTAMP, DATE, NULLTYPE
  if (str == "BOOLEAN") {
    return TSDataType::BOOLEAN;
  } else if (str == "INT32") {
    return TSDataType::INT32;
  } else if (str == "INT64") {
    return TSDataType::INT64;
  } else if (str == "FLOAT") {
    return TSDataType::FLOAT;
  } else if (str == "DOUBLE") {
    return TSDataType::DOUBLE;
  } else if (str == "TEXT") {
    return TSDataType::TEXT;
  } else if (str == "TIMESTAMP") {
    return TSDataType::TIMESTAMP;
  } else if (str == "DATE") {
    return TSDataType::DATE;
  } else if (str == "BLOB") {
    return TSDataType::BLOB;
  } else if (str == "STRING") {
    return TSDataType::STRING;
  } else if (str == "OBJECT") {
    return TSDataType::OBJECT;
  }
  return TSDataType::UNKNOWN;
}

Tablet::Tablet(const std::string& deviceId,
               const std::vector<std::pair<std::string, TSDataType::TSDataType>>& schemas,
               const std::vector<ColumnCategory> columnTypes, size_t maxRowNumber, bool isAligned,
               WithoutValueColumnsTag)
    : deviceId(deviceId), schemas(schemas), columnTypes(columnTypes), maxRowNumber(maxRowNumber),
      isAligned(isAligned) {
  timestamps.resize(maxRowNumber);
  values.resize(schemas.size(), nullptr);
  tagColumnIndexes.clear();
  for (size_t i = 0; i < columnTypes.size(); i++) {
    if (columnTypes[i] == ColumnCategory::TAG) {
      tagColumnIndexes.push_back(static_cast<int>(i));
    }
  }
  bitMaps.resize(schemas.size());
  for (size_t i = 0; i < schemas.size(); i++) {
    bitMaps[i].resize(maxRowNumber);
  }
  schemaNameIndex.clear();
  for (size_t i = 0; i < schemas.size(); i++) {
    schemaNameIndex[schemas[i].first] = i;
  }
  rowSize = 0;
}

std::shared_ptr<Tablet> Tablet::createWithoutValueColumns(
    const std::string& deviceId,
    const std::vector<std::pair<std::string, TSDataType::TSDataType>>& schemas,
    const std::vector<ColumnCategory>& columnTypes, size_t maxRowNumber, bool isAligned) {
  return std::shared_ptr<Tablet>(new Tablet(deviceId, schemas, columnTypes, maxRowNumber, isAligned,
                                            WithoutValueColumnsTag{}));
}

void Tablet::createColumns() {
  for (size_t i = 0; i < schemas.size(); i++) {
    TSDataType::TSDataType dataType = schemas[i].second;
    switch (dataType) {
    case TSDataType::BOOLEAN:
      values[i] = new bool[maxRowNumber];
      break;
    case TSDataType::DATE:
      values[i] = new IoTDBDate[maxRowNumber];
      break;
    case TSDataType::INT32:
      values[i] = new int[maxRowNumber];
      break;
    case TSDataType::TIMESTAMP:
    case TSDataType::INT64:
      values[i] = new int64_t[maxRowNumber];
      break;
    case TSDataType::FLOAT:
      values[i] = new float[maxRowNumber];
      break;
    case TSDataType::DOUBLE:
      values[i] = new double[maxRowNumber];
      break;
    case TSDataType::STRING:
    case TSDataType::BLOB:
    case TSDataType::OBJECT:
    case TSDataType::TEXT:
      values[i] = new string[maxRowNumber];
      break;
    default:
      throw UnSupportedDataTypeException(string("Data type ") + to_string(dataType) +
                                         " is not supported.");
    }
  }
}

void Tablet::deleteColumns() {
  for (size_t i = 0; i < schemas.size(); i++) {
    if (!values[i])
      continue;
    TSDataType::TSDataType dataType = schemas[i].second;
    switch (dataType) {
    case TSDataType::BOOLEAN: {
      bool* valueBuf = (bool*)(values[i]);
      delete[] valueBuf;
      break;
    }
    case TSDataType::INT32: {
      int* valueBuf = (int*)(values[i]);
      delete[] valueBuf;
      break;
    }
    case TSDataType::DATE: {
      IoTDBDate* valueBuf = (IoTDBDate*)(values[i]);
      delete[] valueBuf;
      break;
    }
    case TSDataType::TIMESTAMP:
    case TSDataType::INT64: {
      int64_t* valueBuf = (int64_t*)(values[i]);
      delete[] valueBuf;
      break;
    }
    case TSDataType::FLOAT: {
      float* valueBuf = (float*)(values[i]);
      delete[] valueBuf;
      break;
    }
    case TSDataType::DOUBLE: {
      double* valueBuf = (double*)(values[i]);
      delete[] valueBuf;
      break;
    }
    case TSDataType::STRING:
    case TSDataType::BLOB:
    case TSDataType::OBJECT:
    case TSDataType::TEXT: {
      string* valueBuf = (string*)(values[i]);
      delete[] valueBuf;
      break;
    }
    default:
      throw UnSupportedDataTypeException(string("Data type ") + to_string(dataType) +
                                         " is not supported.");
    }
    values[i] = nullptr;
  }
}

void Tablet::deepCopyTabletColValue(void* const* srcPtr, void** destPtr,
                                    TSDataType::TSDataType type, int maxRowNumber) {
  void* src = *srcPtr;
  switch (type) {
  case TSDataType::BOOLEAN:
    *destPtr = new bool[maxRowNumber];
    memcpy(*destPtr, src, maxRowNumber * sizeof(bool));
    break;
  case TSDataType::INT32:
    *destPtr = new int32_t[maxRowNumber];
    memcpy(*destPtr, src, maxRowNumber * sizeof(int32_t));
    break;
  case TSDataType::INT64:
  case TSDataType::TIMESTAMP:
    *destPtr = new int64_t[maxRowNumber];
    memcpy(*destPtr, src, maxRowNumber * sizeof(int64_t));
    break;
  case TSDataType::FLOAT:
    *destPtr = new float[maxRowNumber];
    memcpy(*destPtr, src, maxRowNumber * sizeof(float));
    break;
  case TSDataType::DOUBLE:
    *destPtr = new double[maxRowNumber];
    memcpy(*destPtr, src, maxRowNumber * sizeof(double));
    break;
  case TSDataType::DATE: {
    *destPtr = new IoTDBDate[maxRowNumber];
    IoTDBDate* srcDate = static_cast<IoTDBDate*>(src);
    IoTDBDate* destDate = static_cast<IoTDBDate*>(*destPtr);
    for (size_t j = 0; j < maxRowNumber; ++j) {
      destDate[j] = srcDate[j];
    }
    break;
  }
  case TSDataType::STRING:
  case TSDataType::TEXT:
  case TSDataType::OBJECT:
  case TSDataType::BLOB: {
    *destPtr = new std::string[maxRowNumber];
    std::string* srcStr = static_cast<std::string*>(src);
    std::string* destStr = static_cast<std::string*>(*destPtr);
    for (size_t j = 0; j < maxRowNumber; ++j) {
      destStr[j] = srcStr[j];
    }
    break;
  }
  default:
    break;
  }
}

void Tablet::reset() {
  rowSize = 0;
  for (size_t i = 0; i < schemas.size(); i++) {
    bitMaps[i].reset();
  }
}

size_t Tablet::getTimeBytesSize() {
  return rowSize * 8;
}

size_t Tablet::getValueByteSize() {
  size_t valueOccupation = 0;
  for (size_t i = 0; i < schemas.size(); i++) {
    switch (schemas[i].second) {
    case TSDataType::BOOLEAN:
      valueOccupation += rowSize;
      break;
    case TSDataType::INT32:
      valueOccupation += rowSize * 4;
      break;
    case TSDataType::DATE:
      valueOccupation += rowSize * 4;
      break;
    case TSDataType::TIMESTAMP:
    case TSDataType::INT64:
      valueOccupation += rowSize * 8;
      break;
    case TSDataType::FLOAT:
      valueOccupation += rowSize * 4;
      break;
    case TSDataType::DOUBLE:
      valueOccupation += rowSize * 8;
      break;
    case TSDataType::STRING:
    case TSDataType::BLOB:
    case TSDataType::OBJECT:
    case TSDataType::TEXT: {
      valueOccupation += rowSize * 4;
      string* valueBuf = (string*)(values[i]);
      for (size_t j = 0; j < rowSize; j++) {
        valueOccupation += valueBuf[j].size();
      }
      break;
    }
    default:
      throw UnSupportedDataTypeException(string("Data type ") + to_string(schemas[i].second) +
                                         " is not supported.");
    }
  }
  return valueOccupation;
}

void Tablet::setAligned(bool isAligned) {
  this->isAligned = isAligned;
}

std::shared_ptr<storage::IDeviceID> Tablet::getDeviceID(int row) {
  std::vector<std::string> deviceIdSegments(tagColumnIndexes.size() + 1);
  size_t deviceIdSegmentIndex = 0;
  deviceIdSegments[deviceIdSegmentIndex++] = this->deviceId;
  for (auto tagColumnIndex : tagColumnIndexes) {
    void* strPtr = getValue(tagColumnIndex, row, TSDataType::TEXT);
    deviceIdSegments[deviceIdSegmentIndex++] = *static_cast<std::string*>(strPtr);
  }
  return std::make_shared<storage::StringArrayDeviceID>(deviceIdSegments);
}

string SessionUtils::getTime(const Tablet& tablet) {
  MyStringBuffer timeBuffer;
  unsigned int n = 8u * tablet.rowSize;
  if (n > timeBuffer.str.capacity()) {
    timeBuffer.reserve(n);
  }

  for (size_t i = 0; i < tablet.rowSize; i++) {
    timeBuffer.putInt64(tablet.timestamps[i]);
  }
  return timeBuffer.str;
}

string SessionUtils::getValue(const Tablet& tablet) {
  MyStringBuffer valueBuffer;
  unsigned int n = 8u * tablet.schemas.size() * tablet.rowSize;
  if (n > valueBuffer.str.capacity()) {
    valueBuffer.reserve(n);
  }
  for (size_t i = 0; i < tablet.schemas.size(); i++) {
    TSDataType::TSDataType dataType = tablet.schemas[i].second;
    const BitMap& bitMap = tablet.bitMaps[i];
    switch (dataType) {
    case TSDataType::BOOLEAN: {
      bool* valueBuf = (bool*)(tablet.values[i]);
      for (size_t index = 0; index < tablet.rowSize; index++) {
        if (!bitMap.isMarked(index)) {
          valueBuffer.putBool(valueBuf[index]);
        } else {
          valueBuffer.putBool(false);
        }
      }
      break;
    }
    case TSDataType::INT32: {
      int* valueBuf = (int*)(tablet.values[i]);
      for (size_t index = 0; index < tablet.rowSize; index++) {
        if (!bitMap.isMarked(index)) {
          valueBuffer.putInt(valueBuf[index]);
        } else {
          valueBuffer.putInt((numeric_limits<int32_t>::min)());
        }
      }
      break;
    }
    case TSDataType::DATE: {
      IoTDBDate* valueBuf = (IoTDBDate*)(tablet.values[i]);
      for (size_t index = 0; index < tablet.rowSize; index++) {
        if (!bitMap.isMarked(index)) {
          valueBuffer.putDate(valueBuf[index]);
        } else {
          valueBuffer.putInt(EMPTY_DATE_INT);
        }
      }
      break;
    }
    case TSDataType::TIMESTAMP:
    case TSDataType::INT64: {
      int64_t* valueBuf = (int64_t*)(tablet.values[i]);
      for (size_t index = 0; index < tablet.rowSize; index++) {
        if (!bitMap.isMarked(index)) {
          valueBuffer.putInt64(valueBuf[index]);
        } else {
          valueBuffer.putInt64((numeric_limits<int64_t>::min)());
        }
      }
      break;
    }
    case TSDataType::FLOAT: {
      float* valueBuf = (float*)(tablet.values[i]);
      for (size_t index = 0; index < tablet.rowSize; index++) {
        if (!bitMap.isMarked(index)) {
          valueBuffer.putFloat(valueBuf[index]);
        } else {
          valueBuffer.putFloat((numeric_limits<float>::min)());
        }
      }
      break;
    }
    case TSDataType::DOUBLE: {
      double* valueBuf = (double*)(tablet.values[i]);
      for (size_t index = 0; index < tablet.rowSize; index++) {
        if (!bitMap.isMarked(index)) {
          valueBuffer.putDouble(valueBuf[index]);
        } else {
          valueBuffer.putDouble((numeric_limits<double>::min)());
        }
      }
      break;
    }
    case TSDataType::STRING:
    case TSDataType::BLOB:
    case TSDataType::OBJECT:
    case TSDataType::TEXT: {
      string* valueBuf = (string*)(tablet.values[i]);
      for (size_t index = 0; index < tablet.rowSize; index++) {
        if (!bitMap.isMarked(index)) {
          valueBuffer.putString(valueBuf[index]);
        } else {
          valueBuffer.putString("");
        }
      }
      break;
    }
    default:
      throw UnSupportedDataTypeException(string("Data type ") + to_string(dataType) +
                                         " is not supported.");
    }
  }
  for (size_t i = 0; i < tablet.schemas.size(); i++) {
    const BitMap& bitMap = tablet.bitMaps[i];
    bool columnHasNull = !bitMap.isAllUnmarked();
    valueBuffer.putChar(columnHasNull ? (char)1 : (char)0);
    if (columnHasNull) {
      const vector<char>& bytes = bitMap.getByteArray();
      for (size_t index = 0; index < tablet.rowSize / 8 + 1; index++) {
        valueBuffer.putChar(bytes[index]);
      }
    }
  }
  return valueBuffer.str;
}

bool SessionUtils::isTabletContainsSingleDevice(Tablet tablet) {
  if (tablet.rowSize == 1) {
    return true;
  }
  auto firstDeviceId = tablet.getDeviceID(0);
  for (int i = 1; i < tablet.rowSize; ++i) {
    if (*firstDeviceId != *tablet.getDeviceID(i)) {
      return false;
    }
  }
  return true;
}

static bool isColumnAllNull(const BitMap& bitMap, size_t rowSize) {
  if (rowSize == 0) {
    return false;
  }
  // BitMap is sized to maxRowNumber; only [0, rowSize) are active rows.
  return bitMap.isRangeAllMarked(0, rowSize);
}

std::shared_ptr<const Tablet> SessionUtils::filterNullColumns(const Tablet& tablet) {
  const size_t columnCount = tablet.schemas.size();
  if (columnCount == 0 || tablet.bitMaps.size() < columnCount) {
    return std::shared_ptr<const Tablet>(&tablet, [](const Tablet*) {});
  }

  std::vector<size_t> keptIndices;
  keptIndices.reserve(columnCount);

  for (size_t i = 0; i < columnCount; i++) {
    ColumnCategory category =
        i < tablet.columnTypes.size() ? tablet.columnTypes[i] : ColumnCategory::FIELD;
    bool isField = category == ColumnCategory::FIELD;
    bool drop = isField && isColumnAllNull(tablet.bitMaps[i], tablet.rowSize);
    if (drop) {
      continue;
    }
    keptIndices.push_back(i);
  }

  if (keptIndices.size() == columnCount) {
    return std::shared_ptr<const Tablet>(&tablet, [](const Tablet*) {});
  }
  if (keptIndices.empty()) {
    return nullptr;
  }

  std::vector<std::pair<std::string, TSDataType::TSDataType>> keptSchemas;
  std::vector<ColumnCategory> keptColumnTypes;
  keptSchemas.reserve(keptIndices.size());
  keptColumnTypes.reserve(keptIndices.size());
  for (size_t idx : keptIndices) {
    keptSchemas.push_back(tablet.schemas[idx]);
    keptColumnTypes.push_back(idx < tablet.columnTypes.size() ? tablet.columnTypes[idx]
                                                              : ColumnCategory::FIELD);
  }

  auto filteredOut = Tablet::createWithoutValueColumns(
      tablet.deviceId, keptSchemas, keptColumnTypes, tablet.maxRowNumber, tablet.isAligned);
  filteredOut->timestamps = tablet.timestamps;
  filteredOut->rowSize = tablet.rowSize;
  for (size_t ni = 0; ni < keptIndices.size(); ni++) {
    size_t oi = keptIndices[ni];
    Tablet::deepCopyTabletColValue(&tablet.values[oi], &filteredOut->values[ni],
                                   keptSchemas[ni].second, static_cast<int>(tablet.maxRowNumber));
    filteredOut->bitMaps[ni] = tablet.bitMaps[oi];
  }
  return filteredOut;
}

string MeasurementNode::serialize() const {
  MyStringBuffer buffer;
  buffer.putString(getName());
  buffer.putChar(getDataType());
  buffer.putChar(getEncoding());
  buffer.putChar(getCompressionType());
  return buffer.str;
}

string Template::serialize() const {
  MyStringBuffer buffer;
  std::stack<std::pair<std::string, std::shared_ptr<TemplateNode>>> nodeStack;
  unordered_set<string> alignedPrefix;
  buffer.putString(getName());
  buffer.putBool(isAligned());
  if (isAligned()) {
    alignedPrefix.emplace("");
  }

  for (const auto& child : children_) {
    nodeStack.push(make_pair("", child.second));
  }

  while (!nodeStack.empty()) {
    auto cur = nodeStack.top();
    nodeStack.pop();

    string prefix = cur.first;
    shared_ptr<TemplateNode> cur_node_ptr = cur.second;
    string fullPath(prefix);

    if (!cur_node_ptr->isMeasurement()) {
      if (!prefix.empty()) {
        fullPath.append(".");
      }
      fullPath.append(cur_node_ptr->getName());
      if (cur_node_ptr->isAligned()) {
        alignedPrefix.emplace(fullPath);
      }
      for (const auto& child : cur_node_ptr->getChildren()) {
        nodeStack.push(make_pair(fullPath, child.second));
      }
    } else {
      buffer.putString(prefix);
      buffer.putBool(alignedPrefix.find(prefix) != alignedPrefix.end());
      buffer.concat(cur_node_ptr->serialize());
    }
  }

  return buffer.str;
}

Session::Session(const std::string& host, int rpcPort) : impl_(new Impl()) {
  impl_->username_ = "root";
  impl_->password_ = "root";
  impl_->version = Version::V_1_0;
  impl_->host_ = host;
  impl_->rpcPort_ = rpcPort;
  impl_->initZoneId();
}

Session::Session(const std::vector<std::string>& nodeUrls, const std::string& username,
                 const std::string& password)
    : impl_(new Impl()) {
  impl_->nodeUrls_ = nodeUrls;
  impl_->username_ = username;
  impl_->password_ = password;
  impl_->version = Version::V_1_0;
  impl_->initZoneId();
}

Session::Session(const std::string& host, int rpcPort, const std::string& username,
                 const std::string& password)
    : impl_(new Impl()) {
  impl_->host_ = host;
  impl_->rpcPort_ = rpcPort;
  impl_->username_ = username;
  impl_->password_ = password;
  impl_->fetchSize_ = iotdb::session::DEFAULT_FETCH_SIZE;
  impl_->version = Version::V_1_0;
  impl_->initZoneId();
}

Session::Session(const std::string& host, int rpcPort, const std::string& username,
                 const std::string& password, const std::string& zoneId, int fetchSize)
    : impl_(new Impl()) {
  impl_->host_ = host;
  impl_->rpcPort_ = rpcPort;
  impl_->username_ = username;
  impl_->password_ = password;
  impl_->zoneId_ = zoneId;
  impl_->fetchSize_ = fetchSize;
  impl_->version = Version::V_1_0;
  impl_->initZoneId();
}

Session::Session(const std::string& host, const std::string& rpcPort, const std::string& username,
                 const std::string& password, const std::string& zoneId, int fetchSize)
    : impl_(new Impl()) {
  impl_->host_ = host;
  impl_->rpcPort_ = stoi(rpcPort);
  impl_->username_ = username;
  impl_->password_ = password;
  impl_->zoneId_ = zoneId;
  impl_->fetchSize_ = fetchSize;
  impl_->version = Version::V_1_0;
  impl_->initZoneId();
}

Session::Session(AbstractSessionBuilder* builder) : impl_(new Impl()) {
  impl_->host_ = builder->host;
  impl_->rpcPort_ = builder->rpcPort;
  impl_->username_ = builder->username;
  impl_->password_ = builder->password;
  impl_->zoneId_ = builder->zoneId;
  impl_->fetchSize_ = builder->fetchSize;
  impl_->version = Version::V_1_0;
  impl_->sqlDialect_ = builder->sqlDialect;
  impl_->database_ = builder->database;
  impl_->enableAutoFetch_ = builder->enableAutoFetch;
  impl_->enableRedirection_ = builder->enableRedirections;
  impl_->connectTimeoutMs_ = builder->connectTimeoutMs;
  impl_->nodeUrls_ = builder->nodeUrls;
  impl_->sslConfig_ = builder->getSslConfig();
  impl_->initZoneId();
}

void Session::setSqlDialect(const std::string& dialect) {
  impl_->sqlDialect_ = dialect;
}

void Session::setDatabase(const std::string& database) {
  impl_->database_ = database;
}

void Session::setSslConfig(const SslConfig& sslConfig) {
  if (!impl_->isClosed_) {
    throw IoTDBException("SSL configuration cannot be changed after the Session is opened");
  }
  sslConfig.validate();
  impl_->sslConfig_ = sslConfig;
}

std::string Session::getDatabase() {
  return impl_->database_;
}

void Session::changeDatabase(const std::string& database) {
  impl_->database_ = database;
}

/**
 * When delete variable, make sure release all resource.
 */
Session::~Session() {
  try {
    close();
  } catch (const exception& e) {
    log_debug(e.what());
  }
}

void Session::Impl::removeBrokenSessionConnection(shared_ptr<SessionConnection> sessionConnection) {
  if (enableRedirection_) {
    this->endPointToSessionConnection.erase(sessionConnection->getEndPoint());
  }

  auto it1 = deviceIdToEndpoint.begin();
  while (it1 != deviceIdToEndpoint.end()) {
    if (it1->second == sessionConnection->getEndPoint()) {
      it1 = deviceIdToEndpoint.erase(it1);
    } else {
      ++it1;
    }
  }

  auto it2 = tableModelDeviceIdToEndpoint.begin();
  while (it2 != tableModelDeviceIdToEndpoint.end()) {
    if (it2->second == sessionConnection->getEndPoint()) {
      it2 = tableModelDeviceIdToEndpoint.erase(it2);
    } else {
      ++it2;
    }
  }
}

/**
   * check whether the batch has been sorted
   *
   * @return whether the batch has been sorted
   */
bool Session::Impl::checkSorted(const Tablet& tablet) {
  for (size_t i = 1; i < tablet.rowSize; i++) {
    if (tablet.timestamps[i] < tablet.timestamps[i - 1]) {
      return false;
    }
  }
  return true;
}

bool Session::Impl::checkSorted(const vector<int64_t>& times) {
  for (size_t i = 1; i < times.size(); i++) {
    if (times[i] < times[i - 1]) {
      return false;
    }
  }
  return true;
}

template <typename T>
std::vector<T> sortList(const std::vector<T>& valueList, const int* index, int indexLength) {
  std::vector<T> sortedValues(valueList.size());
  for (int i = 0; i < indexLength; i++) {
    sortedValues[i] = valueList[index[i]];
  }
  return sortedValues;
}

template <typename T> void sortValuesList(T* valueList, const int* index, size_t indexLength) {
  T* sortedValues = new T[indexLength];
  for (int i = 0; i < indexLength; i++) {
    sortedValues[i] = valueList[index[i]];
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < indexLength; i++) {
    valueList[i] = sortedValues[i];
  }
  delete[] sortedValues;
}

void Session::Impl::sortTablet(Tablet& tablet) {
  /*
     * following part of code sort the batch data by time,
     * so we can insert continuous data in value list to get a better performance
     */
  // sort to get index, and use index to sort value list
  int* index = new int[tablet.rowSize];
  for (size_t i = 0; i < tablet.rowSize; i++) {
    index[i] = i;
  }

  sortIndexByTimestamp(index, tablet.timestamps, tablet.rowSize);
  tablet.timestamps = sortList(tablet.timestamps, index, tablet.rowSize);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < tablet.schemas.size(); i++) {
    TSDataType::TSDataType dataType = tablet.schemas[i].second;
    switch (dataType) {
    case TSDataType::BOOLEAN: {
      sortValuesList((bool*)(tablet.values[i]), index, tablet.rowSize);
      break;
    }
    case TSDataType::INT32: {
      sortValuesList((int*)(tablet.values[i]), index, tablet.rowSize);
      break;
    }
    case TSDataType::DATE: {
      sortValuesList((IoTDBDate*)(tablet.values[i]), index, tablet.rowSize);
      break;
    }
    case TSDataType::TIMESTAMP:
    case TSDataType::INT64: {
      sortValuesList((int64_t*)(tablet.values[i]), index, tablet.rowSize);
      break;
    }
    case TSDataType::FLOAT: {
      sortValuesList((float*)(tablet.values[i]), index, tablet.rowSize);
      break;
    }
    case TSDataType::DOUBLE: {
      sortValuesList((double*)(tablet.values[i]), index, tablet.rowSize);
      break;
    }
    case TSDataType::STRING:
    case TSDataType::BLOB:
    case TSDataType::OBJECT:
    case TSDataType::TEXT: {
      sortValuesList((string*)(tablet.values[i]), index, tablet.rowSize);
      break;
    }
    default:
      throw UnSupportedDataTypeException(string("Data type ") + to_string(dataType) +
                                         " is not supported.");
    }
  }

  delete[] index;
}

void Session::Impl::sortIndexByTimestamp(int* index, std::vector<int64_t>& timestamps, int length) {
  if (length <= 1) {
    return;
  }

  TsCompare tsCompareObj(timestamps);
  std::sort(&index[0], &index[length], tsCompareObj);
}

/**
 * Append value into buffer in Big Endian order to comply with IoTDB server
 */
void Session::Impl::appendValues(string& buffer, const char* value, int size) {
  static bool hasCheckedEndianFlag = false;
  static bool localCpuIsBigEndian = false;
  if (!hasCheckedEndianFlag) {
    hasCheckedEndianFlag = true;
    int chk = 0x0201; //used to distinguish CPU's type (BigEndian or LittleEndian)
    localCpuIsBigEndian = (0x01 != *(char*)(&chk));
  }

  if (localCpuIsBigEndian) {
    buffer.append(value, size);
  } else {
    for (int i = size - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
      buffer.append(value + i, 1);
    }
  }
}

void Session::Impl::putValuesIntoBuffer(const vector<TSDataType::TSDataType>& types,
                                        const vector<char*>& values, string& buf) {
  int32_t date;
  for (size_t i = 0; i < values.size(); i++) {
    int8_t typeNum = getDataTypeNumber(types[i]);
    buf.append((char*)(&typeNum), sizeof(int8_t));
    switch (types[i]) {
    case TSDataType::BOOLEAN:
      buf.append(values[i], 1);
      break;
    case TSDataType::INT32:
      appendValues(buf, values[i], sizeof(int32_t));
      break;
    case TSDataType::DATE:
      date = parseDateExpressionToInt(*(IoTDBDate*)values[i]);
      appendValues(buf, (char*)&date, sizeof(int32_t));
      break;
    case TSDataType::TIMESTAMP:
    case TSDataType::INT64:
      appendValues(buf, values[i], sizeof(int64_t));
      break;
    case TSDataType::FLOAT:
      appendValues(buf, values[i], sizeof(float));
      break;
    case TSDataType::DOUBLE:
      appendValues(buf, values[i], sizeof(double));
      break;
    case TSDataType::STRING:
    case TSDataType::BLOB:
    case TSDataType::OBJECT:
    case TSDataType::TEXT: {
      int32_t len = (uint32_t)strlen(values[i]);
      appendValues(buf, (char*)(&len), sizeof(uint32_t));
      // no need to change the byte order of string value
      buf.append(values[i], len);
      break;
    }
    default:
      break;
    }
  }
}

int8_t Session::Impl::getDataTypeNumber(TSDataType::TSDataType type) {
  switch (type) {
  case TSDataType::BOOLEAN:
    return 0;
  case TSDataType::INT32:
    return 1;
  case TSDataType::INT64:
    return 2;
  case TSDataType::FLOAT:
    return 3;
  case TSDataType::DOUBLE:
    return 4;
  case TSDataType::TEXT:
    return 5;
  case TSDataType::TIMESTAMP:
    return 8;
  case TSDataType::DATE:
    return 9;
  case TSDataType::BLOB:
    return 10;
  case TSDataType::STRING:
    return 11;
  case TSDataType::OBJECT:
    return 12;
  default:
    return -1;
  }
}

string Session::Impl::getVersionString(Version::Version version) {
  switch (version) {
  case Version::V_0_12:
    return "V_0_12";
  case Version::V_0_13:
    return "V_0_13";
  case Version::V_1_0:
    return "V_1_0";
  default:
    return "V_0_12";
  }
}

void Session::Impl::initZoneId() {
  if (!zoneId_.empty()) {
    return;
  }

  time_t ts = 0;
  struct tm tmv;
#if defined(_WIN64) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
  localtime_s(&tmv, &ts);
#else
  localtime_r(&ts, &tmv);
#endif

  char zoneStr[32];
  strftime(zoneStr, sizeof(zoneStr), "%z", &tmv);
  zoneId_ = zoneStr;
}

void Session::Impl::initNodesSupplier(const std::vector<std::string>& nodeUrls) {
  std::vector<TEndPoint> endPoints;
  std::unordered_set<std::string> uniqueEndpoints;

  if (nodeUrls.empty() && host_.empty()) {
    throw IoTDBException("No available nodes");
  }

  // Process provided node URLs
  if (!nodeUrls.empty()) {
    for (auto& url : nodeUrls) {
      try {
        TEndPoint endPoint = UrlUtils::parseTEndPointIpv4AndIpv6Url(url);
        if (endPoint.port == 0)
          continue; // Skip invalid endpoints

        std::string endpointKey = endPoint.ip + ":" + std::to_string(endPoint.port);
        if (uniqueEndpoints.find(endpointKey) == uniqueEndpoints.end()) {
          endPoints.emplace_back(std::move(endPoint));
          uniqueEndpoints.insert(std::move(endpointKey));
        }
      } catch (...) {
        continue; // Skip malformed URLs
      }
    }
  }

  // Fallback to local endpoint if no valid endpoints found
  if (endPoints.empty()) {
    if (host_.empty() || rpcPort_ == 0) {
      throw IoTDBException("No valid endpoints available");
    }
    TEndPoint endPoint;
    endPoint.__set_ip(host_);
    endPoint.__set_port(rpcPort_);
    endPoints.emplace_back(std::move(endPoint));
  }

  if (enableAutoFetch_) {
    nodesSupplier_ = NodesSupplier::create(endPoints, username_, password_, sslConfig_);
  } else {
    nodesSupplier_ = make_shared<StaticNodesSupplier>(endPoints);
  }
}

void Session::Impl::initDefaultSessionConnection() {
  // Try all endpoints from supplier until a connection is established.
  auto endpoints = nodesSupplier_->getEndPointList();
  bool connected = false;

  for (const auto& endpoint : endpoints) {
    try {
      host_ = endpoint.ip;
      rpcPort_ = endpoint.port;

      defaultEndPoint_.__set_ip(host_);
      defaultEndPoint_.__set_port(rpcPort_);

      defaultSessionConnection_ = std::make_shared<SessionConnection>(
          this, defaultEndPoint_, zoneId_, nodesSupplier_, fetchSize_, 3, 500, connectTimeoutMs_,
          sqlDialect_, database_);

      connected = true;
      break;
    } catch (const IoTDBException& e) {
      log_debug(e.what());
      throw;
    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
      log_warn(e.what());
    }
  }

  if (!connected) {
    throw std::runtime_error("No available node to establish SessionConnection.");
  }
}

void Session::Impl::insertStringRecordsWithLeaderCache(vector<string> deviceIds,
                                                       vector<int64_t> times,
                                                       vector<vector<string>> measurementsList,
                                                       vector<vector<string>> valuesList,
                                                       bool isAligned) {
  std::unordered_map<std::shared_ptr<SessionConnection>, TSInsertStringRecordsReq> recordsGroup;
  for (int i = 0; i < deviceIds.size(); i++) {
    auto connection = getSessionConnection(deviceIds[i]);
    if (recordsGroup.find(connection) == recordsGroup.end()) {
      TSInsertStringRecordsReq request;
      std::vector<std::string> emptyPrefixPaths;
      std::vector<std::vector<std::string>> emptyMeasurementsList;
      vector<vector<string>> emptyValuesList;
      std::vector<int64_t> emptyTimestamps;
      request.__set_isAligned(isAligned);
      request.__set_prefixPaths(emptyPrefixPaths);
      request.__set_timestamps(emptyTimestamps);
      request.__set_measurementsList(emptyMeasurementsList);
      request.__set_valuesList(emptyValuesList);
      recordsGroup.insert(make_pair(connection, request));
    }
    TSInsertStringRecordsReq& existingReq = recordsGroup[connection];
    existingReq.prefixPaths.emplace_back(deviceIds[i]);
    existingReq.timestamps.emplace_back(times[i]);
    existingReq.measurementsList.emplace_back(measurementsList[i]);
    existingReq.valuesList.emplace_back(valuesList[i]);
  }
  std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<SessionConnection>, const TSInsertStringRecordsReq&)>
      consumer = [](const std::shared_ptr<SessionConnection>& c,
                    const TSInsertStringRecordsReq& r) { c->insertStringRecords(r); };
  if (recordsGroup.size() == 1) {
    insertOnce(recordsGroup, consumer);
  } else {
    insertByGroup(recordsGroup, consumer);
  }
}

void Session::Impl::insertRecordsWithLeaderCache(
    vector<string> deviceIds, vector<int64_t> times, vector<vector<string>> measurementsList,
    const vector<vector<TSDataType::TSDataType>>& typesList, vector<vector<char*>> valuesList,
    bool isAligned) {
  std::unordered_map<std::shared_ptr<SessionConnection>, TSInsertRecordsReq> recordsGroup;
  for (int i = 0; i < deviceIds.size(); i++) {
    auto connection = getSessionConnection(deviceIds[i]);
    if (recordsGroup.find(connection) == recordsGroup.end()) {
      TSInsertRecordsReq request;
      std::vector<std::string> emptyPrefixPaths;
      std::vector<std::vector<std::string>> emptyMeasurementsList;
      std::vector<std::string> emptyValuesList;
      std::vector<int64_t> emptyTimestamps;
      request.__set_isAligned(isAligned);
      request.__set_prefixPaths(emptyPrefixPaths);
      request.__set_timestamps(emptyTimestamps);
      request.__set_measurementsList(emptyMeasurementsList);
      request.__set_valuesList(emptyValuesList);
      recordsGroup.insert(make_pair(connection, request));
    }
    TSInsertRecordsReq& existingReq = recordsGroup[connection];
    existingReq.prefixPaths.emplace_back(deviceIds[i]);
    existingReq.timestamps.emplace_back(times[i]);
    existingReq.measurementsList.emplace_back(measurementsList[i]);
    vector<string> bufferList;
    string buffer;
    putValuesIntoBuffer(typesList[i], valuesList[i], buffer);
    existingReq.valuesList.emplace_back(buffer);
    recordsGroup[connection] = existingReq;
  }
  std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<SessionConnection>, const TSInsertRecordsReq&)> consumer =
      [](const std::shared_ptr<SessionConnection>& c, const TSInsertRecordsReq& r) {
        c->insertRecords(r);
      };
  if (recordsGroup.size() == 1) {
    insertOnce(recordsGroup, consumer);
  } else {
    insertByGroup(recordsGroup, consumer);
  }
}

void Session::Impl::insertTabletsWithLeaderCache(unordered_map<string, Tablet*>& tablets,
                                                 bool sorted, bool isAligned) {
  std::unordered_map<std::shared_ptr<SessionConnection>, TSInsertTabletsReq> tabletsGroup;
  if (tablets.empty()) {
    throw BatchExecutionException("No tablet is inserting!");
  }
  for (const auto& item : tablets) {
    if (isAligned != item.second->isAligned) {
      throw BatchExecutionException("The tablets should be all aligned or non-aligned!");
    }
    if (!checkSorted(*(item.second))) {
      sortTablet(*(item.second));
    }
    auto deviceId = item.first;
    auto tablet = item.second;
    std::shared_ptr<const Tablet> toEncode = SessionUtils::filterNullColumns(*tablet);
    if (!toEncode) {
      continue;
    }
    auto connection = getSessionConnection(deviceId);
    auto it = tabletsGroup.find(connection);
    if (it == tabletsGroup.end()) {
      TSInsertTabletsReq request;
      tabletsGroup[connection] = request;
    }
    TSInsertTabletsReq& existingReq = tabletsGroup[connection];
    existingReq.prefixPaths.emplace_back(toEncode->deviceId);
    existingReq.timestampsList.emplace_back(move(SessionUtils::getTime(*toEncode)));
    existingReq.valuesList.emplace_back(move(SessionUtils::getValue(*toEncode)));
    existingReq.sizeList.emplace_back(toEncode->rowSize);
    vector<int> dataTypes;
    vector<string> measurements;
    for (pair<string, TSDataType::TSDataType> schema : toEncode->schemas) {
      measurements.push_back(schema.first);
      dataTypes.push_back(schema.second);
    }
    existingReq.measurementsList.emplace_back(measurements);
    existingReq.typesList.emplace_back(dataTypes);
  }

  if (tabletsGroup.empty()) {
    return;
  }

  std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<SessionConnection>, const TSInsertTabletsReq&)> consumer =
      [](const std::shared_ptr<SessionConnection>& c, const TSInsertTabletsReq& r) {
        c->insertTablets(r);
      };
  if (tabletsGroup.size() == 1) {
    insertOnce(tabletsGroup, consumer);
  } else {
    insertByGroup(tabletsGroup, consumer);
  }
}

void Session::open() {
  open(false, Impl::DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS);
}

void Session::open(bool enableRPCCompression) {
  open(enableRPCCompression, Impl::DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS);
}

void Session::open(bool enableRPCCompression, int connectionTimeoutInMs) {
  if (!impl_->isClosed_) {
    return;
  }

  try {
    impl_->initNodesSupplier(impl_->nodeUrls_);
    impl_->initDefaultSessionConnection();
  } catch (const exception& e) {
    impl_->nodesSupplier_.reset();
    log_debug(e.what());
    throw IoTDBException(e.what());
  }
  impl_->zoneId_ = impl_->defaultSessionConnection_->zoneId;

  if (impl_->enableRedirection_) {
    impl_->endPointToSessionConnection.insert(
        make_pair(impl_->defaultEndPoint_, impl_->defaultSessionConnection_));
  }

  impl_->isClosed_ = false;
}

void Session::close() {
  if (impl_->isClosed_) {
    return;
  }
  try {
    if (impl_->enableRedirection_) {
      for (auto& entry : impl_->endPointToSessionConnection) {
        if (entry.second) {
          try {
            entry.second->close();
          } catch (const exception& e) {
            log_debug(e.what());
          }
        }
      }
      impl_->endPointToSessionConnection.clear();
    }
    if (impl_->defaultSessionConnection_) {
      try {
        impl_->defaultSessionConnection_->close();
      } catch (const exception& e) {
        log_debug(e.what());
      }
      impl_->defaultSessionConnection_.reset();
    }
  } catch (...) {
    impl_->nodesSupplier_.reset();
    impl_->isClosed_ = true;
    throw;
  }
  impl_->nodesSupplier_.reset();
  impl_->isClosed_ = true;
}

void Session::insertRecord(const string& deviceId, int64_t time, const vector<string>& measurements,
                           const vector<string>& values) {
  TSInsertStringRecordReq req;
  req.__set_prefixPath(deviceId);
  req.__set_timestamp(time);
  req.__set_measurements(measurements);
  req.__set_values(values);
  req.__set_isAligned(false);
  try {
    impl_->getSessionConnection(deviceId)->insertStringRecord(req);
  } catch (RedirectException& e) {
    impl_->handleRedirection(deviceId, endpointToThrift(e.endPoint));
  } catch (const IoTDBConnectionException& e) {
    if (impl_->enableRedirection_ &&
        impl_->deviceIdToEndpoint.find(deviceId) != impl_->deviceIdToEndpoint.end()) {
      impl_->deviceIdToEndpoint.erase(deviceId);
      try {
        impl_->getDefaultSessionConnection()->insertStringRecord(req);
      } catch (RedirectException& e) {
      }
    } else {
      throw;
    }
  }
}

void Session::insertRecord(const string& deviceId, int64_t time, const vector<string>& measurements,
                           const vector<TSDataType::TSDataType>& types,
                           const vector<char*>& values) {
  TSInsertRecordReq req;
  req.__set_prefixPath(deviceId);
  req.__set_timestamp(time);
  req.__set_measurements(measurements);
  string buffer;
  impl_->putValuesIntoBuffer(types, values, buffer);
  req.__set_values(buffer);
  req.__set_isAligned(false);
  try {
    impl_->getSessionConnection(deviceId)->insertRecord(req);
  } catch (RedirectException& e) {
    impl_->handleRedirection(deviceId, endpointToThrift(e.endPoint));
  } catch (const IoTDBConnectionException& e) {
    if (impl_->enableRedirection_ &&
        impl_->deviceIdToEndpoint.find(deviceId) != impl_->deviceIdToEndpoint.end()) {
      impl_->deviceIdToEndpoint.erase(deviceId);
      try {
        impl_->getDefaultSessionConnection()->insertRecord(req);
      } catch (RedirectException& e) {
      }
    } else {
      throw;
    }
  }
}

void Session::insertAlignedRecord(const string& deviceId, int64_t time,
                                  const vector<string>& measurements,
                                  const vector<string>& values) {
  TSInsertStringRecordReq req;
  req.__set_prefixPath(deviceId);
  req.__set_timestamp(time);
  req.__set_measurements(measurements);
  req.__set_values(values);
  req.__set_isAligned(true);
  try {
    impl_->getSessionConnection(deviceId)->insertStringRecord(req);
  } catch (RedirectException& e) {
    impl_->handleRedirection(deviceId, endpointToThrift(e.endPoint));
  } catch (const IoTDBConnectionException& e) {
    if (impl_->enableRedirection_ &&
        impl_->deviceIdToEndpoint.find(deviceId) != impl_->deviceIdToEndpoint.end()) {
      impl_->deviceIdToEndpoint.erase(deviceId);
      try {
        impl_->getDefaultSessionConnection()->insertStringRecord(req);
      } catch (RedirectException& e) {
      }
    } else {
      throw;
    }
  }
}

void Session::insertAlignedRecord(const string& deviceId, int64_t time,
                                  const vector<string>& measurements,
                                  const vector<TSDataType::TSDataType>& types,
                                  const vector<char*>& values) {
  TSInsertRecordReq req;
  req.__set_prefixPath(deviceId);
  req.__set_timestamp(time);
  req.__set_measurements(measurements);
  string buffer;
  impl_->putValuesIntoBuffer(types, values, buffer);
  req.__set_values(buffer);
  req.__set_isAligned(false);
  try {
    impl_->getSessionConnection(deviceId)->insertRecord(req);
  } catch (RedirectException& e) {
    impl_->handleRedirection(deviceId, endpointToThrift(e.endPoint));
  } catch (const IoTDBConnectionException& e) {
    if (impl_->enableRedirection_ &&
        impl_->deviceIdToEndpoint.find(deviceId) != impl_->deviceIdToEndpoint.end()) {
      impl_->deviceIdToEndpoint.erase(deviceId);
      try {
        impl_->getDefaultSessionConnection()->insertRecord(req);
      } catch (RedirectException& e) {
      }
    } else {
      throw;
    }
  }
}

void Session::insertRecords(const vector<string>& deviceIds, const vector<int64_t>& times,
                            const vector<vector<string>>& measurementsList,
                            const vector<vector<string>>& valuesList) {
  size_t len = deviceIds.size();
  if (len != times.size() || len != measurementsList.size() || len != valuesList.size()) {
    logic_error e("deviceIds, times, measurementsList and valuesList's size should be equal");
    throw exception(e);
  }

  if (impl_->enableRedirection_) {
    impl_->insertStringRecordsWithLeaderCache(deviceIds, times, measurementsList, valuesList,
                                              false);
  } else {
    TSInsertStringRecordsReq request;
    request.__set_prefixPaths(deviceIds);
    request.__set_timestamps(times);
    request.__set_measurementsList(measurementsList);
    request.__set_valuesList(valuesList);
    request.__set_isAligned(false);
    try {
      impl_->getDefaultSessionConnection()->insertStringRecords(request);
    } catch (RedirectException& e) {
    }
  }
}

void Session::insertRecords(const vector<string>& deviceIds, const vector<int64_t>& times,
                            const vector<vector<string>>& measurementsList,
                            const vector<vector<TSDataType::TSDataType>>& typesList,
                            const vector<vector<char*>>& valuesList) {
  size_t len = deviceIds.size();
  if (len != times.size() || len != measurementsList.size() || len != valuesList.size()) {
    logic_error e("deviceIds, times, measurementsList and valuesList's size should be equal");
    throw exception(e);
  }

  if (impl_->enableRedirection_) {
    impl_->insertRecordsWithLeaderCache(deviceIds, times, measurementsList, typesList, valuesList,
                                        false);
  } else {
    TSInsertRecordsReq request;
    request.__set_prefixPaths(deviceIds);
    request.__set_timestamps(times);
    request.__set_measurementsList(measurementsList);
    vector<string> bufferList;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < valuesList.size(); i++) {
      string buffer;
      impl_->putValuesIntoBuffer(typesList[i], valuesList[i], buffer);
      bufferList.push_back(buffer);
    }
    request.__set_valuesList(bufferList);
    request.__set_isAligned(false);
    try {
      impl_->getDefaultSessionConnection()->insertRecords(request);
    } catch (RedirectException& e) {
    }
  }
}

void Session::insertAlignedRecords(const vector<string>& deviceIds, const vector<int64_t>& times,
                                   const vector<vector<string>>& measurementsList,
                                   const vector<vector<string>>& valuesList) {
  size_t len = deviceIds.size();
  if (len != times.size() || len != measurementsList.size() || len != valuesList.size()) {
    logic_error e("deviceIds, times, measurementsList and valuesList's size should be equal");
    throw exception(e);
  }

  if (impl_->enableRedirection_) {
    impl_->insertStringRecordsWithLeaderCache(deviceIds, times, measurementsList, valuesList, true);
  } else {
    TSInsertStringRecordsReq request;
    request.__set_prefixPaths(deviceIds);
    request.__set_timestamps(times);
    request.__set_measurementsList(measurementsList);
    request.__set_valuesList(valuesList);
    request.__set_isAligned(true);
    try {
      impl_->getDefaultSessionConnection()->insertStringRecords(request);
    } catch (RedirectException& e) {
    }
  }
}

void Session::insertAlignedRecords(const vector<string>& deviceIds, const vector<int64_t>& times,
                                   const vector<vector<string>>& measurementsList,
                                   const vector<vector<TSDataType::TSDataType>>& typesList,
                                   const vector<vector<char*>>& valuesList) {
  size_t len = deviceIds.size();
  if (len != times.size() || len != measurementsList.size() || len != valuesList.size()) {
    logic_error e("deviceIds, times, measurementsList and valuesList's size should be equal");
    throw exception(e);
  }

  if (impl_->enableRedirection_) {
    impl_->insertRecordsWithLeaderCache(deviceIds, times, measurementsList, typesList, valuesList,
                                        true);
  } else {
    TSInsertRecordsReq request;
    request.__set_prefixPaths(deviceIds);
    request.__set_timestamps(times);
    request.__set_measurementsList(measurementsList);
    vector<string> bufferList;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < valuesList.size(); i++) {
      string buffer;
      impl_->putValuesIntoBuffer(typesList[i], valuesList[i], buffer);
      bufferList.push_back(buffer);
    }
    request.__set_valuesList(bufferList);
    request.__set_isAligned(false);
    try {
      impl_->getDefaultSessionConnection()->insertRecords(request);
    } catch (RedirectException& e) {
    }
  }
}

void Session::insertRecordsOfOneDevice(const string& deviceId, vector<int64_t>& times,
                                       vector<vector<string>>& measurementsList,
                                       vector<vector<TSDataType::TSDataType>>& typesList,
                                       vector<vector<char*>>& valuesList) {
  insertRecordsOfOneDevice(deviceId, times, measurementsList, typesList, valuesList, false);
}

void Session::insertRecordsOfOneDevice(const string& deviceId, vector<int64_t>& times,
                                       vector<vector<string>>& measurementsList,
                                       vector<vector<TSDataType::TSDataType>>& typesList,
                                       vector<vector<char*>>& valuesList, bool sorted) {
  if (!impl_->checkSorted(times)) {
    int* index = new int[times.size()];
    for (size_t i = 0; i < times.size(); i++) {
      index[i] = (int)i;
    }

    impl_->sortIndexByTimestamp(index, times, (int)(times.size()));
    times = sortList(times, index, (int)(times.size()));
    measurementsList = sortList(measurementsList, index, (int)(times.size()));
    typesList = sortList(typesList, index, (int)(times.size()));
    valuesList = sortList(valuesList, index, (int)(times.size()));
    delete[] index;
  }
  TSInsertRecordsOfOneDeviceReq request;
  request.__set_prefixPath(deviceId);
  request.__set_timestamps(times);
  request.__set_measurementsList(measurementsList);
  vector<string> bufferList;
  for (size_t i = 0; i < valuesList.size(); i++) {
    string buffer;
    impl_->putValuesIntoBuffer(typesList[i], valuesList[i], buffer);
    bufferList.push_back(buffer);
  }
  request.__set_valuesList(bufferList);
  request.__set_isAligned(false);
  TSStatus respStatus;
  try {
    impl_->getSessionConnection(deviceId)->insertRecordsOfOneDevice(request);
  } catch (RedirectException& e) {
    impl_->handleRedirection(deviceId, endpointToThrift(e.endPoint));
  } catch (const IoTDBConnectionException& e) {
    if (impl_->enableRedirection_ &&
        impl_->deviceIdToEndpoint.find(deviceId) != impl_->deviceIdToEndpoint.end()) {
      impl_->deviceIdToEndpoint.erase(deviceId);
      try {
        impl_->getDefaultSessionConnection()->insertRecordsOfOneDevice(request);
      } catch (RedirectException& e) {
      }
    } else {
      throw;
    }
  }
}

void Session::insertAlignedRecordsOfOneDevice(const string& deviceId, vector<int64_t>& times,
                                              vector<vector<string>>& measurementsList,
                                              vector<vector<TSDataType::TSDataType>>& typesList,
                                              vector<vector<char*>>& valuesList) {
  insertAlignedRecordsOfOneDevice(deviceId, times, measurementsList, typesList, valuesList, false);
}

void Session::insertAlignedRecordsOfOneDevice(const string& deviceId, vector<int64_t>& times,
                                              vector<vector<string>>& measurementsList,
                                              vector<vector<TSDataType::TSDataType>>& typesList,
                                              vector<vector<char*>>& valuesList, bool sorted) {
  if (!impl_->checkSorted(times)) {
    int* index = new int[times.size()];
    for (size_t i = 0; i < times.size(); i++) {
      index[i] = (int)i;
    }

    impl_->sortIndexByTimestamp(index, times, (int)(times.size()));
    times = sortList(times, index, (int)(times.size()));
    measurementsList = sortList(measurementsList, index, (int)(times.size()));
    typesList = sortList(typesList, index, (int)(times.size()));
    valuesList = sortList(valuesList, index, (int)(times.size()));
    delete[] index;
  }
  TSInsertRecordsOfOneDeviceReq request;
  request.__set_prefixPath(deviceId);
  request.__set_timestamps(times);
  request.__set_measurementsList(measurementsList);
  vector<string> bufferList;
  for (size_t i = 0; i < valuesList.size(); i++) {
    string buffer;
    impl_->putValuesIntoBuffer(typesList[i], valuesList[i], buffer);
    bufferList.push_back(buffer);
  }
  request.__set_valuesList(bufferList);
  request.__set_isAligned(true);
  TSStatus respStatus;
  try {
    impl_->getSessionConnection(deviceId)->insertRecordsOfOneDevice(request);
  } catch (RedirectException& e) {
    impl_->handleRedirection(deviceId, endpointToThrift(e.endPoint));
  } catch (const IoTDBConnectionException& e) {
    if (impl_->enableRedirection_ &&
        impl_->deviceIdToEndpoint.find(deviceId) != impl_->deviceIdToEndpoint.end()) {
      impl_->deviceIdToEndpoint.erase(deviceId);
      try {
        impl_->getDefaultSessionConnection()->insertRecordsOfOneDevice(request);
      } catch (RedirectException& e) {
      }
    } else {
      throw;
    }
  }
}

void Session::insertTablet(Tablet& tablet) {
  try {
    insertTablet(tablet, false);
  } catch (const exception& e) {
    log_debug(e.what());
    logic_error error(e.what());
    throw exception(error);
  }
}

bool Session::Impl::buildInsertTabletReq(TSInsertTabletReq& request, Tablet& tablet, bool sorted) {
  if ((!sorted) && !checkSorted(tablet)) {
    sortTablet(tablet);
  }

  std::shared_ptr<const Tablet> toEncode = SessionUtils::filterNullColumns(tablet);
  if (!toEncode) {
    return false;
  }

  request.__set_prefixPath(toEncode->deviceId);

  std::vector<std::string> reqMeasurements;
  reqMeasurements.reserve(toEncode->schemas.size());
  std::vector<int32_t> types;
  types.reserve(toEncode->schemas.size());
  for (pair<string, TSDataType::TSDataType> schema : toEncode->schemas) {
    reqMeasurements.push_back(schema.first);
    types.push_back(schema.second);
  }
  request.__set_measurements(reqMeasurements);
  request.__set_types(types);
  request.__set_values(SessionUtils::getValue(*toEncode));
  request.__set_timestamps(SessionUtils::getTime(*toEncode));
  request.__set_size(toEncode->rowSize);
  request.__set_isAligned(toEncode->isAligned);
  if (!toEncode->columnTypes.empty()) {
    std::vector<int8_t> columnCategories;
    columnCategories.reserve(toEncode->columnTypes.size());
    for (auto& category : toEncode->columnTypes) {
      columnCategories.push_back(static_cast<int8_t>(category));
    }
    request.__set_columnCategories(columnCategories);
  }
  return true;
}

void Session::Impl::insertTablet(TSInsertTabletReq request) {
  auto deviceId = request.prefixPath;
  try {
    getSessionConnection(deviceId)->insertTablet(request);
  } catch (RedirectException& e) {
    handleRedirection(deviceId, endpointToThrift(e.endPoint));
  } catch (const IoTDBConnectionException& e) {
    if (enableRedirection_ && deviceIdToEndpoint.find(deviceId) != deviceIdToEndpoint.end()) {
      deviceIdToEndpoint.erase(deviceId);
      try {
        getDefaultSessionConnection()->insertTablet(request);
      } catch (RedirectException& e) {
      }
    } else {
      throw;
    }
  }
}

void Session::insertTablet(Tablet& tablet, bool sorted) {
  TSInsertTabletReq request;
  if (!impl_->buildInsertTabletReq(request, tablet, sorted)) {
    return;
  }
  impl_->insertTablet(request);
}

void Session::insertRelationalTablet(Tablet& tablet, bool sorted) {
  std::unordered_map<std::shared_ptr<SessionConnection>, Tablet> relationalTabletGroup;
  if (impl_->tableModelDeviceIdToEndpoint.empty()) {
    relationalTabletGroup.insert(make_pair(impl_->getDefaultSessionConnection(), tablet));
  } else if (SessionUtils::isTabletContainsSingleDevice(tablet)) {
    relationalTabletGroup.insert(
        make_pair(impl_->getSessionConnection(tablet.getDeviceID(0)), tablet));
  } else {
    for (int row = 0; row < tablet.rowSize; row++) {
      auto iDeviceID = tablet.getDeviceID(row);
      std::shared_ptr<SessionConnection> connection = impl_->getSessionConnection(iDeviceID);

      auto it = relationalTabletGroup.find(connection);
      if (it == relationalTabletGroup.end()) {
        Tablet newTablet(tablet.deviceId, tablet.schemas, tablet.columnTypes, tablet.rowSize);
        it = relationalTabletGroup.insert(std::make_pair(connection, newTablet)).first;
      }

      Tablet& currentTablet = it->second;
      int rowIndex = currentTablet.rowSize++;
      currentTablet.timestamps[rowIndex] = tablet.timestamps[row];
      for (int col = 0; col < tablet.schemas.size(); col++) {
        switch (tablet.schemas[col].second) {
        case TSDataType::BOOLEAN:
          currentTablet.addValue(tablet.schemas[col].first, rowIndex,
                                 *(bool*)tablet.getValue(col, row, tablet.schemas[col].second));
          break;
        case TSDataType::INT32:
          currentTablet.addValue(tablet.schemas[col].first, rowIndex,
                                 *(int32_t*)tablet.getValue(col, row, tablet.schemas[col].second));
          break;
        case TSDataType::INT64:
        case TSDataType::TIMESTAMP:
          currentTablet.addValue(tablet.schemas[col].first, rowIndex,
                                 *(int64_t*)tablet.getValue(col, row, tablet.schemas[col].second));
          break;
        case TSDataType::FLOAT:
          currentTablet.addValue(tablet.schemas[col].first, rowIndex,
                                 *(float*)tablet.getValue(col, row, tablet.schemas[col].second));
          break;
        case TSDataType::DOUBLE:
          currentTablet.addValue(tablet.schemas[col].first, rowIndex,
                                 *(double*)tablet.getValue(col, row, tablet.schemas[col].second));
          break;
        case TSDataType::DATE: {
          currentTablet.addValue(
              tablet.schemas[col].first, rowIndex,
              *(IoTDBDate*)tablet.getValue(col, row, tablet.schemas[col].second));
          break;
        }
        case TSDataType::STRING:
        case TSDataType::TEXT:
        case TSDataType::OBJECT:
        case TSDataType::BLOB: {
          currentTablet.addValue(tablet.schemas[col].first, rowIndex,
                                 *(string*)tablet.getValue(col, row, tablet.schemas[col].second));
          break;
        }
        default:
          break;
        }
      }
    }
  }
  if (relationalTabletGroup.size() == 1) {
    impl_->insertRelationalTabletOnce(relationalTabletGroup, sorted);
  } else {
    impl_->insertRelationalTabletByGroup(relationalTabletGroup, sorted);
  }
}

void Session::insertRelationalTablet(Tablet& tablet) {
  insertRelationalTablet(tablet, false);
}

void Session::Impl::insertRelationalTabletOnce(
    const std::unordered_map<std::shared_ptr<SessionConnection>, Tablet>& relationalTabletGroup,
    bool sorted) {
  auto iter = relationalTabletGroup.begin();
  auto connection = iter->first;
  auto tablet = iter->second;
  TSInsertTabletReq request;
  if (!buildInsertTabletReq(request, tablet, sorted)) {
    return;
  }
  request.__set_writeToTable(true);
  try {
    TSStatus respStatus;
    connection->getSessionClient()->insertTablet(respStatus, request);
    RpcUtils::verifySuccess(respStatus);
  } catch (RedirectException& e) {
    auto endPointList = e.endPointList;
    for (int i = 0; i < endPointList.size(); i++) {
      auto deviceID = tablet.getDeviceID(i);
      handleRedirection(deviceID, endpointToThrift(endPointList[i]));
    }
  } catch (const IoTDBConnectionException& e) {
    if (endPointToSessionConnection.size() > 1) {
      removeBrokenSessionConnection(connection);
      try {
        TSStatus respStatus;
        getDefaultSessionConnection()->getSessionClient()->insertTablet(respStatus, request);
        RpcUtils::verifySuccess(respStatus);
      } catch (RedirectException& e) {
      }
    } else {
      throw IoTDBConnectionException(e.what());
    }
  } catch (const TTransportException& e) {
    log_debug(e.what());
    throw IoTDBConnectionException(e.what());
  } catch (const IoTDBException& e) {
    log_debug(e.what());
    throw;
  } catch (const exception& e) {
    log_debug(e.what());
    throw IoTDBException(e.what());
  }
}

void Session::Impl::insertRelationalTabletByGroup(
    const std::unordered_map<std::shared_ptr<SessionConnection>, Tablet>& relationalTabletGroup,
    bool sorted) {
  // Create a vector to store future objects for asynchronous operations
  std::vector<std::future<void>> futures;

  for (auto iter = relationalTabletGroup.begin(); iter != relationalTabletGroup.end(); iter++) {
    auto connection = iter->first;
    auto tablet = iter->second;

    // Launch asynchronous task for each tablet insertion
    futures.emplace_back(
        std::async(std::launch::async, [this, connection, tablet, sorted]() mutable {
          TSInsertTabletReq request;
          if (!buildInsertTabletReq(request, tablet, sorted)) {
            return;
          }
          request.__set_writeToTable(true);

          try {
            TSStatus respStatus;
            connection->getSessionClient()->insertTablet(respStatus, request);
            RpcUtils::verifySuccess(respStatus);
          } catch (const TTransportException& e) {
            log_debug(e.what());
            throw IoTDBConnectionException(e.what());
          } catch (const IoTDBException& e) {
            log_debug(e.what());
            throw;
          } catch (const exception& e) {
            log_debug(e.what());
            throw IoTDBException(e.what());
          }
        }));
  }

  for (auto& f : futures) {
    f.get();
  }
}

void Session::insertAlignedTablet(Tablet& tablet) {
  insertAlignedTablet(tablet, false);
}

void Session::insertAlignedTablet(Tablet& tablet, bool sorted) {
  tablet.setAligned(true);
  try {
    insertTablet(tablet, sorted);
  } catch (const exception& e) {
    log_debug(e.what());
    logic_error error(e.what());
    throw exception(error);
  }
}

void Session::insertTablets(unordered_map<string, Tablet*>& tablets) {
  try {
    insertTablets(tablets, false);
  } catch (const exception& e) {
    log_debug(e.what());
    logic_error error(e.what());
    throw exception(error);
  }
}

void Session::insertTablets(unordered_map<string, Tablet*>& tablets, bool sorted) {
  if (tablets.empty()) {
    throw BatchExecutionException("No tablet is inserting!");
  }
  auto beginIter = tablets.begin();
  bool isAligned = ((*beginIter).second)->isAligned;
  if (impl_->enableRedirection_) {
    impl_->insertTabletsWithLeaderCache(tablets, sorted, isAligned);
  } else {
    TSInsertTabletsReq request;
    for (const auto& item : tablets) {
      if (isAligned != item.second->isAligned) {
        throw BatchExecutionException("The tablets should be all aligned or non-aligned!");
      }
      if (!impl_->checkSorted(*(item.second))) {
        impl_->sortTablet(*(item.second));
      }
      std::shared_ptr<const Tablet> toEncode = SessionUtils::filterNullColumns(*(item.second));
      if (!toEncode) {
        continue;
      }
      request.prefixPaths.push_back(toEncode->deviceId);
      vector<string> measurements;
      vector<int> dataTypes;
      for (pair<string, TSDataType::TSDataType> schema : toEncode->schemas) {
        measurements.push_back(schema.first);
        dataTypes.push_back(schema.second);
      }
      request.measurementsList.push_back(measurements);
      request.typesList.push_back(dataTypes);
      request.timestampsList.push_back(move(SessionUtils::getTime(*toEncode)));
      request.valuesList.push_back(move(SessionUtils::getValue(*toEncode)));
      request.sizeList.push_back(toEncode->rowSize);
    }
    if (request.prefixPaths.empty()) {
      return;
    }
    request.__set_isAligned(isAligned);
    try {
      TSStatus respStatus;
      impl_->getDefaultSessionConnection()->insertTablets(request);
      RpcUtils::verifySuccess(respStatus);
    } catch (RedirectException& e) {
    }
  }
}

void Session::insertAlignedTablets(unordered_map<string, Tablet*>& tablets, bool sorted) {
  for (auto iter = tablets.begin(); iter != tablets.end(); iter++) {
    iter->second->setAligned(true);
  }
  try {
    insertTablets(tablets, sorted);
  } catch (const exception& e) {
    log_debug(e.what());
    logic_error error(e.what());
    throw exception(error);
  }
}

void Session::testInsertRecord(const string& deviceId, int64_t time,
                               const vector<string>& measurements, const vector<string>& values) {
  TSInsertStringRecordReq req;
  req.__set_prefixPath(deviceId);
  req.__set_timestamp(time);
  req.__set_measurements(measurements);
  req.__set_values(values);
  TSStatus tsStatus;
  try {
    impl_->getDefaultSessionConnection()->testInsertStringRecord(req);
    RpcUtils::verifySuccess(tsStatus);
  } catch (const TTransportException& e) {
    log_debug(e.what());
    throw IoTDBConnectionException(e.what());
  } catch (const IoTDBException& e) {
    log_debug(e.what());
    throw;
  } catch (const exception& e) {
    log_debug(e.what());
    throw IoTDBException(e.what());
  }
}

void Session::testInsertTablet(const Tablet& tablet) {
  TSInsertTabletReq request;
  request.prefixPath = tablet.deviceId;
  for (pair<string, TSDataType::TSDataType> schema : tablet.schemas) {
    request.measurements.push_back(schema.first);
    request.types.push_back(schema.second);
  }
  request.__set_timestamps(move(SessionUtils::getTime(tablet)));
  request.__set_values(move(SessionUtils::getValue(tablet)));
  request.__set_size(tablet.rowSize);
  try {
    TSStatus tsStatus;
    impl_->getDefaultSessionConnection()->testInsertTablet(request);
    RpcUtils::verifySuccess(tsStatus);
  } catch (const TTransportException& e) {
    log_debug(e.what());
    throw IoTDBConnectionException(e.what());
  } catch (const IoTDBException& e) {
    log_debug(e.what());
    throw;
  } catch (const exception& e) {
    log_debug(e.what());
    throw IoTDBException(e.what());
  }
}

void Session::testInsertRecords(const vector<string>& deviceIds, const vector<int64_t>& times,
                                const vector<vector<string>>& measurementsList,
                                const vector<vector<string>>& valuesList) {
  size_t len = deviceIds.size();
  if (len != times.size() || len != measurementsList.size() || len != valuesList.size()) {
    logic_error error("deviceIds, times, measurementsList and valuesList's size should be equal");
    throw exception(error);
  }
  TSInsertStringRecordsReq request;
  request.__set_prefixPaths(deviceIds);
  request.__set_timestamps(times);
  request.__set_measurementsList(measurementsList);
  request.__set_valuesList(valuesList);

  try {
    TSStatus tsStatus;
    impl_->getDefaultSessionConnection()->getSessionClient()->insertStringRecords(tsStatus,
                                                                                  request);
    RpcUtils::verifySuccess(tsStatus);
  } catch (const TTransportException& e) {
    log_debug(e.what());
    throw IoTDBConnectionException(e.what());
  } catch (const IoTDBException& e) {
    log_debug(e.what());
    throw;
  } catch (const exception& e) {
    log_debug(e.what());
    throw IoTDBException(e.what());
  }
}

void Session::deleteTimeseries(const string& path) {
  vector<string> paths;
  paths.push_back(path);
  deleteTimeseries(paths);
}

void Session::deleteTimeseries(const vector<string>& paths) {
  impl_->getDefaultSessionConnection()->deleteTimeseries(paths);
}

void Session::deleteData(const string& path, int64_t endTime) {
  vector<string> paths;
  paths.push_back(path);
  deleteData(paths, LONG_LONG_MIN, endTime);
}

void Session::deleteData(const vector<string>& paths, int64_t endTime) {
  deleteData(paths, LONG_LONG_MIN, endTime);
}

void Session::deleteData(const vector<string>& paths, int64_t startTime, int64_t endTime) {
  TSDeleteDataReq req;
  req.__set_paths(paths);
  req.__set_startTime(startTime);
  req.__set_endTime(endTime);
  impl_->getDefaultSessionConnection()->deleteData(req);
}

void Session::setStorageGroup(const string& storageGroupId) {
  impl_->getDefaultSessionConnection()->setStorageGroup(storageGroupId);
}

void Session::deleteStorageGroup(const string& storageGroup) {
  vector<string> storageGroups;
  storageGroups.push_back(storageGroup);
  deleteStorageGroups(storageGroups);
}

void Session::deleteStorageGroups(const vector<string>& storageGroups) {
  impl_->getDefaultSessionConnection()->deleteStorageGroups(storageGroups);
}

void Session::createDatabase(const string& database) {
  this->setStorageGroup(database);
}

void Session::deleteDatabase(const string& database) {
  this->deleteStorageGroups(vector<string>{database});
}

void Session::deleteDatabases(const vector<string>& databases) {
  this->deleteStorageGroups(databases);
}

void Session::createTimeseries(const string& path, TSDataType::TSDataType dataType,
                               TSEncoding::TSEncoding encoding,
                               CompressionType::CompressionType compressor) {
  try {
    createTimeseries(path, dataType, encoding, compressor, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, "");
  } catch (const exception& e) {
    log_debug(e.what());
    throw IoTDBException(e.what());
  }
}

void Session::createTimeseries(const string& path, TSDataType::TSDataType dataType,
                               TSEncoding::TSEncoding encoding,
                               CompressionType::CompressionType compressor,
                               map<string, string>* props, map<string, string>* tags,
                               map<string, string>* attributes, const string& measurementAlias) {
  TSCreateTimeseriesReq req;
  req.__set_path(path);
  req.__set_dataType(dataType);
  req.__set_encoding(encoding);
  req.__set_compressor(compressor);
  if (props != nullptr) {
    req.__set_props(*props);
  }

  if (tags != nullptr) {
    req.__set_tags(*tags);
  }
  if (attributes != nullptr) {
    req.__set_attributes(*attributes);
  }
  if (!measurementAlias.empty()) {
    req.__set_measurementAlias(measurementAlias);
  }
  impl_->getDefaultSessionConnection()->createTimeseries(req);
}

void Session::createMultiTimeseries(const vector<string>& paths,
                                    const vector<TSDataType::TSDataType>& dataTypes,
                                    const vector<TSEncoding::TSEncoding>& encodings,
                                    const vector<CompressionType::CompressionType>& compressors,
                                    vector<map<string, string>>* propsList,
                                    vector<map<string, string>>* tagsList,
                                    vector<map<string, string>>* attributesList,
                                    vector<string>* measurementAliasList) {
  TSCreateMultiTimeseriesReq request;
  request.__set_paths(paths);

  vector<int> dataTypesOrdinal;
  dataTypesOrdinal.reserve(dataTypes.size());
  for (TSDataType::TSDataType dataType : dataTypes) {
    dataTypesOrdinal.push_back(dataType);
  }
  request.__set_dataTypes(dataTypesOrdinal);

  vector<int> encodingsOrdinal;
  encodingsOrdinal.reserve(encodings.size());
  for (TSEncoding::TSEncoding encoding : encodings) {
    encodingsOrdinal.push_back(encoding);
  }
  request.__set_encodings(encodingsOrdinal);

  vector<int> compressorsOrdinal;
  compressorsOrdinal.reserve(compressors.size());
  for (CompressionType::CompressionType compressor : compressors) {
    compressorsOrdinal.push_back(compressor);
  }
  request.__set_compressors(compressorsOrdinal);

  if (propsList != nullptr) {
    request.__set_propsList(*propsList);
  }

  if (tagsList != nullptr) {
    request.__set_tagsList(*tagsList);
  }
  if (attributesList != nullptr) {
    request.__set_attributesList(*attributesList);
  }
  if (measurementAliasList != nullptr) {
    request.__set_measurementAliasList(*measurementAliasList);
  }

  impl_->getDefaultSessionConnection()->createMultiTimeseries(request);
}

void Session::createAlignedTimeseries(
    const std::string& deviceId, const std::vector<std::string>& measurements,
    const std::vector<TSDataType::TSDataType>& dataTypes,
    const std::vector<TSEncoding::TSEncoding>& encodings,
    const std::vector<CompressionType::CompressionType>& compressors) {
  TSCreateAlignedTimeseriesReq request;
  request.__set_prefixPath(deviceId);
  request.__set_measurements(measurements);

  vector<int> dataTypesOrdinal;
  dataTypesOrdinal.reserve(dataTypes.size());
  for (TSDataType::TSDataType dataType : dataTypes) {
    dataTypesOrdinal.push_back(dataType);
  }
  request.__set_dataTypes(dataTypesOrdinal);

  vector<int> encodingsOrdinal;
  encodingsOrdinal.reserve(encodings.size());
  for (TSEncoding::TSEncoding encoding : encodings) {
    encodingsOrdinal.push_back(encoding);
  }
  request.__set_encodings(encodingsOrdinal);

  vector<int> compressorsOrdinal;
  compressorsOrdinal.reserve(compressors.size());
  for (CompressionType::CompressionType compressor : compressors) {
    compressorsOrdinal.push_back(compressor);
  }
  request.__set_compressors(compressorsOrdinal);

  impl_->getDefaultSessionConnection()->createAlignedTimeseries(request);
}

bool Session::checkTimeseriesExists(const string& path) {
  try {
    std::unique_ptr<SessionDataSet> dataset = executeQueryStatement("SHOW TIMESERIES " + path);
    if (dataset == nullptr) {
      throw IoTDBException("executeQueryStatement failed");
    }
    bool isExisted = dataset->hasNext();
    dataset->closeOperationHandle();
    return isExisted;
  } catch (const exception& e) {
    log_debug(e.what());
    throw IoTDBException(e.what());
  }
}

shared_ptr<SessionConnection> Session::Impl::getQuerySessionConnection() {
  auto defaultSessionConnection = getDefaultSessionConnection();
  auto endPoint = nodesSupplier_->getQueryEndPoint();
  if (!endPoint.is_initialized() || endPointToSessionConnection.empty()) {
    return defaultSessionConnection;
  }

  auto it = endPointToSessionConnection.find(endPoint.value());
  if (it != endPointToSessionConnection.end()) {
    return it->second;
  }

  getDefaultSessionConnection();
  shared_ptr<SessionConnection> newConnection;
  try {
    newConnection =
        make_shared<SessionConnection>(this, endPoint.value(), zoneId_, nodesSupplier_, fetchSize_,
                                       60, 500, connectTimeoutMs_, sqlDialect_, database_);
    endPointToSessionConnection.emplace(endPoint.value(), newConnection);
    return newConnection;
  } catch (exception& e) {
    log_debug("Session::Impl::getQuerySessionConnection() exception: " + e.what());
    return getDefaultSessionConnection();
  }
}

shared_ptr<SessionConnection> Session::Impl::getSessionConnection(std::string deviceId) {
  if (!enableRedirection_ || deviceIdToEndpoint.find(deviceId) == deviceIdToEndpoint.end() ||
      endPointToSessionConnection.find(deviceIdToEndpoint[deviceId]) ==
          endPointToSessionConnection.end()) {
    return getDefaultSessionConnection();
  }
  return endPointToSessionConnection.find(deviceIdToEndpoint[deviceId])->second;
}

shared_ptr<SessionConnection>
Session::Impl::getSessionConnection(std::shared_ptr<storage::IDeviceID> deviceId) {
  if (!enableRedirection_ ||
      tableModelDeviceIdToEndpoint.find(deviceId) == tableModelDeviceIdToEndpoint.end() ||
      endPointToSessionConnection.find(tableModelDeviceIdToEndpoint[deviceId]) ==
          endPointToSessionConnection.end()) {
    return getDefaultSessionConnection();
  }
  return endPointToSessionConnection.find(tableModelDeviceIdToEndpoint[deviceId])->second;
}

string Session::getTimeZone() {
  auto ret = impl_->getDefaultSessionConnection()->getTimeZone();
  return ret.timeZone;
}

void Session::setTimeZone(const string& zoneId) {
  TSSetTimeZoneReq req;
  req.__set_sessionId(impl_->getDefaultSessionConnection()->sessionId);
  req.__set_timeZone(zoneId);
  impl_->getDefaultSessionConnection()->setTimeZone(req);
}

unique_ptr<SessionDataSet> Session::executeQueryStatement(const string& sql) {
  return executeQueryStatementMayRedirect(sql, QUERY_TIMEOUT_MS);
}

unique_ptr<SessionDataSet> Session::executeQueryStatement(const string& sql, int64_t timeoutInMs) {
  return executeQueryStatementMayRedirect(sql, timeoutInMs);
}

void Session::Impl::handleQueryRedirection(TEndPoint endPoint) {
  if (!enableRedirection_)
    return;
  getDefaultSessionConnection();
  shared_ptr<SessionConnection> newConnection;
  auto it = endPointToSessionConnection.find(endPoint);
  if (it != endPointToSessionConnection.end()) {
    newConnection = it->second;
  } else {
    try {
      newConnection =
          make_shared<SessionConnection>(this, endPoint, zoneId_, nodesSupplier_, fetchSize_, 60,
                                         500, connectTimeoutMs_, sqlDialect_, database_);

      endPointToSessionConnection.emplace(endPoint, newConnection);
    } catch (exception& e) {
      throw IoTDBConnectionException(e.what());
    }
  }
  defaultSessionConnection_ = newConnection;
}

void Session::Impl::handleRedirection(const std::string& deviceId, TEndPoint endPoint) {
  if (!enableRedirection_)
    return;
  if (UrlUtils::isWildcardAddress(endPoint.ip))
    return;
  getDefaultSessionConnection();
  deviceIdToEndpoint[deviceId] = endPoint;

  shared_ptr<SessionConnection> newConnection;
  auto it = endPointToSessionConnection.find(endPoint);
  if (it != endPointToSessionConnection.end()) {
    newConnection = it->second;
  } else {
    try {
      newConnection =
          make_shared<SessionConnection>(this, endPoint, zoneId_, nodesSupplier_, fetchSize_, 60,
                                         500, 1000, sqlDialect_, database_);
      endPointToSessionConnection.emplace(endPoint, newConnection);
    } catch (exception& e) {
      deviceIdToEndpoint.erase(deviceId);
      throw IoTDBConnectionException(e.what());
    }
  }
}

void Session::Impl::handleRedirection(const std::shared_ptr<storage::IDeviceID>& deviceId,
                                      TEndPoint endPoint) {
  if (!enableRedirection_)
    return;
  if (UrlUtils::isWildcardAddress(endPoint.ip))
    return;
  getDefaultSessionConnection();
  tableModelDeviceIdToEndpoint[deviceId] = endPoint;

  shared_ptr<SessionConnection> newConnection;
  auto it = endPointToSessionConnection.find(endPoint);
  if (it != endPointToSessionConnection.end()) {
    newConnection = it->second;
  } else {
    try {
      newConnection =
          make_shared<SessionConnection>(this, endPoint, zoneId_, nodesSupplier_, fetchSize_, 3,
                                         500, connectTimeoutMs_, sqlDialect_, database_);
      endPointToSessionConnection.emplace(endPoint, newConnection);
    } catch (exception& e) {
      tableModelDeviceIdToEndpoint.erase(deviceId);
      throw IoTDBConnectionException(e.what());
    }
  }
}

std::unique_ptr<SessionDataSet> Session::executeQueryStatementMayRedirect(const std::string& sql,
                                                                          int64_t timeoutInMs) {
  auto sessionConnection = impl_->getQuerySessionConnection();
  if (!sessionConnection) {
    log_warn("Session connection not found");
    return nullptr;
  }
  try {
    return sessionConnection->executeQueryStatement(sql, timeoutInMs);
  } catch (RedirectException& e) {
    log_warn("Session connection redirect exception: " + e.what());
    impl_->handleQueryRedirection(endpointToThrift(e.endPoint));
    try {
      return impl_->getDefaultSessionConnection()->executeQueryStatement(sql, timeoutInMs);
    } catch (exception& e) {
      log_error("Exception while executing redirected query statement: %s", e.what());
      throw ExecutionException(e.what());
    }
  } catch (exception& e) {
    log_error("Exception while executing query statement: %s", e.what());
    throw;
  }
}

void Session::executeNonQueryStatement(const string& sql) {
  try {
    impl_->getDefaultSessionConnection()->executeNonQueryStatement(sql);
  } catch (const IoTDBConnectionException&) {
    throw;
  } catch (const exception& e) {
    throw IoTDBException(e.what());
  }
}

unique_ptr<SessionDataSet> Session::executeRawDataQuery(const vector<string>& paths,
                                                        int64_t startTime, int64_t endTime) {
  return impl_->getDefaultSessionConnection()->executeRawDataQuery(paths, startTime, endTime);
}

unique_ptr<SessionDataSet> Session::executeLastDataQuery(const vector<string>& paths) {
  return executeLastDataQuery(paths, LONG_LONG_MIN);
}

unique_ptr<SessionDataSet> Session::executeLastDataQuery(const vector<string>& paths,
                                                         int64_t lastTime) {
  return impl_->getDefaultSessionConnection()->executeLastDataQuery(paths, lastTime);
}

void Session::createSchemaTemplate(const Template& templ) {
  TSCreateSchemaTemplateReq req;
  req.__set_name(templ.getName());
  req.__set_serializedTemplate(templ.serialize());
  impl_->getDefaultSessionConnection()->createSchemaTemplate(req);
}

void Session::setSchemaTemplate(const string& template_name, const string& prefix_path) {
  TSSetSchemaTemplateReq req;
  req.__set_templateName(template_name);
  req.__set_prefixPath(prefix_path);
  impl_->getDefaultSessionConnection()->setSchemaTemplate(req);
}

void Session::unsetSchemaTemplate(const string& prefix_path, const string& template_name) {
  TSUnsetSchemaTemplateReq req;
  req.__set_templateName(template_name);
  req.__set_prefixPath(prefix_path);
  impl_->getDefaultSessionConnection()->unsetSchemaTemplate(req);
}

void Session::addAlignedMeasurementsInTemplate(
    const string& template_name, const vector<std::string>& measurements,
    const vector<TSDataType::TSDataType>& dataTypes,
    const vector<TSEncoding::TSEncoding>& encodings,
    const vector<CompressionType::CompressionType>& compressors) {
  TSAppendSchemaTemplateReq req;
  req.__set_name(template_name);
  req.__set_measurements(measurements);
  req.__set_isAligned(true);

  vector<int> dataTypesOrdinal;
  dataTypesOrdinal.reserve(dataTypes.size());
  for (TSDataType::TSDataType dataType : dataTypes) {
    dataTypesOrdinal.push_back(dataType);
  }
  req.__set_dataTypes(dataTypesOrdinal);

  vector<int> encodingsOrdinal;
  encodingsOrdinal.reserve(encodings.size());
  for (TSEncoding::TSEncoding encoding : encodings) {
    encodingsOrdinal.push_back(encoding);
  }
  req.__set_encodings(encodingsOrdinal);

  vector<int> compressorsOrdinal;
  compressorsOrdinal.reserve(compressors.size());
  for (CompressionType::CompressionType compressor : compressors) {
    compressorsOrdinal.push_back(compressor);
  }
  req.__set_compressors(compressorsOrdinal);

  impl_->getDefaultSessionConnection()->appendSchemaTemplate(req);
}

void Session::addAlignedMeasurementsInTemplate(const string& template_name,
                                               const string& measurement,
                                               TSDataType::TSDataType dataType,
                                               TSEncoding::TSEncoding encoding,
                                               CompressionType::CompressionType compressor) {
  vector<std::string> measurements(1, measurement);
  vector<TSDataType::TSDataType> dataTypes(1, dataType);
  vector<TSEncoding::TSEncoding> encodings(1, encoding);
  vector<CompressionType::CompressionType> compressors(1, compressor);
  addAlignedMeasurementsInTemplate(template_name, measurements, dataTypes, encodings, compressors);
}

void Session::addUnalignedMeasurementsInTemplate(
    const string& template_name, const vector<std::string>& measurements,
    const vector<TSDataType::TSDataType>& dataTypes,
    const vector<TSEncoding::TSEncoding>& encodings,
    const vector<CompressionType::CompressionType>& compressors) {
  TSAppendSchemaTemplateReq req;
  req.__set_name(template_name);
  req.__set_measurements(measurements);
  req.__set_isAligned(false);

  vector<int> dataTypesOrdinal;
  dataTypesOrdinal.reserve(dataTypes.size());
  for (TSDataType::TSDataType dataType : dataTypes) {
    dataTypesOrdinal.push_back(dataType);
  }
  req.__set_dataTypes(dataTypesOrdinal);

  vector<int> encodingsOrdinal;
  encodingsOrdinal.reserve(encodings.size());
  for (TSEncoding::TSEncoding encoding : encodings) {
    encodingsOrdinal.push_back(encoding);
  }
  req.__set_encodings(encodingsOrdinal);

  vector<int> compressorsOrdinal;
  compressorsOrdinal.reserve(compressors.size());
  for (CompressionType::CompressionType compressor : compressors) {
    compressorsOrdinal.push_back(compressor);
  }
  req.__set_compressors(compressorsOrdinal);

  impl_->getDefaultSessionConnection()->appendSchemaTemplate(req);
}

void Session::addUnalignedMeasurementsInTemplate(const string& template_name,
                                                 const string& measurement,
                                                 TSDataType::TSDataType dataType,
                                                 TSEncoding::TSEncoding encoding,
                                                 CompressionType::CompressionType compressor) {
  vector<std::string> measurements(1, measurement);
  vector<TSDataType::TSDataType> dataTypes(1, dataType);
  vector<TSEncoding::TSEncoding> encodings(1, encoding);
  vector<CompressionType::CompressionType> compressors(1, compressor);
  addUnalignedMeasurementsInTemplate(template_name, measurements, dataTypes, encodings,
                                     compressors);
}

void Session::deleteNodeInTemplate(const string& template_name, const string& path) {
  TSPruneSchemaTemplateReq req;
  req.__set_name(template_name);
  req.__set_path(path);
  impl_->getDefaultSessionConnection()->pruneSchemaTemplate(req);
}

int Session::countMeasurementsInTemplate(const string& template_name) {
  TSQueryTemplateReq req;
  req.__set_name(template_name);
  req.__set_queryType(TemplateQueryType::COUNT_MEASUREMENTS);
  TSQueryTemplateResp resp = impl_->getDefaultSessionConnection()->querySchemaTemplate(req);
  return resp.count;
}

bool Session::isMeasurementInTemplate(const string& template_name, const string& path) {
  TSQueryTemplateReq req;
  req.__set_name(template_name);
  req.__set_measurement(path);
  req.__set_queryType(TemplateQueryType::IS_MEASUREMENT);
  TSQueryTemplateResp resp = impl_->getDefaultSessionConnection()->querySchemaTemplate(req);
  return resp.result;
}

bool Session::isPathExistInTemplate(const string& template_name, const string& path) {
  TSQueryTemplateReq req;
  req.__set_name(template_name);
  req.__set_measurement(path);
  req.__set_queryType(TemplateQueryType::PATH_EXIST);
  TSQueryTemplateResp resp = impl_->getDefaultSessionConnection()->querySchemaTemplate(req);
  return resp.result;
}

std::vector<std::string> Session::showMeasurementsInTemplate(const string& template_name) {
  TSQueryTemplateReq req;
  req.__set_name(template_name);
  req.__set_measurement("");
  req.__set_queryType(TemplateQueryType::SHOW_MEASUREMENTS);
  TSQueryTemplateResp resp = impl_->getDefaultSessionConnection()->querySchemaTemplate(req);
  return resp.measurements;
}

std::vector<std::string> Session::showMeasurementsInTemplate(const string& template_name,
                                                             const string& pattern) {
  TSQueryTemplateReq req;
  req.__set_name(template_name);
  req.__set_measurement(pattern);
  req.__set_queryType(TemplateQueryType::SHOW_MEASUREMENTS);
  TSQueryTemplateResp resp = impl_->getDefaultSessionConnection()->querySchemaTemplate(req);
  return resp.measurements;
}

bool Session::checkTemplateExists(const string& template_name) {
  try {
    std::unique_ptr<SessionDataSet> dataset =
        executeQueryStatement("SHOW NODES IN DEVICE TEMPLATE " + template_name);
    if (dataset == nullptr) {
      throw IoTDBException("executeQueryStatement failed");
    }
    bool isExisted = dataset->hasNext();
    dataset->closeOperationHandle();
    return isExisted;
  } catch (const exception& e) {
    if (strstr(e.what(), "does not exist") != NULL) {
      return false;
    }
    log_debug(e.what());
    throw IoTDBException(e.what());
  }
}