server/src/main/java/org/apache/iotdb/db/engine/storagegroup/StorageGroupProcessor.java

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */
package org.apache.iotdb.db.engine.storagegroup;

import org.apache.iotdb.db.conf.IoTDBConfig;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.conf.IoTDBConstant;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.conf.IoTDBDescriptor;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.conf.directories.DirectoryManager;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.engine.StorageEngine;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.engine.compaction.CompactionMergeTaskPoolManager;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.engine.compaction.TsFileManagement;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.engine.compaction.level.LevelCompactionTsFileManagement;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.engine.fileSystem.SystemFileFactory;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.engine.flush.CloseFileListener;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.engine.flush.FlushListener;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.engine.flush.TsFileFlushPolicy;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.engine.merge.manage.MergeManager;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.engine.merge.task.RecoverMergeTask;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.engine.modification.Deletion;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.engine.modification.ModificationFile;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.engine.querycontext.QueryDataSource;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.engine.storagegroup.timeindex.DeviceTimeIndex;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.engine.trigger.executor.TriggerEngine;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.engine.trigger.executor.TriggerEvent;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.engine.upgrade.UpgradeCheckStatus;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.engine.upgrade.UpgradeLog;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.engine.version.SimpleFileVersionController;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.engine.version.VersionController;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.exception.BatchProcessException;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.exception.DiskSpaceInsufficientException;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.exception.LoadFileException;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.exception.StorageGroupProcessorException;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.exception.TriggerExecutionException;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.exception.TsFileProcessorException;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.exception.WriteProcessException;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.exception.WriteProcessRejectException;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.exception.metadata.IllegalPathException;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.exception.metadata.MetadataException;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.exception.query.OutOfTTLException;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.exception.query.QueryProcessException;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.metadata.PartialPath;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.metadata.mnode.IMNode;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.metadata.mnode.IMeasurementMNode;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.qp.physical.crud.DeletePlan;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.qp.physical.crud.InsertRowPlan;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.qp.physical.crud.InsertRowsOfOneDevicePlan;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.qp.physical.crud.InsertTabletPlan;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.query.context.QueryContext;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.query.control.QueryFileManager;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.service.IoTDB;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.utils.CopyOnReadLinkedList;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.utils.MmapUtil;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.utils.TestOnly;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.utils.UpgradeUtils;
import org.apache.iotdb.db.writelog.recover.TsFileRecoverPerformer;
import org.apache.iotdb.rpc.RpcUtils;
import org.apache.iotdb.rpc.TSStatusCode;
import org.apache.iotdb.service.rpc.thrift.TSStatus;
import org.apache.iotdb.tsfile.file.metadata.ChunkMetadata;
import org.apache.iotdb.tsfile.fileSystem.FSFactoryProducer;
import org.apache.iotdb.tsfile.fileSystem.fsFactory.FSFactory;
import org.apache.iotdb.tsfile.read.TimeValuePair;
import org.apache.iotdb.tsfile.read.filter.basic.Filter;
import org.apache.iotdb.tsfile.utils.Pair;
import org.apache.iotdb.tsfile.write.schema.IMeasurementSchema;
import org.apache.iotdb.tsfile.write.writer.RestorableTsFileIOWriter;

import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.MappedByteBuffer;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Deque;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.TreeMap;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;

import static org.apache.iotdb.db.conf.IoTDBConstant.FILE_NAME_SEPARATOR;
import static org.apache.iotdb.db.engine.merge.task.MergeTask.MERGE_SUFFIX;
import static org.apache.iotdb.db.engine.storagegroup.TsFileResource.TEMP_SUFFIX;
import static org.apache.iotdb.tsfile.common.constant.TsFileConstant.TSFILE_SUFFIX;

/**
 * For sequence data, a StorageGroupProcessor has some TsFileProcessors, in which there is only one
 * TsFileProcessor in the working status. <br>
 *
 * <p>There are two situations to set the working TsFileProcessor to closing status:<br>
 *
 * <p>(1) when inserting data into the TsFileProcessor, and the TsFileProcessor shouldFlush() (or
 * shouldClose())<br>
 *
 * <p>(2) someone calls syncCloseAllWorkingTsFileProcessors(). (up to now, only flush command from
 * cli will call this method)<br>
 *
 * <p>UnSequence data has the similar process as above.
 *
 * <p>When a sequence TsFileProcessor is submitted to be flushed, the
 * updateLatestFlushTimeCallback() method will be called as a callback.<br>
 *
 * <p>When a TsFileProcessor is closed, the closeUnsealedTsFileProcessorCallBack() method will be
 * called as a callback.
 */
public class StorageGroupProcessor {

  public static final String MERGING_MODIFICATION_FILE_NAME = "merge.mods";
  private static final IoTDBConfig config = IoTDBDescriptor.getInstance().getConfig();
  private static final Logger DEBUG_LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger("QUERY_DEBUG");

  /**
   * All newly generated chunks after merge have version number 0, so we set merged Modification
   * file version to 1 to take effect
   */
  private static final int MERGE_MOD_START_VERSION_NUM = 1;

  private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(StorageGroupProcessor.class);
  /** indicating the file to be loaded already exists locally. */
  private static final int POS_ALREADY_EXIST = -2;
  /** indicating the file to be loaded overlap with some files. */
  private static final int POS_OVERLAP = -3;

  private final boolean enableMemControl = config.isEnableMemControl();
  /**
   * a read write lock for guaranteeing concurrent safety when accessing all fields in this class
   * (i.e., schema, (un)sequenceFileList, work(un)SequenceTsFileProcessor,
   * closing(Un)SequenceTsFileProcessor, latestTimeForEachDevice, and
   * partitionLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice)
   */
  private final ReadWriteLock insertLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
  /** closeStorageGroupCondition is used to wait for all currently closing TsFiles to be done. */
  private final Object closeStorageGroupCondition = new Object();
  /**
   * avoid some tsfileResource is changed (e.g., from unsealed to sealed) when a query is executed.
   */
  private final ReadWriteLock closeQueryLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
  /** time partition id in the storage group -> tsFileProcessor for this time partition */
  private final TreeMap<Long, TsFileProcessor> workSequenceTsFileProcessors = new TreeMap<>();
  /** time partition id in the storage group -> tsFileProcessor for this time partition */
  private final TreeMap<Long, TsFileProcessor> workUnsequenceTsFileProcessors = new TreeMap<>();
  /** compactionMergeWorking is used to wait for last compaction to be done. */
  private volatile boolean compactionMergeWorking = false;
  // upgrading sequence TsFile resource list
  private List<TsFileResource> upgradeSeqFileList = new LinkedList<>();

  /** sequence tsfile processors which are closing */
  private CopyOnReadLinkedList<TsFileProcessor> closingSequenceTsFileProcessor =
      new CopyOnReadLinkedList<>();

  // upgrading unsequence TsFile resource list
  private List<TsFileResource> upgradeUnseqFileList = new LinkedList<>();

  /** unsequence tsfile processors which are closing */
  private CopyOnReadLinkedList<TsFileProcessor> closingUnSequenceTsFileProcessor =
      new CopyOnReadLinkedList<>();

  private AtomicInteger upgradeFileCount = new AtomicInteger();
  /*
   * time partition id -> map, which contains
   * device -> global latest timestamp of each device latestTimeForEachDevice caches non-flushed
   * changes upon timestamps of each device, and is used to update partitionLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice
   * when a flush is issued.
   */
  private Map<Long, Map<String, Long>> latestTimeForEachDevice = new HashMap<>();
  /**
   * time partition id -> map, which contains device -> largest timestamp of the latest memtable to
   * be submitted to asyncTryToFlush partitionLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice determines whether a
   * data point should be put into a sequential file or an unsequential file. Data of some device
   * with timestamp less than or equals to the device's latestFlushedTime should go into an
   * unsequential file.
   */
  private Map<Long, Map<String, Long>> partitionLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice = new HashMap<>();

  /** used to record the latest flush time while upgrading and inserting */
  private Map<Long, Map<String, Long>> newlyFlushedPartitionLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice =
      new HashMap<>();
  /**
   * global mapping of device -> largest timestamp of the latest memtable to * be submitted to
   * asyncTryToFlush, globalLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice is utilized to maintain global
   * latestFlushedTime of devices and will be updated along with
   * partitionLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice
   */
  private Map<String, Long> globalLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice = new HashMap<>();

  /** virtual storage group id */
  private String virtualStorageGroupId;

  /** logical storage group name */
  private String logicalStorageGroupName;

  /** storage group system directory */
  private File storageGroupSysDir;

  /** manage seqFileList and unSeqFileList */
  private TsFileManagement tsFileManagement;
  /**
   * time partition id -> version controller which assigns a version for each MemTable and
   * deletion/update such that after they are persisted, the order of insertions, deletions and
   * updates can be re-determined. Will be empty if there are not MemTables in memory.
   */
  private HashMap<Long, VersionController> timePartitionIdVersionControllerMap = new HashMap<>();
  /**
   * when the data in a storage group is older than dataTTL, it is considered invalid and will be
   * eventually removed.
   */
  private long dataTTL = Long.MAX_VALUE;

  /** file system factory (local or hdfs) */
  private FSFactory fsFactory = FSFactoryProducer.getFSFactory();

  /** file flush policy */
  private TsFileFlushPolicy fileFlushPolicy;

  /**
   * The max file versions in each partition. By recording this, if several IoTDB instances have the
   * same policy of closing file and their ingestion is identical, then files of the same version in
   * different IoTDB instance will have identical data, providing convenience for data comparison
   * across different instances. partition number -> max version number
   */
  private Map<Long, Long> partitionMaxFileVersions = new HashMap<>();

  /** storage group info for mem control */
  private StorageGroupInfo storageGroupInfo = new StorageGroupInfo(this);
  /**
   * Record the device number of the last TsFile in each storage group, which is applied to
   * initialize the array size of DeviceTimeIndex. It is reasonable to assume that the adjacent
   * files should have similar numbers of devices. Default value: INIT_ARRAY_SIZE = 64
   */
  private int deviceNumInLastClosedTsFile = DeviceTimeIndex.INIT_ARRAY_SIZE;

  /** whether it's ready from recovery */
  private boolean isReady = false;

  /** close file listeners */
  private List<CloseFileListener> customCloseFileListeners = Collections.emptyList();

  /** flush listeners */
  private List<FlushListener> customFlushListeners = Collections.emptyList();

  private static final int WAL_BUFFER_SIZE =
      IoTDBDescriptor.getInstance().getConfig().getWalBufferSize() / 2;

  private final Deque<ByteBuffer> walByteBufferPool = new LinkedList<>();

  private int currentWalPoolSize = 0;

  // this field is used to avoid when one writer release bytebuffer back to pool,
  // and the next writer has already arrived, but the check thread get the lock first, it find the
  // pool
  // is not empty, so it free the memory. When the next writer get the lock, it will apply the
  // memory again.
  // So our free memory strategy is only when the expected size less than the current pool size
  // and the pool is not empty and the time interval since the pool is not empty is larger than
  // DEFAULT_POOL_TRIM_INTERVAL_MILLIS
  private long timeWhenPoolNotEmpty = Long.MAX_VALUE;

  /**
   * record the insertWriteLock in SG is being hold by which method, it will be empty string if on
   * one holds the insertWriteLock
   */
  private String insertWriteLockHolder = "";

  /** get the direct byte buffer from pool, each fetch contains two ByteBuffer */
  public ByteBuffer[] getWalDirectByteBuffer() {
    ByteBuffer[] res = new ByteBuffer[2];
    synchronized (walByteBufferPool) {
      long startTime = System.nanoTime();
      int MAX_WAL_BYTEBUFFER_NUM =
          config.getConcurrentWritingTimePartition()
              * config.getMaxWalBytebufferNumForEachPartition();
      while (walByteBufferPool.isEmpty() && currentWalPoolSize + 2 > MAX_WAL_BYTEBUFFER_NUM) {
        try {
          walByteBufferPool.wait();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
          Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
          logger.error(
              "getDirectByteBuffer occurs error while waiting for DirectByteBuffer" + "group {}-{}",
              logicalStorageGroupName,
              virtualStorageGroupId,
              e);
        }
        logger.info(
            "Waiting {} ms for wal direct byte buffer.",
            (System.nanoTime() - startTime) / 1_000_000);
      }
      // If the queue is not empty, it must have at least two.
      if (!walByteBufferPool.isEmpty()) {
        res[0] = walByteBufferPool.pollFirst();
        res[1] = walByteBufferPool.pollFirst();
      } else {
        // if the queue is empty and current size is less than MAX_BYTEBUFFER_NUM
        // we can construct another two more new byte buffer
        currentWalPoolSize += 2;
        res[0] = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(WAL_BUFFER_SIZE);
        res[1] = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(WAL_BUFFER_SIZE);
      }
      // if the pool is empty, set the time back to MAX_VALUE
      if (walByteBufferPool.isEmpty()) {
        timeWhenPoolNotEmpty = Long.MAX_VALUE;
      }
    }
    return res;
  }

  /** put the byteBuffer back to pool */
  public void releaseWalBuffer(ByteBuffer[] byteBuffers) {
    for (ByteBuffer byteBuffer : byteBuffers) {
      byteBuffer.clear();
    }
    synchronized (walByteBufferPool) {
      // if the pool is empty before, update the time
      if (walByteBufferPool.isEmpty()) {
        timeWhenPoolNotEmpty = System.nanoTime();
      }
      walByteBufferPool.addLast(byteBuffers[0]);
      walByteBufferPool.addLast(byteBuffers[1]);
      walByteBufferPool.notifyAll();
    }
  }

  /** trim the size of the pool and release the memory of needless direct byte buffer */
  private void trimTask() {
    synchronized (walByteBufferPool) {
      int expectedSize =
          (workSequenceTsFileProcessors.size() + workUnsequenceTsFileProcessors.size()) * 2;
      // the unit is ms
      long poolNotEmptyIntervalInMS = (System.nanoTime() - timeWhenPoolNotEmpty) / 1_000_000;
      // only when the expected size less than the current pool size
      // and the pool is not empty and the time interval since the pool is not empty is larger than
      // 10s
      // we will trim the size to expectedSize until the pool is empty
      while (expectedSize < currentWalPoolSize
          && !walByteBufferPool.isEmpty()
          && poolNotEmptyIntervalInMS >= config.getWalPoolTrimIntervalInMS()) {
        MmapUtil.clean((MappedByteBuffer) walByteBufferPool.removeLast());
        MmapUtil.clean((MappedByteBuffer) walByteBufferPool.removeLast());
        currentWalPoolSize -= 2;
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * constrcut a storage group processor
   *
   * @param systemDir system dir path
   * @param virtualStorageGroupId virtual storage group id e.g. 1
   * @param fileFlushPolicy file flush policy
   * @param logicalStorageGroupName logical storage group name e.g. root.sg1
   */
  public StorageGroupProcessor(
      String systemDir,
      String virtualStorageGroupId,
      TsFileFlushPolicy fileFlushPolicy,
      String logicalStorageGroupName)
      throws StorageGroupProcessorException {
    this.virtualStorageGroupId = virtualStorageGroupId;
    this.logicalStorageGroupName = logicalStorageGroupName;
    this.fileFlushPolicy = fileFlushPolicy;

    storageGroupSysDir = SystemFileFactory.INSTANCE.getFile(systemDir, virtualStorageGroupId);
    if (storageGroupSysDir.mkdirs()) {
      logger.info(
          "Storage Group system Directory {} doesn't exist, create it",
          storageGroupSysDir.getPath());
    } else if (!storageGroupSysDir.exists()) {
      logger.error("create Storage Group system Directory {} failed", storageGroupSysDir.getPath());
    }
    this.tsFileManagement =
        IoTDBDescriptor.getInstance()
            .getConfig()
            .getCompactionStrategy()
            .getTsFileManagement(logicalStorageGroupName, storageGroupSysDir.getAbsolutePath());

    ScheduledExecutorService executorService = Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor();
    executorService.scheduleWithFixedDelay(
        this::trimTask,
        config.getWalPoolTrimIntervalInMS(),
        config.getWalPoolTrimIntervalInMS(),
        TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
    recover();
  }

  public String getLogicalStorageGroupName() {
    return logicalStorageGroupName;
  }

  public boolean isReady() {
    return isReady;
  }

  public void setReady(boolean ready) {
    isReady = ready;
  }

  private Map<Long, List<TsFileResource>> splitResourcesByPartition(
      List<TsFileResource> resources) {
    Map<Long, List<TsFileResource>> ret = new HashMap<>();
    for (TsFileResource resource : resources) {
      ret.computeIfAbsent(resource.getTimePartition(), l -> new ArrayList<>()).add(resource);
    }
    return ret;
  }

  /** recover from file */
  private void recover() throws StorageGroupProcessorException {
    logger.info(
        String.format(
            "start recovering virtual storage group %s[%s]",
            logicalStorageGroupName, virtualStorageGroupId));

    try {
      // collect candidate TsFiles from sequential and unsequential data directory
      Pair<List<TsFileResource>, List<TsFileResource>> seqTsFilesPair =
          getAllFiles(DirectoryManager.getInstance().getAllSequenceFileFolders());
      List<TsFileResource> tmpSeqTsFiles = seqTsFilesPair.left;
      List<TsFileResource> oldSeqTsFiles = seqTsFilesPair.right;
      upgradeSeqFileList.addAll(oldSeqTsFiles);
      Pair<List<TsFileResource>, List<TsFileResource>> unseqTsFilesPair =
          getAllFiles(DirectoryManager.getInstance().getAllUnSequenceFileFolders());
      List<TsFileResource> tmpUnseqTsFiles = unseqTsFilesPair.left;
      List<TsFileResource> oldUnseqTsFiles = unseqTsFilesPair.right;
      upgradeUnseqFileList.addAll(oldUnseqTsFiles);

      if (upgradeSeqFileList.size() + upgradeUnseqFileList.size() != 0) {
        upgradeFileCount.set(upgradeSeqFileList.size() + upgradeUnseqFileList.size());
      }

      // split by partition so that we can find the last file of each partition and decide to
      // close it or not
      Map<Long, List<TsFileResource>> partitionTmpSeqTsFiles =
          splitResourcesByPartition(tmpSeqTsFiles);
      Map<Long, List<TsFileResource>> partitionTmpUnseqTsFiles =
          splitResourcesByPartition(tmpUnseqTsFiles);
      for (List<TsFileResource> value : partitionTmpSeqTsFiles.values()) {
        recoverTsFiles(value, true);
      }
      for (List<TsFileResource> value : partitionTmpUnseqTsFiles.values()) {
        recoverTsFiles(value, false);
      }

      String taskName =
          logicalStorageGroupName + "-" + virtualStorageGroupId + "-" + System.currentTimeMillis();
      File mergingMods =
          SystemFileFactory.INSTANCE.getFile(storageGroupSysDir, MERGING_MODIFICATION_FILE_NAME);
      if (mergingMods.exists()) {
        this.tsFileManagement.mergingModification = new ModificationFile(mergingMods.getPath());
      }
      RecoverMergeTask recoverMergeTask =
          new RecoverMergeTask(
              new ArrayList<>(tsFileManagement.getTsFileList(true)),
              tsFileManagement.getTsFileList(false),
              storageGroupSysDir.getPath(),
              tsFileManagement::mergeEndAction,
              taskName,
              IoTDBDescriptor.getInstance().getConfig().isForceFullMerge(),
              logicalStorageGroupName);
      logger.info(
          "{} - {} a RecoverMergeTask {} starts...",
          logicalStorageGroupName,
          virtualStorageGroupId,
          taskName);
      recoverMergeTask.recoverMerge(
          IoTDBDescriptor.getInstance().getConfig().isContinueMergeAfterReboot());
      if (!IoTDBDescriptor.getInstance().getConfig().isContinueMergeAfterReboot()) {
        mergingMods.delete();
      }
      recoverCompaction();
      for (TsFileResource resource : tsFileManagement.getTsFileList(true)) {
        long partitionNum = resource.getTimePartition();
        updatePartitionFileVersion(partitionNum, resource.getVersion());
      }
      for (TsFileResource resource : tsFileManagement.getTsFileList(false)) {
        long partitionNum = resource.getTimePartition();
        updatePartitionFileVersion(partitionNum, resource.getVersion());
      }
      for (TsFileResource resource : upgradeSeqFileList) {
        long partitionNum = resource.getTimePartition();
        updatePartitionFileVersion(partitionNum, resource.getVersion());
      }
      for (TsFileResource resource : upgradeUnseqFileList) {
        long partitionNum = resource.getTimePartition();
        updatePartitionFileVersion(partitionNum, resource.getVersion());
      }
      updateLatestFlushedTime();
    } catch (IOException | MetadataException e) {
      throw new StorageGroupProcessorException(e);
    }

    List<TsFileResource> seqTsFileResources = tsFileManagement.getTsFileList(true);
    for (TsFileResource resource : seqTsFileResources) {
      long timePartitionId = resource.getTimePartition();
      Map<String, Long> endTimeMap = new HashMap<>();
      for (String deviceId : resource.getDevices()) {
        long endTime = resource.getEndTime(deviceId);
        endTimeMap.put(deviceId, endTime);
      }
      latestTimeForEachDevice
          .computeIfAbsent(timePartitionId, l -> new HashMap<>())
          .putAll(endTimeMap);
      partitionLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice
          .computeIfAbsent(timePartitionId, id -> new HashMap<>())
          .putAll(endTimeMap);
      globalLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice.putAll(endTimeMap);
    }

    if (IoTDBDescriptor.getInstance().getConfig().isEnableContinuousCompaction()
        && seqTsFileResources.size() > 0) {
      for (long timePartitionId : timePartitionIdVersionControllerMap.keySet()) {
        executeCompaction(
            timePartitionId, IoTDBDescriptor.getInstance().getConfig().isForceFullMerge());
      }
    }

    logger.info(
        String.format(
            "the virtual storage group %s[%s] is recovered successfully",
            logicalStorageGroupName, virtualStorageGroupId));
  }

  private void recoverCompaction() {
    if (!CompactionMergeTaskPoolManager.getInstance().isTerminated()) {
      compactionMergeWorking = true;
      logger.info(
          "{} - {} submit a compaction recover merge task",
          logicalStorageGroupName,
          virtualStorageGroupId);
      try {
        CompactionMergeTaskPoolManager.getInstance()
            .submitTask(
                logicalStorageGroupName,
                tsFileManagement.new CompactionRecoverTask(this::closeCompactionMergeCallBack));
      } catch (RejectedExecutionException e) {
        this.closeCompactionMergeCallBack(false, 0);
        logger.error(
            "{} - {} compaction submit task failed",
            logicalStorageGroupName,
            virtualStorageGroupId,
            e);
      }
    } else {
      logger.error(
          "{} compaction pool not started ,recover failed",
          logicalStorageGroupName + "-" + virtualStorageGroupId);
    }
  }

  private void updatePartitionFileVersion(long partitionNum, long fileVersion) {
    long oldVersion = partitionMaxFileVersions.getOrDefault(partitionNum, 0L);
    if (fileVersion > oldVersion) {
      partitionMaxFileVersions.put(partitionNum, fileVersion);
    }
  }

  /**
   * use old seq file to update latestTimeForEachDevice, globalLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice,
   * partitionLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice and timePartitionIdVersionControllerMap
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("squid:S3776") // Suppress high Cognitive Complexity warning
  private void updateLatestFlushedTime() throws IOException {

    VersionController versionController =
        new SimpleFileVersionController(storageGroupSysDir.getPath());
    long currentVersion = versionController.currVersion();
    for (TsFileResource resource : upgradeSeqFileList) {
      for (String deviceId : resource.getDevices()) {
        long endTime = resource.getEndTime(deviceId);
        long endTimePartitionId = StorageEngine.getTimePartition(endTime);
        latestTimeForEachDevice
            .computeIfAbsent(endTimePartitionId, l -> new HashMap<>())
            .put(deviceId, endTime);
        globalLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice.put(deviceId, endTime);

        // set all the covered partition's LatestFlushedTime
        long partitionId = StorageEngine.getTimePartition(resource.getStartTime(deviceId));
        while (partitionId <= endTimePartitionId) {
          partitionLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice
              .computeIfAbsent(partitionId, l -> new HashMap<>())
              .put(deviceId, endTime);
          if (!timePartitionIdVersionControllerMap.containsKey(partitionId)) {
            File directory =
                SystemFileFactory.INSTANCE.getFile(storageGroupSysDir, String.valueOf(partitionId));
            if (!directory.exists()) {
              directory.mkdirs();
            }
            File versionFile =
                SystemFileFactory.INSTANCE.getFile(
                    directory, SimpleFileVersionController.FILE_PREFIX + currentVersion);
            if (!versionFile.createNewFile()) {
              logger.warn("Version file {} has already been created ", versionFile);
            }
            timePartitionIdVersionControllerMap.put(
                partitionId,
                new SimpleFileVersionController(storageGroupSysDir.getPath(), partitionId));
          }
          partitionId++;
        }
      }
    }
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("squid:S3776") // Suppress high Cognitive Complexity warning
  private Pair<List<TsFileResource>, List<TsFileResource>> getAllFiles(List<String> folders)
      throws IOException {
    List<File> tsFiles = new ArrayList<>();
    List<File> upgradeFiles = new ArrayList<>();
    for (String baseDir : folders) {
      File fileFolder =
          fsFactory.getFile(
              baseDir + File.separator + logicalStorageGroupName, virtualStorageGroupId);
      if (!fileFolder.exists()) {
        continue;
      }

      // old version
      // some TsFileResource may be being persisted when the system crashed, try recovering such
      // resources
      continueFailedRenames(fileFolder, TEMP_SUFFIX);

      // some TsFiles were going to be replaced by the merged files when the system crashed and
      // the process was interrupted before the merged files could be named
      continueFailedRenames(fileFolder, MERGE_SUFFIX);

      File[] subFiles = fileFolder.listFiles();
      if (subFiles != null) {
        for (File partitionFolder : subFiles) {
          if (!partitionFolder.isDirectory()) {
            logger.warn("{} is not a directory.", partitionFolder.getAbsolutePath());
          } else if (!partitionFolder.getName().equals(IoTDBConstant.UPGRADE_FOLDER_NAME)) {
            // some TsFileResource may be being persisted when the system crashed, try recovering
            // such
            // resources
            continueFailedRenames(partitionFolder, TEMP_SUFFIX);

            // some TsFiles were going to be replaced by the merged files when the system crashed
            // and
            // the process was interrupted before the merged files could be named
            continueFailedRenames(partitionFolder, MERGE_SUFFIX);

            Collections.addAll(
                tsFiles,
                fsFactory.listFilesBySuffix(partitionFolder.getAbsolutePath(), TSFILE_SUFFIX));
          } else {
            // collect old TsFiles for upgrading
            Collections.addAll(
                upgradeFiles,
                fsFactory.listFilesBySuffix(partitionFolder.getAbsolutePath(), TSFILE_SUFFIX));
          }
        }
      }
    }
    tsFiles.sort(this::compareFileName);
    List<TsFileResource> ret = new ArrayList<>();
    tsFiles.forEach(f -> ret.add(new TsFileResource(f)));
    upgradeFiles.sort(this::compareFileName);
    List<TsFileResource> upgradeRet = new ArrayList<>();
    for (File f : upgradeFiles) {
      TsFileResource fileResource = new TsFileResource(f);
      fileResource.setClosed(true);
      // make sure the flush command is called before IoTDB is down.
      fileResource.deserializeFromOldFile();
      upgradeRet.add(fileResource);
    }
    return new Pair<>(ret, upgradeRet);
  }

  private void continueFailedRenames(File fileFolder, String suffix) {
    File[] files = fsFactory.listFilesBySuffix(fileFolder.getAbsolutePath(), suffix);
    if (files != null) {
      for (File tempResource : files) {
        File originResource = fsFactory.getFile(tempResource.getPath().replace(suffix, ""));
        if (originResource.exists()) {
          tempResource.delete();
        } else {
          tempResource.renameTo(originResource);
        }
      }
    }
  }

  private void recoverTsFiles(List<TsFileResource> tsFiles, boolean isSeq) {
    for (int i = 0; i < tsFiles.size(); i++) {
      TsFileResource tsFileResource = tsFiles.get(i);
      long timePartitionId = tsFileResource.getTimePartition();

      TsFileRecoverPerformer recoverPerformer =
          new TsFileRecoverPerformer(
              logicalStorageGroupName
                  + File.separator
                  + virtualStorageGroupId
                  + FILE_NAME_SEPARATOR,
              tsFileResource,
              isSeq,
              i == tsFiles.size() - 1);

      RestorableTsFileIOWriter writer;
      try {
        // this tsfile is not zero level, no need to perform redo wal
        if (LevelCompactionTsFileManagement.getMergeLevel(tsFileResource.getTsFile()) > 0) {
          writer =
              recoverPerformer.recover(false, this::getWalDirectByteBuffer, this::releaseWalBuffer);
          if (writer.hasCrashed()) {
            tsFileManagement.addRecover(tsFileResource, isSeq);
          } else {
            tsFileResource.setClosed(true);
            tsFileManagement.add(tsFileResource, isSeq);
          }
          continue;
        } else {
          writer =
              recoverPerformer.recover(true, this::getWalDirectByteBuffer, this::releaseWalBuffer);
        }
      } catch (StorageGroupProcessorException e) {
        logger.warn(
            "Skip TsFile: {} because of error in recover: ", tsFileResource.getTsFilePath(), e);
        continue;
      }

      if (i != tsFiles.size() - 1 || !writer.canWrite()) {
        // not the last file or cannot write, just close it
        tsFileResource.setClosed(true);
      } else if (writer.canWrite()) {
        // the last file is not closed, continue writing to in
        TsFileProcessor tsFileProcessor;
        if (isSeq) {
          tsFileProcessor =
              new TsFileProcessor(
                  virtualStorageGroupId,
                  storageGroupInfo,
                  tsFileResource,
                  this::closeUnsealedTsFileProcessorCallBack,
                  this::updateLatestFlushTimeCallback,
                  true,
                  writer);
          if (enableMemControl) {
            TsFileProcessorInfo tsFileProcessorInfo = new TsFileProcessorInfo(storageGroupInfo);
            tsFileProcessor.setTsFileProcessorInfo(tsFileProcessorInfo);
            this.storageGroupInfo.initTsFileProcessorInfo(tsFileProcessor);
          }
          workSequenceTsFileProcessors.put(timePartitionId, tsFileProcessor);
        } else {
          tsFileProcessor =
              new TsFileProcessor(
                  virtualStorageGroupId,
                  storageGroupInfo,
                  tsFileResource,
                  this::closeUnsealedTsFileProcessorCallBack,
                  this::unsequenceFlushCallback,
                  false,
                  writer);
          if (enableMemControl) {
            TsFileProcessorInfo tsFileProcessorInfo = new TsFileProcessorInfo(storageGroupInfo);
            tsFileProcessor.setTsFileProcessorInfo(tsFileProcessorInfo);
            this.storageGroupInfo.initTsFileProcessorInfo(tsFileProcessor);
          }
          workUnsequenceTsFileProcessors.put(timePartitionId, tsFileProcessor);
        }
        tsFileResource.setProcessor(tsFileProcessor);
        tsFileResource.removeResourceFile();
        tsFileProcessor.setTimeRangeId(timePartitionId);
        writer.makeMetadataVisible();
        if (enableMemControl) {
          // get chunkMetadata size
          long chunkMetadataSize = 0;
          for (Map<String, List<ChunkMetadata>> metaMap : writer.getMetadatasForQuery().values()) {
            for (List<ChunkMetadata> metadatas : metaMap.values()) {
              for (ChunkMetadata chunkMetadata : metadatas) {
                chunkMetadataSize += chunkMetadata.calculateRamSize();
              }
            }
          }
          tsFileProcessor.getTsFileProcessorInfo().addTSPMemCost(chunkMetadataSize);
        }
      }
      tsFileManagement.add(tsFileResource, isSeq);
    }
  }

  // ({systemTime}-{versionNum}-{mergeNum}.tsfile)
  private int compareFileName(File o1, File o2) {
    String[] items1 = o1.getName().replace(TSFILE_SUFFIX, "").split(FILE_NAME_SEPARATOR);
    String[] items2 = o2.getName().replace(TSFILE_SUFFIX, "").split(FILE_NAME_SEPARATOR);
    long ver1 = Long.parseLong(items1[0]);
    long ver2 = Long.parseLong(items2[0]);
    int cmp = Long.compare(ver1, ver2);
    if (cmp == 0) {
      return Long.compare(Long.parseLong(items1[1]), Long.parseLong(items2[1]));
    } else {
      return cmp;
    }
  }

  /**
   * insert one row of data
   *
   * @param insertRowPlan one row of data
   */
  public void insert(InsertRowPlan insertRowPlan)
      throws WriteProcessException, TriggerExecutionException {
    // reject insertions that are out of ttl
    if (!isAlive(insertRowPlan.getTime())) {
      throw new OutOfTTLException(insertRowPlan.getTime(), (System.currentTimeMillis() - dataTTL));
    }
    writeLock("InsertRow");
    try {
      // init map
      long timePartitionId = StorageEngine.getTimePartition(insertRowPlan.getTime());

      partitionLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice.computeIfAbsent(
          timePartitionId, id -> new HashMap<>());

      boolean isSequence =
          insertRowPlan.getTime()
              > partitionLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice
                  .get(timePartitionId)
                  .getOrDefault(insertRowPlan.getPrefixPath().getFullPath(), Long.MIN_VALUE);

      // is unsequence and user set config to discard out of order data
      if (!isSequence
          && IoTDBDescriptor.getInstance().getConfig().isEnableDiscardOutOfOrderData()) {
        return;
      }

      latestTimeForEachDevice.computeIfAbsent(timePartitionId, l -> new HashMap<>());

      // fire trigger before insertion
      TriggerEngine.fire(TriggerEvent.BEFORE_INSERT, insertRowPlan);
      // insert to sequence or unSequence file
      insertToTsFileProcessor(insertRowPlan, isSequence, timePartitionId);
      // fire trigger after insertion
      TriggerEngine.fire(TriggerEvent.AFTER_INSERT, insertRowPlan);
    } finally {
      writeUnlock();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Insert a tablet (rows belonging to the same devices) into this storage group.
   *
   * @throws BatchProcessException if some of the rows failed to be inserted
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("squid:S3776") // Suppress high Cognitive Complexity warning
  public void insertTablet(InsertTabletPlan insertTabletPlan)
      throws BatchProcessException, TriggerExecutionException {

    writeLock("insertTablet");
    try {
      TSStatus[] results = new TSStatus[insertTabletPlan.getRowCount()];
      Arrays.fill(results, RpcUtils.SUCCESS_STATUS);
      boolean noFailure = true;

      /*
       * assume that batch has been sorted by client
       */
      int loc = 0;
      while (loc < insertTabletPlan.getRowCount()) {
        long currTime = insertTabletPlan.getTimes()[loc];
        // skip points that do not satisfy TTL
        if (!isAlive(currTime)) {
          results[loc] =
              RpcUtils.getStatus(
                  TSStatusCode.OUT_OF_TTL_ERROR,
                  "time " + currTime + " in current line is out of TTL: " + dataTTL);
          loc++;
          noFailure = false;
        } else {
          break;
        }
      }
      // loc pointing at first legal position
      if (loc == insertTabletPlan.getRowCount()) {
        throw new BatchProcessException(results);
      }

      // fire trigger before insertion
      final int firePosition = loc;
      TriggerEngine.fire(TriggerEvent.BEFORE_INSERT, insertTabletPlan, firePosition);

      // before is first start point
      int before = loc;
      // before time partition
      long beforeTimePartition =
          StorageEngine.getTimePartition(insertTabletPlan.getTimes()[before]);
      // init map
      long lastFlushTime =
          partitionLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice
              .computeIfAbsent(beforeTimePartition, id -> new HashMap<>())
              .computeIfAbsent(
                  insertTabletPlan.getPrefixPath().getFullPath(), id -> Long.MIN_VALUE);
      // if is sequence
      boolean isSequence = false;
      while (loc < insertTabletPlan.getRowCount()) {
        long time = insertTabletPlan.getTimes()[loc];
        long curTimePartition = StorageEngine.getTimePartition(time);
        // start next partition
        if (curTimePartition != beforeTimePartition) {
          // insert last time partition
          if (isSequence
              || !IoTDBDescriptor.getInstance().getConfig().isEnableDiscardOutOfOrderData()) {
            noFailure =
                insertTabletToTsFileProcessor(
                        insertTabletPlan, before, loc, isSequence, results, beforeTimePartition)
                    && noFailure;
          }
          // re initialize
          before = loc;
          beforeTimePartition = curTimePartition;
          lastFlushTime =
              partitionLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice
                  .computeIfAbsent(beforeTimePartition, id -> new HashMap<>())
                  .computeIfAbsent(
                      insertTabletPlan.getPrefixPath().getFullPath(), id -> Long.MIN_VALUE);
          isSequence = false;
        }
        // still in this partition
        else {
          // judge if we should insert sequence
          if (!isSequence && time > lastFlushTime) {
            // insert into unsequence and then start sequence
            if (!IoTDBDescriptor.getInstance().getConfig().isEnableDiscardOutOfOrderData()) {
              noFailure =
                  insertTabletToTsFileProcessor(
                          insertTabletPlan, before, loc, false, results, beforeTimePartition)
                      && noFailure;
            }
            before = loc;
            isSequence = true;
          }
          loc++;
        }
      }

      // do not forget last part
      if (before < loc
          && (isSequence
              || !IoTDBDescriptor.getInstance().getConfig().isEnableDiscardOutOfOrderData())) {
        noFailure =
            insertTabletToTsFileProcessor(
                    insertTabletPlan, before, loc, isSequence, results, beforeTimePartition)
                && noFailure;
      }
      long globalLatestFlushedTime =
          globalLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice.getOrDefault(
              insertTabletPlan.getPrefixPath().getFullPath(), Long.MIN_VALUE);
      tryToUpdateBatchInsertLastCache(insertTabletPlan, globalLatestFlushedTime);

      if (!noFailure) {
        throw new BatchProcessException(results);
      }

      // fire trigger after insertion
      TriggerEngine.fire(TriggerEvent.AFTER_INSERT, insertTabletPlan, firePosition);
    } finally {
      writeUnlock();
    }
  }

  /** @return whether the given time falls in ttl */
  private boolean isAlive(long time) {
    return dataTTL == Long.MAX_VALUE || (System.currentTimeMillis() - time) <= dataTTL;
  }

  /**
   * insert batch to tsfile processor thread-safety that the caller need to guarantee The rows to be
   * inserted are in the range [start, end)
   *
   * @param insertTabletPlan insert a tablet of a device
   * @param sequence whether is sequence
   * @param start start index of rows to be inserted in insertTabletPlan
   * @param end end index of rows to be inserted in insertTabletPlan
   * @param results result array
   * @param timePartitionId time partition id
   * @return false if any failure occurs when inserting the tablet, true otherwise
   */
  private boolean insertTabletToTsFileProcessor(
      InsertTabletPlan insertTabletPlan,
      int start,
      int end,
      boolean sequence,
      TSStatus[] results,
      long timePartitionId) {
    // return when start >= end
    if (start >= end) {
      return true;
    }

    TsFileProcessor tsFileProcessor = getOrCreateTsFileProcessor(timePartitionId, sequence);
    if (tsFileProcessor == null) {
      for (int i = start; i < end; i++) {
        results[i] =
            RpcUtils.getStatus(
                TSStatusCode.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
                "can not create TsFileProcessor, timePartitionId: " + timePartitionId);
      }
      return false;
    }

    try {
      tsFileProcessor.insertTablet(insertTabletPlan, start, end, results);
    } catch (WriteProcessRejectException e) {
      logger.warn("insert to TsFileProcessor rejected, {}", e.getMessage());
      return false;
    } catch (WriteProcessException e) {
      logger.error("insert to TsFileProcessor error ", e);
      return false;
    }

    latestTimeForEachDevice.computeIfAbsent(timePartitionId, t -> new HashMap<>());
    // try to update the latest time of the device of this tsRecord
    if (sequence
        && latestTimeForEachDevice
                .get(timePartitionId)
                .getOrDefault(insertTabletPlan.getPrefixPath().getFullPath(), Long.MIN_VALUE)
            < insertTabletPlan.getTimes()[end - 1]) {
      latestTimeForEachDevice
          .get(timePartitionId)
          .put(
              insertTabletPlan.getPrefixPath().getFullPath(), insertTabletPlan.getTimes()[end - 1]);
    }

    // check memtable size and may async try to flush the work memtable
    if (tsFileProcessor.shouldFlush()) {
      fileFlushPolicy.apply(this, tsFileProcessor, sequence);
    }
    return true;
  }

  private void tryToUpdateBatchInsertLastCache(InsertTabletPlan plan, Long latestFlushedTime) {
    if (!IoTDBDescriptor.getInstance().getConfig().isLastCacheEnabled()) {
      return;
    }
    IMeasurementMNode[] mNodes = plan.getMeasurementMNodes();
    int columnIndex = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < mNodes.length; i++) {
      // Don't update cached last value for vector type
      if (mNodes[i] != null && plan.isAligned()) {
        columnIndex += mNodes[i].getSchema().getValueMeasurementIdList().size();
      } else {
        if (plan.getColumns()[i] == null) {
          columnIndex++;
          continue;
        }
        // Update cached last value with high priority
        if (mNodes[i] != null) {
          // in stand alone version, the seriesPath is not needed, just use measurementMNodes[i] to
          // update last cache
          IoTDB.metaManager.updateLastCache(
              null, plan.composeLastTimeValuePair(columnIndex), true, latestFlushedTime, mNodes[i]);
        } else {
          // measurementMNodes[i] is null, use the path to update remote cache
          IoTDB.metaManager.updateLastCache(
              plan.getPrefixPath().concatNode(plan.getMeasurements()[columnIndex]),
              plan.composeLastTimeValuePair(columnIndex),
              true,
              latestFlushedTime,
              null);
        }
        columnIndex++;
      }
    }
  }

  private void insertToTsFileProcessor(
      InsertRowPlan insertRowPlan, boolean sequence, long timePartitionId)
      throws WriteProcessException {
    TsFileProcessor tsFileProcessor = getOrCreateTsFileProcessor(timePartitionId, sequence);
    if (tsFileProcessor == null) {
      return;
    }

    tsFileProcessor.insert(insertRowPlan);

    // try to update the latest time of the device of this tsRecord
    if (latestTimeForEachDevice
            .get(timePartitionId)
            .getOrDefault(insertRowPlan.getPrefixPath().getFullPath(), Long.MIN_VALUE)
        < insertRowPlan.getTime()) {
      latestTimeForEachDevice
          .get(timePartitionId)
          .put(insertRowPlan.getPrefixPath().getFullPath(), insertRowPlan.getTime());
    }

    long globalLatestFlushTime =
        globalLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice.getOrDefault(
            insertRowPlan.getPrefixPath().getFullPath(), Long.MIN_VALUE);

    tryToUpdateInsertLastCache(insertRowPlan, globalLatestFlushTime);

    // check memtable size and may asyncTryToFlush the work memtable
    if (tsFileProcessor.shouldFlush()) {
      fileFlushPolicy.apply(this, tsFileProcessor, sequence);
    }
  }

  private void tryToUpdateInsertLastCache(InsertRowPlan plan, Long latestFlushedTime) {
    if (!IoTDBDescriptor.getInstance().getConfig().isLastCacheEnabled()) {
      return;
    }
    IMeasurementMNode[] mNodes = plan.getMeasurementMNodes();
    int columnIndex = 0;
    for (IMeasurementMNode mNode : mNodes) {
      // Don't update cached last value for vector type
      if (!plan.isAligned()) {
        if (plan.getValues()[columnIndex] == null) {
          columnIndex++;
          continue;
        }
        // Update cached last value with high priority
        if (mNode != null) {
          // in stand alone version, the seriesPath is not needed, just use measurementMNodes[i] to
          // update last cache
          IoTDB.metaManager.updateLastCache(
              null, plan.composeTimeValuePair(columnIndex), true, latestFlushedTime, mNode);
        } else {
          IoTDB.metaManager.updateLastCache(
              plan.getPrefixPath().concatNode(plan.getMeasurements()[columnIndex]),
              plan.composeTimeValuePair(columnIndex),
              true,
              latestFlushedTime,
              null);
        }
        columnIndex++;
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * mem control module use this method to flush memtable
   *
   * @param tsFileProcessor tsfile processor in which memtable to be flushed
   */
  public void submitAFlushTaskWhenShouldFlush(TsFileProcessor tsFileProcessor) {
    writeLock("submitAFlushTaskWhenShouldFlush");
    try {
      // check memtable size and may asyncTryToFlush the work memtable
      if (tsFileProcessor.shouldFlush()) {
        fileFlushPolicy.apply(this, tsFileProcessor, tsFileProcessor.isSequence());
      }
    } finally {
      writeUnlock();
    }
  }

  private TsFileProcessor getOrCreateTsFileProcessor(long timeRangeId, boolean sequence) {
    TsFileProcessor tsFileProcessor = null;
    try {
      if (sequence) {
        tsFileProcessor =
            getOrCreateTsFileProcessorIntern(timeRangeId, workSequenceTsFileProcessors, true);
      } else {
        tsFileProcessor =
            getOrCreateTsFileProcessorIntern(timeRangeId, workUnsequenceTsFileProcessors, false);
      }
    } catch (DiskSpaceInsufficientException e) {
      logger.error(
          "disk space is insufficient when creating TsFile processor, change system mode to read-only",
          e);
      IoTDBDescriptor.getInstance().getConfig().setReadOnly(true);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      logger.error(
          "meet IOException when creating TsFileProcessor, change system mode to read-only", e);
      IoTDBDescriptor.getInstance().getConfig().setReadOnly(true);
    }
    return tsFileProcessor;
  }

  /**
   * get processor from hashmap, flush oldest processor if necessary
   *
   * @param timeRangeId time partition range
   * @param tsFileProcessorTreeMap tsFileProcessorTreeMap
   * @param sequence whether is sequence or not
   */
  private TsFileProcessor getOrCreateTsFileProcessorIntern(
      long timeRangeId, TreeMap<Long, TsFileProcessor> tsFileProcessorTreeMap, boolean sequence)
      throws IOException, DiskSpaceInsufficientException {

    TsFileProcessor res = tsFileProcessorTreeMap.get(timeRangeId);

    if (null == res) {
      // we have to remove oldest processor to control the num of the memtables
      // TODO: use a method to control the number of memtables
      if (tsFileProcessorTreeMap.size()
          >= IoTDBDescriptor.getInstance().getConfig().getConcurrentWritingTimePartition()) {
        Map.Entry<Long, TsFileProcessor> processorEntry = tsFileProcessorTreeMap.firstEntry();
        logger.info(
            "will close a {} TsFile because too many active partitions ({} > {}) in the storage group {},",
            sequence,
            tsFileProcessorTreeMap.size(),
            IoTDBDescriptor.getInstance().getConfig().getConcurrentWritingTimePartition(),
            logicalStorageGroupName);
        asyncCloseOneTsFileProcessor(sequence, processorEntry.getValue());
      }

      // build new processor
      res = newTsFileProcessor(sequence, timeRangeId);
      tsFileProcessorTreeMap.put(timeRangeId, res);
      tsFileManagement.add(res.getTsFileResource(), sequence);
    }

    return res;
  }

  private TsFileProcessor newTsFileProcessor(boolean sequence, long timePartitionId)
      throws IOException, DiskSpaceInsufficientException {
    DirectoryManager directoryManager = DirectoryManager.getInstance();
    String baseDir =
        sequence
            ? directoryManager.getNextFolderForSequenceFile()
            : directoryManager.getNextFolderForUnSequenceFile();
    fsFactory
        .getFile(baseDir + File.separator + logicalStorageGroupName, virtualStorageGroupId)
        .mkdirs();

    String filePath =
        baseDir
            + File.separator
            + logicalStorageGroupName
            + File.separator
            + virtualStorageGroupId
            + File.separator
            + timePartitionId
            + File.separator
            + getNewTsFileName(timePartitionId);

    return getTsFileProcessor(sequence, filePath, timePartitionId);
  }

  private TsFileProcessor getTsFileProcessor(
      boolean sequence, String filePath, long timePartitionId) throws IOException {
    TsFileProcessor tsFileProcessor;
    if (sequence) {
      tsFileProcessor =
          new TsFileProcessor(
              logicalStorageGroupName + File.separator + virtualStorageGroupId,
              fsFactory.getFileWithParent(filePath),
              storageGroupInfo,
              this::closeUnsealedTsFileProcessorCallBack,
              this::updateLatestFlushTimeCallback,
              true);
    } else {
      tsFileProcessor =
          new TsFileProcessor(
              logicalStorageGroupName + File.separator + virtualStorageGroupId,
              fsFactory.getFileWithParent(filePath),
              storageGroupInfo,
              this::closeUnsealedTsFileProcessorCallBack,
              this::unsequenceFlushCallback,
              false);
    }

    if (enableMemControl) {
      TsFileProcessorInfo tsFileProcessorInfo = new TsFileProcessorInfo(storageGroupInfo);
      tsFileProcessor.setTsFileProcessorInfo(tsFileProcessorInfo);
      this.storageGroupInfo.initTsFileProcessorInfo(tsFileProcessor);
    }

    tsFileProcessor.addCloseFileListeners(customCloseFileListeners);
    tsFileProcessor.addFlushListeners(customFlushListeners);
    tsFileProcessor.setTimeRangeId(timePartitionId);

    return tsFileProcessor;
  }

  /**
   * Create a new tsfile name
   *
   * @return file name
   */
  private String getNewTsFileName(long timePartitionId) {
    long version = partitionMaxFileVersions.getOrDefault(timePartitionId, 0L) + 1;
    partitionMaxFileVersions.put(timePartitionId, version);
    return getNewTsFileName(System.currentTimeMillis(), version, 0, 0);
  }

  private String getNewTsFileName(long time, long version, int mergeCnt, int unSeqMergeCnt) {
    return TsFileResource.getNewTsFileName(time, version, mergeCnt, unSeqMergeCnt);
  }

  /**
   * close one tsfile processor
   *
   * @param sequence whether this tsfile processor is sequence or not
   * @param tsFileProcessor tsfile processor
   */
  public void syncCloseOneTsFileProcessor(boolean sequence, TsFileProcessor tsFileProcessor) {
    synchronized (closeStorageGroupCondition) {
      try {
        asyncCloseOneTsFileProcessor(sequence, tsFileProcessor);
        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        while (closingSequenceTsFileProcessor.contains(tsFileProcessor)
            || closingUnSequenceTsFileProcessor.contains(tsFileProcessor)) {
          closeStorageGroupCondition.wait(60_000);
          if (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime > 60_000) {
            logger.warn(
                "{} has spent {}s to wait for closing one tsfile.",
                logicalStorageGroupName + "-" + this.virtualStorageGroupId,
                (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime) / 1000);
          }
        }
      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
        logger.error(
            "syncCloseOneTsFileProcessor error occurs while waiting for closing the storage "
                + "group {}",
            logicalStorageGroupName + "-" + virtualStorageGroupId,
            e);
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * close one tsfile processor, thread-safety should be ensured by caller
   *
   * @param sequence whether this tsfile processor is sequence or not
   * @param tsFileProcessor tsfile processor
   */
  public void asyncCloseOneTsFileProcessor(boolean sequence, TsFileProcessor tsFileProcessor) {
    // for sequence tsfile, we update the endTimeMap only when the file is prepared to be closed.
    // for unsequence tsfile, we have maintained the endTimeMap when an insertion comes.
    if (closingSequenceTsFileProcessor.contains(tsFileProcessor)
        || closingUnSequenceTsFileProcessor.contains(tsFileProcessor)
        || tsFileProcessor.alreadyMarkedClosing()) {
      return;
    }
    logger.info(
        "Async close tsfile: {}",
        tsFileProcessor.getTsFileResource().getTsFile().getAbsolutePath());
    if (sequence) {
      closingSequenceTsFileProcessor.add(tsFileProcessor);
      updateEndTimeMap(tsFileProcessor);
      tsFileProcessor.asyncClose();

      workSequenceTsFileProcessors.remove(tsFileProcessor.getTimeRangeId());
      // if unsequence files don't contain this time range id, we should remove it's version
      // controller
      if (!workUnsequenceTsFileProcessors.containsKey(tsFileProcessor.getTimeRangeId())) {
        timePartitionIdVersionControllerMap.remove(tsFileProcessor.getTimeRangeId());
      }
      logger.info(
          "close a sequence tsfile processor {}",
          logicalStorageGroupName + "-" + virtualStorageGroupId);
    } else {
      closingUnSequenceTsFileProcessor.add(tsFileProcessor);
      tsFileProcessor.asyncClose();

      workUnsequenceTsFileProcessors.remove(tsFileProcessor.getTimeRangeId());
      // if sequence files don't contain this time range id, we should remove it's version
      // controller
      if (!workSequenceTsFileProcessors.containsKey(tsFileProcessor.getTimeRangeId())) {
        timePartitionIdVersionControllerMap.remove(tsFileProcessor.getTimeRangeId());
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * delete the storageGroup's own folder in folder data/system/storage_groups
   *
   * @param systemDir system dir
   */
  public void deleteFolder(String systemDir) {
    logger.info(
        "{} will close all files for deleting data folder {}",
        logicalStorageGroupName + "-" + virtualStorageGroupId,
        systemDir);
    writeLock("deleteFolder");
    try {
      syncCloseAllWorkingTsFileProcessors();
      File storageGroupFolder =
          SystemFileFactory.INSTANCE.getFile(systemDir, virtualStorageGroupId);
      if (storageGroupFolder.exists()) {
        org.apache.iotdb.db.utils.FileUtils.deleteDirectory(storageGroupFolder);
      }
    } finally {
      writeUnlock();
    }
  }

  /** close all tsfile resource */
  public void closeAllResources() {
    for (TsFileResource tsFileResource : tsFileManagement.getTsFileList(false)) {
      try {
        tsFileResource.close();
      } catch (IOException e) {
        logger.error("Cannot close a TsFileResource {}", tsFileResource, e);
      }
    }
    for (TsFileResource tsFileResource : tsFileManagement.getTsFileList(true)) {
      try {
        tsFileResource.close();
      } catch (IOException e) {
        logger.error("Cannot close a TsFileResource {}", tsFileResource, e);
      }
    }
  }

  /** release wal buffer */
  public void releaseWalDirectByteBufferPool() {
    synchronized (walByteBufferPool) {
      while (!walByteBufferPool.isEmpty()) {
        MmapUtil.clean((MappedByteBuffer) walByteBufferPool.removeFirst());
        currentWalPoolSize--;
      }
    }
  }

  /** delete tsfile */
  public void syncDeleteDataFiles() {
    logger.info(
        "{} will close all files for deleting data files",
        logicalStorageGroupName + "-" + virtualStorageGroupId);
    writeLock("syncDeleteDataFiles");
    try {

      syncCloseAllWorkingTsFileProcessors();
      // normally, mergingModification is just need to be closed by after a merge task is finished.
      // we close it here just for IT test.
      if (this.tsFileManagement.mergingModification != null) {
        this.tsFileManagement.mergingModification.close();
      }

      closeAllResources();
      List<String> folder = DirectoryManager.getInstance().getAllSequenceFileFolders();
      folder.addAll(DirectoryManager.getInstance().getAllUnSequenceFileFolders());
      deleteAllSGFolders(folder);

      this.workSequenceTsFileProcessors.clear();
      this.workUnsequenceTsFileProcessors.clear();
      this.tsFileManagement.clear();
      this.partitionLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice.clear();
      this.globalLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice.clear();
      this.latestTimeForEachDevice.clear();
    } catch (IOException e) {
      logger.error(
          "Cannot close the mergingMod file {}",
          this.tsFileManagement.mergingModification.getFilePath(),
          e);
    } finally {
      writeUnlock();
    }
  }

  private void deleteAllSGFolders(List<String> folder) {
    for (String tsfilePath : folder) {
      File storageGroupFolder =
          fsFactory.getFile(
              tsfilePath, logicalStorageGroupName + File.separator + virtualStorageGroupId);
      if (storageGroupFolder.exists()) {
        org.apache.iotdb.db.utils.FileUtils.deleteDirectory(storageGroupFolder);
      }
    }
  }

  /** Iterate each TsFile and try to lock and remove those out of TTL. */
  public synchronized void checkFilesTTL() {
    if (dataTTL == Long.MAX_VALUE) {
      logger.debug(
          "{}: TTL not set, ignore the check",
          logicalStorageGroupName + "-" + virtualStorageGroupId);
      return;
    }
    long ttlLowerBound = System.currentTimeMillis() - dataTTL;
    if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
      logger.debug(
          "{}: TTL removing files before {}",
          logicalStorageGroupName + "-" + virtualStorageGroupId,
          new Date(ttlLowerBound));
    }

    // copy to avoid concurrent modification of deletion
    List<TsFileResource> seqFiles = new ArrayList<>(tsFileManagement.getTsFileList(true));
    List<TsFileResource> unseqFiles = new ArrayList<>(tsFileManagement.getTsFileList(false));

    for (TsFileResource tsFileResource : seqFiles) {
      checkFileTTL(tsFileResource, ttlLowerBound, true);
    }
    for (TsFileResource tsFileResource : unseqFiles) {
      checkFileTTL(tsFileResource, ttlLowerBound, false);
    }
  }

  private void checkFileTTL(TsFileResource resource, long ttlLowerBound, boolean isSeq) {
    if (resource.isMerging()
        || !resource.isClosed()
        || !resource.isDeleted() && resource.stillLives(ttlLowerBound)) {
      return;
    }

    writeLock("checkFileTTL");
    try {
      // prevent new merges and queries from choosing this file
      resource.setDeleted(true);
      // the file may be chosen for merge after the last check and before writeLock()
      // double check to ensure the file is not used by a merge
      if (resource.isMerging()) {
        return;
      }

      // ensure that the file is not used by any queries
      if (resource.tryWriteLock()) {
        try {
          // physical removal
          resource.remove();
          if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
            logger.info(
                "Removed a file {} before {} by ttl ({}ms)",
                resource.getTsFilePath(),
                new Date(ttlLowerBound),
                dataTTL);
          }
          tsFileManagement.remove(resource, isSeq);
        } finally {
          resource.writeUnlock();
        }
      }
    } finally {
      writeUnlock();
    }
  }

  public void timedFlushMemTable() {
    writeLock("timedFlushMemTable");
    try {
      // only check unsequence tsfiles' memtables
      List<TsFileProcessor> tsFileProcessors =
          new ArrayList<>(workUnsequenceTsFileProcessors.values());
      long timestampBaseline = System.currentTimeMillis() - config.getUnseqMemtableFlushInterval();
      for (TsFileProcessor tsFileProcessor : tsFileProcessors) {
        if (tsFileProcessor.getWorkMemTableCreatedTime() < timestampBaseline) {
          logger.info(
              "Exceed flush interval, so flush work memtable of time partition {} in storage group {}[{}]",
              tsFileProcessor.getTimeRangeId(),
              logicalStorageGroupName,
              virtualStorageGroupId);
          fileFlushPolicy.apply(this, tsFileProcessor, tsFileProcessor.isSequence());
        }
      }
    } finally {
      writeUnlock();
    }
  }

  /** This method will be blocked until all tsfile processors are closed. */
  public void syncCloseAllWorkingTsFileProcessors() {
    synchronized (closeStorageGroupCondition) {
      try {
        asyncCloseAllWorkingTsFileProcessors();
        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        while (!closingSequenceTsFileProcessor.isEmpty()
            || !closingUnSequenceTsFileProcessor.isEmpty()) {
          closeStorageGroupCondition.wait(60_000);
          if (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime > 60_000) {
            logger.warn(
                "{} has spent {}s to wait for closing all TsFiles.",
                logicalStorageGroupName + "-" + this.virtualStorageGroupId,
                (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime) / 1000);
          }
        }
      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        logger.error(
            "CloseFileNodeCondition error occurs while waiting for closing the storage "
                + "group {}",
            logicalStorageGroupName + "-" + virtualStorageGroupId,
            e);
        Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
      }
    }
  }

  /** close all working tsfile processors */
  public void asyncCloseAllWorkingTsFileProcessors() {
    writeLock("asyncCloseAllWorkingTsFileProcessors");
    try {
      logger.info(
          "async force close all files in storage group: {}",
          logicalStorageGroupName + "-" + virtualStorageGroupId);
      // to avoid concurrent modification problem, we need a new array list
      for (TsFileProcessor tsFileProcessor :
          new ArrayList<>(workSequenceTsFileProcessors.values())) {
        asyncCloseOneTsFileProcessor(true, tsFileProcessor);
      }
      // to avoid concurrent modification problem, we need a new array list
      for (TsFileProcessor tsFileProcessor :
          new ArrayList<>(workUnsequenceTsFileProcessors.values())) {
        asyncCloseOneTsFileProcessor(false, tsFileProcessor);
      }
    } finally {
      writeUnlock();
    }
  }

  /** force close all working tsfile processors */
  public void forceCloseAllWorkingTsFileProcessors() throws TsFileProcessorException {
    writeLock("forceCloseAllWorkingTsFileProcessors");
    try {
      logger.info(
          "force close all processors in storage group: {}",
          logicalStorageGroupName + "-" + virtualStorageGroupId);
      // to avoid concurrent modification problem, we need a new array list
      for (TsFileProcessor tsFileProcessor :
          new ArrayList<>(workSequenceTsFileProcessors.values())) {
        tsFileProcessor.putMemTableBackAndClose();
      }
      // to avoid concurrent modification problem, we need a new array list
      for (TsFileProcessor tsFileProcessor :
          new ArrayList<>(workUnsequenceTsFileProcessors.values())) {
        tsFileProcessor.putMemTableBackAndClose();
      }
    } finally {
      writeUnlock();
    }
  }

  // TODO need a read lock, please consider the concurrency with flush manager threads.
  /**
   * build query data source by searching all tsfile which fit in query filter
   *
   * @param fullPath data path
   * @param context query context
   * @param timeFilter time filter
   * @return query data source
   */
  public QueryDataSource query(
      PartialPath fullPath,
      QueryContext context,
      QueryFileManager filePathsManager,
      Filter timeFilter)
      throws QueryProcessException {
    readLock();
    try {
      List<TsFileResource> seqResources =
          getFileResourceListForQuery(
              tsFileManagement.getTsFileList(true),
              upgradeSeqFileList,
              fullPath,
              context,
              timeFilter,
              true);
      List<TsFileResource> unseqResources =
          getFileResourceListForQuery(
              tsFileManagement.getTsFileList(false),
              upgradeUnseqFileList,
              fullPath,
              context,
              timeFilter,
              false);
      QueryDataSource dataSource = new QueryDataSource(seqResources, unseqResources);
      // used files should be added before mergeLock is unlocked, or they may be deleted by
      // running merge
      // is null only in tests
      if (filePathsManager != null) {
        filePathsManager.addUsedFilesForQuery(context.getQueryId(), dataSource);
      }
      dataSource.setDataTTL(dataTTL);
      return dataSource;
    } catch (MetadataException e) {
      throw new QueryProcessException(e);
    } finally {
      readUnlock();
    }
  }

  /** lock the read lock of the insert lock */
  public void readLock() {
    // apply read lock for SG insert lock to prevent inconsistent with concurrently writing memtable
    insertLock.readLock().lock();
    // apply read lock for TsFileResource list
    tsFileManagement.readLock();
  }

  /** unlock the read lock of insert lock */
  public void readUnlock() {
    tsFileManagement.readUnLock();
    insertLock.readLock().unlock();
  }

  /** lock the write lock of the insert lock */
  public void writeLock(String holder) {
    insertLock.writeLock().lock();
    insertWriteLockHolder = holder;
  }

  /** unlock the write lock of the insert lock */
  public void writeUnlock() {
    insertWriteLockHolder = "";
    insertLock.writeLock().unlock();
  }

  /**
   * @param tsFileResources includes sealed and unsealed tsfile resources
   * @return fill unsealed tsfile resources with memory data and ChunkMetadataList of data in disk
   */
  private List<TsFileResource> getFileResourceListForQuery(
      Collection<TsFileResource> tsFileResources,
      List<TsFileResource> upgradeTsFileResources,
      PartialPath fullPath,
      QueryContext context,
      Filter timeFilter,
      boolean isSeq)
      throws MetadataException {
    String deviceId = fullPath.getDevice();

    if (context.isDebug()) {
      DEBUG_LOGGER.info(
          "Path: {}.{}, get tsfile list: {} isSeq: {} timefilter: {}",
          deviceId,
          fullPath.getMeasurement(),
          tsFileResources,
          isSeq,
          (timeFilter == null ? "null" : timeFilter));
    }

    IMeasurementSchema schema = IoTDB.metaManager.getSeriesSchema(fullPath);

    List<TsFileResource> tsfileResourcesForQuery = new ArrayList<>();
    long ttlLowerBound =
        dataTTL != Long.MAX_VALUE ? System.currentTimeMillis() - dataTTL : Long.MIN_VALUE;
    context.setQueryTimeLowerBound(ttlLowerBound);

    // for upgrade files and old files must be closed
    for (TsFileResource tsFileResource : upgradeTsFileResources) {
      if (!tsFileResource.isSatisfied(deviceId, timeFilter, isSeq, dataTTL, context.isDebug())) {
        continue;
      }
      closeQueryLock.readLock().lock();
      try {
        tsfileResourcesForQuery.add(tsFileResource);
      } finally {
        closeQueryLock.readLock().unlock();
      }
    }

    for (TsFileResource tsFileResource : tsFileResources) {
      if (!tsFileResource.isSatisfied(
          fullPath.getDevice(), timeFilter, isSeq, dataTTL, context.isDebug())) {
        continue;
      }
      closeQueryLock.readLock().lock();
      try {
        if (tsFileResource.isClosed()) {
          tsfileResourcesForQuery.add(tsFileResource);
        } else {
          tsFileResource
              .getUnsealedFileProcessor()
              .query(deviceId, fullPath.getMeasurement(), schema, context, tsfileResourcesForQuery);
        }
      } catch (IOException e) {
        throw new MetadataException(e);
      } finally {
        closeQueryLock.readLock().unlock();
      }
    }
    return tsfileResourcesForQuery;
  }

  /**
   * Delete data whose timestamp <= 'timestamp' and belongs to the time series
   * deviceId.measurementId.
   *
   * @param path the timeseries path of the to be deleted.
   * @param startTime the startTime of delete range.
   * @param endTime the endTime of delete range.
   */
  public void delete(PartialPath path, long startTime, long endTime, long planIndex)
      throws IOException {
    // If there are still some old version tsfiles, the delete won't succeeded.
    if (upgradeFileCount.get() != 0) {
      throw new IOException(
          "Delete failed. " + "Please do not delete until the old files upgraded.");
    }
    // TODO: how to avoid partial deletion?
    // FIXME: notice that if we may remove a SGProcessor out of memory, we need to close all opened
    // mod files in mergingModification, sequenceFileList, and unsequenceFileList
    writeLock("delete");

    // record files which are updated so that we can roll back them in case of exception
    List<ModificationFile> updatedModFiles = new ArrayList<>();

    try {
      Set<PartialPath> devicePaths = IoTDB.metaManager.getDevices(path.getDevicePath());
      for (PartialPath device : devicePaths) {
        Long lastUpdateTime = null;
        for (Map<String, Long> latestTimeMap : latestTimeForEachDevice.values()) {
          Long curTime = latestTimeMap.get(device.getFullPath());
          if (curTime != null && (lastUpdateTime == null || lastUpdateTime < curTime)) {
            lastUpdateTime = curTime;
          }
        }

        // delete Last cache record if necessary
        tryToDeleteLastCache(device, path, startTime, endTime);
      }

      // write log to impacted working TsFileProcessors
      logDeletion(startTime, endTime, path);

      Deletion deletion = new Deletion(path, MERGE_MOD_START_VERSION_NUM, startTime, endTime);
      if (tsFileManagement.mergingModification != null) {
        tsFileManagement.mergingModification.write(deletion);
        updatedModFiles.add(tsFileManagement.mergingModification);
      }

      deleteDataInFiles(
          tsFileManagement.getTsFileList(true), deletion, devicePaths, updatedModFiles, planIndex);
      deleteDataInFiles(
          tsFileManagement.getTsFileList(false), deletion, devicePaths, updatedModFiles, planIndex);

    } catch (Exception e) {
      // roll back
      for (ModificationFile modFile : updatedModFiles) {
        modFile.abort();
      }
      throw new IOException(e);
    } finally {
      writeUnlock();
    }
  }

  private void logDeletion(long startTime, long endTime, PartialPath path) throws IOException {
    long timePartitionStartId = StorageEngine.getTimePartition(startTime);
    long timePartitionEndId = StorageEngine.getTimePartition(endTime);
    if (IoTDBDescriptor.getInstance().getConfig().isEnableWal()) {
      DeletePlan deletionPlan = new DeletePlan(startTime, endTime, path);
      for (Map.Entry<Long, TsFileProcessor> entry : workSequenceTsFileProcessors.entrySet()) {
        if (timePartitionStartId <= entry.getKey() && entry.getKey() <= timePartitionEndId) {
          entry.getValue().getLogNode().write(deletionPlan);
        }
      }

      for (Map.Entry<Long, TsFileProcessor> entry : workUnsequenceTsFileProcessors.entrySet()) {
        if (timePartitionStartId <= entry.getKey() && entry.getKey() <= timePartitionEndId) {
          entry.getValue().getLogNode().write(deletionPlan);
        }
      }
    }
  }

  private boolean canSkipDelete(
      TsFileResource tsFileResource,
      Set<PartialPath> devicePaths,
      long deleteStart,
      long deleteEnd) {
    for (PartialPath device : devicePaths) {
      String deviceId = device.getFullPath();
      long endTime = tsFileResource.getEndTime(deviceId);
      if (endTime == Long.MIN_VALUE) {
        return false;
      }

      if (tsFileResource.isDeviceIdExist(deviceId)
          && (deleteEnd >= tsFileResource.getStartTime(deviceId) && deleteStart <= endTime)) {
        return false;
      }
    }
    return true;
  }

  private void deleteDataInFiles(
      Collection<TsFileResource> tsFileResourceList,
      Deletion deletion,
      Set<PartialPath> devicePaths,
      List<ModificationFile> updatedModFiles,
      long planIndex)
      throws IOException {
    for (TsFileResource tsFileResource : tsFileResourceList) {
      if (canSkipDelete(
          tsFileResource, devicePaths, deletion.getStartTime(), deletion.getEndTime())) {
        continue;
      }

      deletion.setFileOffset(tsFileResource.getTsFileSize());
      // write deletion into modification file
      tsFileResource.getModFile().write(deletion);
      // remember to close mod file
      tsFileResource.getModFile().close();
      logger.info(
          "[Deletion] Deletion with path:{}, time:{}-{} written into mods file.",
          deletion.getPath(),
          deletion.getStartTime(),
          deletion.getEndTime());

      tsFileResource.updatePlanIndexes(planIndex);

      // delete data in memory of unsealed file
      if (!tsFileResource.isClosed()) {
        TsFileProcessor tsfileProcessor = tsFileResource.getUnsealedFileProcessor();
        tsfileProcessor.deleteDataInMemory(deletion, devicePaths);
      }

      // add a record in case of rollback
      updatedModFiles.add(tsFileResource.getModFile());
    }
  }

  private void tryToDeleteLastCache(
      PartialPath deviceId, PartialPath originalPath, long startTime, long endTime)
      throws WriteProcessException {
    if (!IoTDBDescriptor.getInstance().getConfig().isLastCacheEnabled()) {
      return;
    }
    try {
      IMNode node = IoTDB.metaManager.getDeviceNode(deviceId);

      for (IMNode measurementNode : node.getChildren().values()) {
        if (measurementNode != null
            && originalPath.matchFullPath(measurementNode.getPartialPath())) {
          TimeValuePair lastPair = ((IMeasurementMNode) measurementNode).getCachedLast();
          if (lastPair != null
              && startTime <= lastPair.getTimestamp()
              && lastPair.getTimestamp() <= endTime) {
            ((IMeasurementMNode) measurementNode).resetCache();
            logger.info(
                "[tryToDeleteLastCache] Last cache for path: {} is set to null",
                measurementNode.getFullPath());
          }
        }
      }
    } catch (MetadataException e) {
      throw new WriteProcessException(e);
    }
  }

  /**
   * when close an TsFileProcessor, update its EndTimeMap immediately
   *
   * @param tsFileProcessor processor to be closed
   */
  private void updateEndTimeMap(TsFileProcessor tsFileProcessor) {
    TsFileResource resource = tsFileProcessor.getTsFileResource();
    for (String deviceId : resource.getDevices()) {
      resource.updateEndTime(
          deviceId, latestTimeForEachDevice.get(tsFileProcessor.getTimeRangeId()).get(deviceId));
    }
  }

  private boolean unsequenceFlushCallback(TsFileProcessor processor) {
    return true;
  }

  private boolean updateLatestFlushTimeCallback(TsFileProcessor processor) {
    // update the largest timestamp in the last flushing memtable
    Map<String, Long> curPartitionDeviceLatestTime =
        latestTimeForEachDevice.get(processor.getTimeRangeId());

    if (curPartitionDeviceLatestTime == null) {
      logger.warn(
          "Partition: {} does't have latest time for each device. "
              + "No valid record is written into memtable. Flushing tsfile is: {}",
          processor.getTimeRangeId(),
          processor.getTsFileResource().getTsFile());
      return false;
    }

    for (Entry<String, Long> entry : curPartitionDeviceLatestTime.entrySet()) {
      partitionLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice
          .computeIfAbsent(processor.getTimeRangeId(), id -> new HashMap<>())
          .put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
      updateNewlyFlushedPartitionLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice(
          processor.getTimeRangeId(), entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
      if (globalLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice.getOrDefault(entry.getKey(), Long.MIN_VALUE)
          < entry.getValue()) {
        globalLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice.put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
      }
    }
    return true;
  }

  /**
   * update latest flush time for partition id
   *
   * @param partitionId partition id
   * @param latestFlushTime lastest flush time
   * @return true if update latest flush time success
   */
  private boolean updateLatestFlushTimeToPartition(long partitionId, long latestFlushTime) {
    // update the largest timestamp in the last flushing memtable
    Map<String, Long> curPartitionDeviceLatestTime = latestTimeForEachDevice.get(partitionId);

    if (curPartitionDeviceLatestTime == null) {
      logger.warn(
          "Partition: {} does't have latest time for each device. "
              + "No valid record is written into memtable.  latest flush time is: {}",
          partitionId,
          latestFlushTime);
      return false;
    }

    for (Entry<String, Long> entry : curPartitionDeviceLatestTime.entrySet()) {
      // set lastest flush time to latestTimeForEachDevice
      entry.setValue(latestFlushTime);

      partitionLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice
          .computeIfAbsent(partitionId, id -> new HashMap<>())
          .put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
      newlyFlushedPartitionLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice
          .computeIfAbsent(partitionId, id -> new HashMap<>())
          .put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
      if (globalLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice.getOrDefault(entry.getKey(), Long.MIN_VALUE)
          < entry.getValue()) {
        globalLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice.put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
      }
    }
    return true;
  }

  /** used for upgrading */
  public void updateNewlyFlushedPartitionLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice(
      long partitionId, String deviceId, long time) {
    newlyFlushedPartitionLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice
        .computeIfAbsent(partitionId, id -> new HashMap<>())
        .compute(deviceId, (k, v) -> v == null ? time : Math.max(v, time));
  }

  /** put the memtable back to the MemTablePool and make the metadata in writer visible */
  // TODO please consider concurrency with query and insert method.
  private void closeUnsealedTsFileProcessorCallBack(TsFileProcessor tsFileProcessor)
      throws TsFileProcessorException {
    closeQueryLock.writeLock().lock();
    try {
      tsFileProcessor.close();
    } finally {
      closeQueryLock.writeLock().unlock();
    }
    // closingSequenceTsFileProcessor is a thread safety class.
    if (closingSequenceTsFileProcessor.contains(tsFileProcessor)) {
      closingSequenceTsFileProcessor.remove(tsFileProcessor);
    } else {
      closingUnSequenceTsFileProcessor.remove(tsFileProcessor);
    }
    synchronized (closeStorageGroupCondition) {
      closeStorageGroupCondition.notifyAll();
    }
    logger.info(
        "signal closing storage group condition in {}",
        logicalStorageGroupName + "-" + virtualStorageGroupId);

    executeCompaction(
        tsFileProcessor.getTimeRangeId(),
        IoTDBDescriptor.getInstance().getConfig().isForceFullMerge());
  }

  private void executeCompaction(long timePartition, boolean fullMerge) {
    if (!compactionMergeWorking && !CompactionMergeTaskPoolManager.getInstance().isTerminated()) {
      compactionMergeWorking = true;
      logger.info(
          "{} submit a compaction merge task",
          logicalStorageGroupName + "-" + virtualStorageGroupId);
      try {
        // fork and filter current tsfile, then commit then to compaction merge
        tsFileManagement.forkCurrentFileList(timePartition);
        tsFileManagement.setForceFullMerge(fullMerge);
        CompactionMergeTaskPoolManager.getInstance()
            .submitTask(
                logicalStorageGroupName,
                tsFileManagement
                .new CompactionMergeTask(this::closeCompactionMergeCallBack, timePartition));
      } catch (IOException | RejectedExecutionException e) {
        this.closeCompactionMergeCallBack(false, timePartition);
        logger.error(
            "{} compaction submit task failed",
            logicalStorageGroupName + "-" + virtualStorageGroupId,
            e);
      }
    } else {
      logger.info(
          "{} last compaction merge task is working, skip current merge",
          logicalStorageGroupName + "-" + virtualStorageGroupId);
    }
  }

  /** close compaction merge callback, to release some locks */
  private void closeCompactionMergeCallBack(boolean isMerge, long timePartitionId) {
    if (isMerge && IoTDBDescriptor.getInstance().getConfig().isEnableContinuousCompaction()) {
      executeCompaction(
          timePartitionId, IoTDBDescriptor.getInstance().getConfig().isForceFullMerge());
    } else {
      this.compactionMergeWorking = false;
    }
  }

  /**
   * count all Tsfiles in the storage group which need to be upgraded
   *
   * @return total num of the tsfiles which need to be upgraded in the storage group
   */
  public int countUpgradeFiles() {
    return upgradeFileCount.get();
  }

  /** upgrade all files belongs to this storage group */
  public void upgrade() {
    for (TsFileResource seqTsFileResource : upgradeSeqFileList) {
      seqTsFileResource.setSeq(true);
      seqTsFileResource.setUpgradeTsFileResourceCallBack(this::upgradeTsFileResourceCallBack);
      seqTsFileResource.doUpgrade();
    }
    for (TsFileResource unseqTsFileResource : upgradeUnseqFileList) {
      unseqTsFileResource.setSeq(false);
      unseqTsFileResource.setUpgradeTsFileResourceCallBack(this::upgradeTsFileResourceCallBack);
      unseqTsFileResource.doUpgrade();
    }
  }

  private void upgradeTsFileResourceCallBack(TsFileResource tsFileResource) {
    List<TsFileResource> upgradedResources = tsFileResource.getUpgradedResources();
    for (TsFileResource resource : upgradedResources) {
      long partitionId = resource.getTimePartition();
      resource
          .getDevices()
          .forEach(
              device ->
                  updateNewlyFlushedPartitionLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice(
                      partitionId, device, resource.getEndTime(device)));
    }
    upgradeFileCount.getAndAdd(-1);
    // load all upgraded resources in this sg to tsFileManagement
    if (upgradeFileCount.get() == 0) {
      writeLock("upgradeTsFileResourceCallBack");
      try {
        loadUpgradedResources(upgradeSeqFileList, true);
        loadUpgradedResources(upgradeUnseqFileList, false);
      } finally {
        writeUnlock();
      }
      // after upgrade complete, update partitionLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice
      for (Entry<Long, Map<String, Long>> entry :
          newlyFlushedPartitionLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice.entrySet()) {
        long timePartitionId = entry.getKey();
        Map<String, Long> latestFlushTimeForPartition =
            partitionLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice.getOrDefault(timePartitionId, new HashMap<>());
        for (Entry<String, Long> endTimeMap : entry.getValue().entrySet()) {
          String device = endTimeMap.getKey();
          long endTime = endTimeMap.getValue();
          if (latestFlushTimeForPartition.getOrDefault(device, Long.MIN_VALUE) < endTime) {
            partitionLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice
                .computeIfAbsent(timePartitionId, id -> new HashMap<>())
                .put(device, endTime);
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }

  private void loadUpgradedResources(List<TsFileResource> resources, boolean isseq) {
    if (resources.isEmpty()) {
      return;
    }
    for (TsFileResource resource : resources) {
      try {
        UpgradeUtils.moveUpgradedFiles(resource);
        tsFileManagement.addAll(resource.getUpgradedResources(), isseq);
        // delete old TsFile and resource
        resource.delete();
        Files.deleteIfExists(
            fsFactory
                .getFile(resource.getTsFile().toPath() + ModificationFile.FILE_SUFFIX)
                .toPath());
        UpgradeLog.writeUpgradeLogFile(
            resource.getTsFile().getAbsolutePath() + "," + UpgradeCheckStatus.UPGRADE_SUCCESS);
      } catch (IOException e) {
        logger.error("Unable to load {}, caused by ", resource, e);
      }
    }
    // delete upgrade folder when it is empty
    if (resources.get(0).getTsFile().getParentFile().isDirectory()
        && resources.get(0).getTsFile().getParentFile().listFiles().length == 0) {
      try {
        Files.delete(resources.get(0).getTsFile().getParentFile().toPath());
      } catch (IOException e) {
        logger.error(
            "Delete upgrade folder {} failed, caused by ",
            resources.get(0).getTsFile().getParentFile(),
            e);
      }
    }
    resources.clear();
  }

  /**
   * merge file under this storage group processor
   *
   * @param isFullMerge whether this merge is a full merge or not
   */
  public void merge(boolean isFullMerge) {
    writeLock("merge");
    try {
      for (long timePartitionId : partitionLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice.keySet()) {
        executeCompaction(timePartitionId, isFullMerge);
      }
    } finally {
      writeUnlock();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Load a new tsfile to storage group processor. Tne file may have overlap with other files.
   *
   * <p>or unsequence list.
   *
   * <p>Secondly, execute the loading process by the type.
   *
   * <p>Finally, update the latestTimeForEachDevice and partitionLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice.
   *
   * @param newTsFileResource tsfile resource @UsedBy sync module.
   */
  public void loadNewTsFileForSync(TsFileResource newTsFileResource) throws LoadFileException {
    File tsfileToBeInserted = newTsFileResource.getTsFile();
    long newFilePartitionId = newTsFileResource.getTimePartitionWithCheck();
    writeLock("loadNewTsFileForSync");
    try {
      if (loadTsFileByType(
          LoadTsFileType.LOAD_SEQUENCE,
          tsfileToBeInserted,
          newTsFileResource,
          newFilePartitionId)) {
        updateLatestTimeMap(newTsFileResource);
      }
      resetLastCacheWhenLoadingTsfile(newTsFileResource);
    } catch (DiskSpaceInsufficientException e) {
      logger.error(
          "Failed to append the tsfile {} to storage group processor {} because the disk space is insufficient.",
          tsfileToBeInserted.getAbsolutePath(),
          tsfileToBeInserted.getParentFile().getName());
      IoTDBDescriptor.getInstance().getConfig().setReadOnly(true);
      throw new LoadFileException(e);
    } catch (IllegalPathException e) {
      logger.error(
          "Failed to reset last cache when loading file {}", newTsFileResource.getTsFilePath());
      throw new LoadFileException(e);
    } finally {
      writeUnlock();
    }
  }

  private void resetLastCacheWhenLoadingTsfile(TsFileResource newTsFileResource)
      throws IllegalPathException {
    for (String device : newTsFileResource.getDevices()) {
      tryToDeleteLastCacheByDevice(new PartialPath(device));
    }
  }

  private void tryToDeleteLastCacheByDevice(PartialPath deviceId) {
    if (!IoTDBDescriptor.getInstance().getConfig().isLastCacheEnabled()) {
      return;
    }
    try {
      IMNode node = IoTDB.metaManager.getDeviceNode(deviceId);

      for (IMNode measurementNode : node.getChildren().values()) {
        if (measurementNode != null) {
          ((IMeasurementMNode) measurementNode).resetCache();
          logger.debug(
              "[tryToDeleteLastCacheByDevice] Last cache for path: {} is set to null",
              measurementNode.getFullPath());
        }
      }
    } catch (MetadataException e) {
      // the path doesn't cache in cluster mode now, ignore
    }
  }

  /**
   * Load a new tsfile to storage group processor. Tne file may have overlap with other files.
   *
   * <p>that there has no file which is overlapping with the new file.
   *
   * <p>Firstly, determine the loading type of the file, whether it needs to be loaded in sequence
   * list or unsequence list.
   *
   * <p>Secondly, execute the loading process by the type.
   *
   * <p>Finally, update the latestTimeForEachDevice and partitionLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice.
   *
   * @param newTsFileResource tsfile resource @UsedBy load external tsfile module
   */
  public void loadNewTsFile(TsFileResource newTsFileResource) throws LoadFileException {
    File tsfileToBeInserted = newTsFileResource.getTsFile();
    long newFilePartitionId = newTsFileResource.getTimePartitionWithCheck();
    writeLock("loadNewTsFile");
    try {
      List<TsFileResource> sequenceList = tsFileManagement.getTsFileList(true);

      int insertPos = findInsertionPosition(newTsFileResource, newFilePartitionId, sequenceList);
      String newFileName, renameInfo;
      LoadTsFileType tsFileType;

      // loading tsfile by type
      if (insertPos == POS_OVERLAP) {
        newFileName =
            getNewTsFileName(
                System.currentTimeMillis(),
                getAndSetNewVersion(newFilePartitionId, newTsFileResource),
                0,
                0);
        renameInfo = IoTDBConstant.UNSEQUENCE_FLODER_NAME;
        tsFileType = LoadTsFileType.LOAD_UNSEQUENCE;
        newTsFileResource.setSeq(false);
      } else {
        // check whether the file name needs to be renamed.
        newFileName = getFileNameForSequenceLoadingFile(insertPos, newTsFileResource, sequenceList);
        renameInfo = IoTDBConstant.SEQUENCE_FLODER_NAME;
        tsFileType = LoadTsFileType.LOAD_SEQUENCE;
        newTsFileResource.setSeq(true);
      }

      if (!newFileName.equals(tsfileToBeInserted.getName())) {
        logger.info(
            "TsFile {} must be renamed to {} for loading into the " + renameInfo + " list.",
            tsfileToBeInserted.getName(),
            newFileName);
        newTsFileResource.setFile(
            fsFactory.getFile(tsfileToBeInserted.getParentFile(), newFileName));
      }
      loadTsFileByType(tsFileType, tsfileToBeInserted, newTsFileResource, newFilePartitionId);
      resetLastCacheWhenLoadingTsfile(newTsFileResource);

      // update latest time map
      updateLatestTimeMap(newTsFileResource);
      long partitionNum = newTsFileResource.getTimePartition();
      updatePartitionFileVersion(partitionNum, newTsFileResource.getVersion());
    } catch (DiskSpaceInsufficientException e) {
      logger.error(
          "Failed to append the tsfile {} to storage group processor {} because the disk space is insufficient.",
          tsfileToBeInserted.getAbsolutePath(),
          tsfileToBeInserted.getParentFile().getName());
      IoTDBDescriptor.getInstance().getConfig().setReadOnly(true);
      throw new LoadFileException(e);
    } catch (IllegalPathException e) {
      logger.error(
          "Failed to reset last cache when loading file {}", newTsFileResource.getTsFilePath());
      throw new LoadFileException(e);
    } finally {
      writeUnlock();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Set the version in "partition" to "version" if "version" is larger than the current version.
   */
  public void setPartitionFileVersionToMax(long partition, long version) {
    partitionMaxFileVersions.compute(
        partition, (prt, oldVer) -> computeMaxVersion(oldVer, version));
  }

  private long computeMaxVersion(Long oldVersion, Long newVersion) {
    if (oldVersion == null) {
      return newVersion;
    }
    return Math.max(oldVersion, newVersion);
  }

  /**
   * Find the position of "newTsFileResource" in the sequence files if it can be inserted into them.
   *
   * @return POS_ALREADY_EXIST(- 2) if some file has the same name as the one to be inserted
   *     POS_OVERLAP(-3) if some file overlaps the new file an insertion position i >= -1 if the new
   *     file can be inserted between [i, i+1]
   */
  private int findInsertionPosition(
      TsFileResource newTsFileResource,
      long newFilePartitionId,
      List<TsFileResource> sequenceList) {

    int insertPos = -1;

    // find the position where the new file should be inserted
    for (int i = 0; i < sequenceList.size(); i++) {
      TsFileResource localFile = sequenceList.get(i);
      long localPartitionId = Long.parseLong(localFile.getTsFile().getParentFile().getName());

      if (newFilePartitionId > localPartitionId) {
        insertPos = i;
        continue;
      }

      if (!localFile.isClosed() && localFile.getProcessor() != null) {
        // we cannot compare two files by TsFileResource unless they are both closed
        syncCloseOneTsFileProcessor(true, localFile.getProcessor());
      }
      int fileComparison = compareTsFileDevices(newTsFileResource, localFile);
      switch (fileComparison) {
        case 0:
          // some devices are newer but some devices are older, the two files overlap in general
          return POS_OVERLAP;
        case -1:
          // all devices in localFile are newer than the new file, the new file can be
          // inserted before localFile
          return i - 1;
        default:
          // all devices in the local file are older than the new file, proceed to the next file
          insertPos = i;
      }
    }
    return insertPos;
  }

  /**
   * Compare each device in the two files to find the time relation of them.
   *
   * @return -1 if fileA is totally older than fileB (A < B) 0 if fileA is partially older than
   *     fileB and partially newer than fileB (A X B) 1 if fileA is totally newer than fileB (B < A)
   */
  private int compareTsFileDevices(TsFileResource fileA, TsFileResource fileB) {
    boolean hasPre = false, hasSubsequence = false;
    for (String device : fileA.getDevices()) {
      if (!fileB.getDevices().contains(device)) {
        continue;
      }
      long startTimeA = fileA.getStartTime(device);
      long endTimeA = fileA.getEndTime(device);
      long startTimeB = fileB.getStartTime(device);
      long endTimeB = fileB.getEndTime(device);
      if (startTimeA > endTimeB) {
        // A's data of the device is later than to the B's data
        hasPre = true;
      } else if (startTimeB > endTimeA) {
        // A's data of the device is previous to the B's data
        hasSubsequence = true;
      } else {
        // the two files overlap in the device
        return 0;
      }
    }
    if (hasPre && hasSubsequence) {
      // some devices are newer but some devices are older, the two files overlap in general
      return 0;
    }
    if (!hasPre && hasSubsequence) {
      // all devices in B are newer than those in A
      return -1;
    }
    // all devices in B are older than those in A
    return 1;
  }

  /**
   * If the historical versions of a file is a sub-set of the given file's, (close and) remove it to
   * reduce unnecessary merge. Only used when the file sender and the receiver share the same file
   * close policy. Warning: DO NOT REMOVE
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("unused")
  public void removeFullyOverlapFiles(TsFileResource resource) {
    writeLock("removeFullyOverlapFiles");
    try {
      Iterator<TsFileResource> iterator = tsFileManagement.getIterator(true);
      removeFullyOverlapFiles(resource, iterator, true);

      iterator = tsFileManagement.getIterator(false);
      removeFullyOverlapFiles(resource, iterator, false);
    } finally {
      writeUnlock();
    }
  }

  private void removeFullyOverlapFiles(
      TsFileResource newTsFile, Iterator<TsFileResource> iterator, boolean isSeq) {
    while (iterator.hasNext()) {
      TsFileResource existingTsFile = iterator.next();
      if (newTsFile.isPlanRangeCovers(existingTsFile)
          && !newTsFile.getTsFile().equals(existingTsFile.getTsFile())
          && existingTsFile.tryWriteLock()) {
        logger.info(
            "{} is covered by {}: [{}, {}], [{}, {}], remove it",
            existingTsFile,
            newTsFile,
            existingTsFile.minPlanIndex,
            existingTsFile.maxPlanIndex,
            newTsFile.minPlanIndex,
            newTsFile.maxPlanIndex);
        // if we fail to lock the file, it means it is being queried or merged and we will not
        // wait until it is free, we will just leave it to the next merge
        try {
          removeFullyOverlapFile(existingTsFile, iterator, isSeq);
        } catch (Exception e) {
          logger.error(
              "Something gets wrong while removing FullyOverlapFiles: {}",
              existingTsFile.getTsFile().getAbsolutePath(),
              e);
        } finally {
          existingTsFile.writeUnlock();
        }
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * remove the given tsFileResource. If the corresponding tsFileProcessor is in the working status,
   * close it before remove the related resource files. maybe time-consuming for closing a tsfile.
   */
  private void removeFullyOverlapFile(
      TsFileResource tsFileResource, Iterator<TsFileResource> iterator, boolean isSeq) {
    logger.info(
        "Removing a covered file {}, closed: {}", tsFileResource, tsFileResource.isClosed());
    if (!tsFileResource.isClosed()) {
      try {
        // also remove the TsFileProcessor if the overlapped file is not closed
        long timePartition = tsFileResource.getTimePartition();
        Map<Long, TsFileProcessor> fileProcessorMap =
            isSeq ? workSequenceTsFileProcessors : workUnsequenceTsFileProcessors;
        TsFileProcessor tsFileProcessor = fileProcessorMap.get(timePartition);
        if (tsFileProcessor != null && tsFileProcessor.getTsFileResource() == tsFileResource) {
          // have to take some time to close the tsFileProcessor
          tsFileProcessor.syncClose();
          fileProcessorMap.remove(timePartition);
        }
      } catch (Exception e) {
        logger.error("Cannot close {}", tsFileResource, e);
      }
    }
    tsFileManagement.remove(tsFileResource, isSeq);
    iterator.remove();
    tsFileResource.remove();
  }

  /**
   * Get an appropriate filename to ensure the order between files. The tsfile is named after
   * ({systemTime}-{versionNum}-{in_space_compaction_num}-{cross_space_compaction_num}.tsfile).
   *
   * <p>The sorting rules for tsfile names @see {@link this#compareFileName}, we can restore the
   * list based on the file name and ensure the correctness of the order, so there are three cases.
   *
   * <p>1. The tsfile is to be inserted in the first place of the list. Timestamp can be set to half
   * of the timestamp value in the file name of the first tsfile in the list , and the version
   * number will be updated to the largest number in this time partition.
   *
   * <p>2. The tsfile is to be inserted in the last place of the list. The file name is generated by
   * the system according to the naming rules and returned.
   *
   * <p>3. This file is inserted between two files. The time stamp is the mean of the timestamps of
   * the two files, the version number will be updated to the largest number in this time partition.
   *
   * @param insertIndex the new file will be inserted between the files [insertIndex, insertIndex +
   *     1]
   * @return appropriate filename
   */
  private String getFileNameForSequenceLoadingFile(
      int insertIndex, TsFileResource newTsFileResource, List<TsFileResource> sequenceList)
      throws LoadFileException {
    long timePartitionId = newTsFileResource.getTimePartition();
    long preTime, subsequenceTime;

    if (insertIndex == -1) {
      preTime = 0L;
    } else {
      String preName = sequenceList.get(insertIndex).getTsFile().getName();
      preTime = Long.parseLong(preName.split(FILE_NAME_SEPARATOR)[0]);
    }
    if (insertIndex == tsFileManagement.size(true) - 1) {
      subsequenceTime = preTime + ((System.currentTimeMillis() - preTime) << 1);
    } else {
      String subsequenceName = sequenceList.get(insertIndex + 1).getTsFile().getName();
      subsequenceTime = Long.parseLong(subsequenceName.split(FILE_NAME_SEPARATOR)[0]);
    }

    long meanTime = preTime + ((subsequenceTime - preTime) >> 1);
    if (insertIndex != tsFileManagement.size(true) - 1 && meanTime == subsequenceTime) {
      throw new LoadFileException("can not load TsFile because of can not find suitable location");
    }

    return getNewTsFileName(
        meanTime, getAndSetNewVersion(timePartitionId, newTsFileResource), 0, 0);
  }

  private long getAndSetNewVersion(long timePartitionId, TsFileResource tsFileResource) {
    long version = partitionMaxFileVersions.getOrDefault(timePartitionId, -1L) + 1;
    partitionMaxFileVersions.put(timePartitionId, version);
    tsFileResource.setVersion(version);
    return version;
  }

  /**
   * Update latest time in latestTimeForEachDevice and
   * partitionLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice. @UsedBy sync module, load external tsfile module.
   */
  private void updateLatestTimeMap(TsFileResource newTsFileResource) {
    for (String device : newTsFileResource.getDevices()) {
      long endTime = newTsFileResource.getEndTime(device);
      long timePartitionId = StorageEngine.getTimePartition(endTime);
      if (!latestTimeForEachDevice
              .computeIfAbsent(timePartitionId, id -> new HashMap<>())
              .containsKey(device)
          || latestTimeForEachDevice.get(timePartitionId).get(device) < endTime) {
        latestTimeForEachDevice.get(timePartitionId).put(device, endTime);
      }

      Map<String, Long> latestFlushTimeForPartition =
          partitionLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice.getOrDefault(timePartitionId, new HashMap<>());

      if (latestFlushTimeForPartition.getOrDefault(device, Long.MIN_VALUE) < endTime) {
        partitionLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice
            .computeIfAbsent(timePartitionId, id -> new HashMap<>())
            .put(device, endTime);
      }
      if (globalLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice.getOrDefault(device, Long.MIN_VALUE) < endTime) {
        globalLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice.put(device, endTime);
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Execute the loading process by the type.
   *
   * @param type load type
   * @param tsFileResource tsfile resource to be loaded
   * @param filePartitionId the partition id of the new file
   * @return load the file successfully @UsedBy sync module, load external tsfile module.
   */
  private boolean loadTsFileByType(
      LoadTsFileType type, File tsFileToLoad, TsFileResource tsFileResource, long filePartitionId)
      throws LoadFileException, DiskSpaceInsufficientException {
    File targetFile;
    switch (type) {
      case LOAD_UNSEQUENCE:
        targetFile =
            fsFactory.getFile(
                DirectoryManager.getInstance().getNextFolderForUnSequenceFile(),
                logicalStorageGroupName
                    + File.separatorChar
                    + virtualStorageGroupId
                    + File.separatorChar
                    + filePartitionId
                    + File.separator
                    + tsFileResource.getTsFile().getName());
        tsFileResource.setFile(targetFile);
        if (tsFileManagement.contains(tsFileResource, false)) {
          logger.error("The file {} has already been loaded in unsequence list", tsFileResource);
          return false;
        }
        tsFileManagement.add(tsFileResource, false);
        logger.info(
            "Load tsfile in unsequence list, move file from {} to {}",
            tsFileToLoad.getAbsolutePath(),
            targetFile.getAbsolutePath());
        break;
      case LOAD_SEQUENCE:
        targetFile =
            fsFactory.getFile(
                DirectoryManager.getInstance().getNextFolderForSequenceFile(),
                logicalStorageGroupName
                    + File.separatorChar
                    + virtualStorageGroupId
                    + File.separatorChar
                    + filePartitionId
                    + File.separator
                    + tsFileResource.getTsFile().getName());
        tsFileResource.setFile(targetFile);
        if (tsFileManagement.contains(tsFileResource, true)) {
          logger.error("The file {} has already been loaded in sequence list", tsFileResource);
          return false;
        }
        tsFileManagement.add(tsFileResource, true);
        logger.info(
            "Load tsfile in sequence list, move file from {} to {}",
            tsFileToLoad.getAbsolutePath(),
            targetFile.getAbsolutePath());
        break;
      default:
        throw new LoadFileException(String.format("Unsupported type of loading tsfile : %s", type));
    }

    // move file from sync dir to data dir
    if (!targetFile.getParentFile().exists()) {
      targetFile.getParentFile().mkdirs();
    }
    try {
      FileUtils.moveFile(tsFileToLoad, targetFile);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      logger.error(
          "File renaming failed when loading tsfile. Origin: {}, Target: {}",
          tsFileToLoad.getAbsolutePath(),
          targetFile.getAbsolutePath(),
          e);
      throw new LoadFileException(
          String.format(
              "File renaming failed when loading tsfile. Origin: %s, Target: %s, because %s",
              tsFileToLoad.getAbsolutePath(), targetFile.getAbsolutePath(), e.getMessage()));
    }

    File resourceFileToLoad =
        fsFactory.getFile(tsFileToLoad.getAbsolutePath() + TsFileResource.RESOURCE_SUFFIX);
    File targetResourceFile =
        fsFactory.getFile(targetFile.getAbsolutePath() + TsFileResource.RESOURCE_SUFFIX);
    try {
      FileUtils.moveFile(resourceFileToLoad, targetResourceFile);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      logger.error(
          "File renaming failed when loading .resource file. Origin: {}, Target: {}",
          resourceFileToLoad.getAbsolutePath(),
          targetResourceFile.getAbsolutePath(),
          e);
      throw new LoadFileException(
          String.format(
              "File renaming failed when loading .resource file. Origin: %s, Target: %s, because %s",
              resourceFileToLoad.getAbsolutePath(),
              targetResourceFile.getAbsolutePath(),
              e.getMessage()));
    }

    File modFileToLoad =
        fsFactory.getFile(tsFileToLoad.getAbsolutePath() + ModificationFile.FILE_SUFFIX);
    if (modFileToLoad.exists()) {
      // when successfully loaded, the filepath of the resource will be changed to the IoTDB data
      // dir, so we can add a suffix to find the old modification file.
      File targetModFile =
          fsFactory.getFile(targetFile.getAbsolutePath() + ModificationFile.FILE_SUFFIX);
      try {
        Files.deleteIfExists(targetFile.toPath());
      } catch (IOException e) {
        logger.warn("Cannot delete localModFile {}", targetModFile, e);
      }
      try {
        FileUtils.moveFile(modFileToLoad, targetModFile);
      } catch (IOException e) {
        logger.error(
            "File renaming failed when loading .mod file. Origin: {}, Target: {}",
            resourceFileToLoad.getAbsolutePath(),
            targetModFile.getAbsolutePath(),
            e);
        throw new LoadFileException(
            String.format(
                "File renaming failed when loading .mod file. Origin: %s, Target: %s, because %s",
                resourceFileToLoad.getAbsolutePath(),
                targetModFile.getAbsolutePath(),
                e.getMessage()));
      } finally {
        // ModFile will be updated during the next call to `getModFile`
        tsFileResource.setModFile(null);
      }
    }

    updatePartitionFileVersion(filePartitionId, tsFileResource.getVersion());
    return true;
  }

  /**
   * Delete tsfile if it exists.
   *
   * <p>Firstly, remove the TsFileResource from sequenceFileList/unSequenceFileList.
   *
   * <p>Secondly, delete the tsfile and .resource file.
   *
   * @param tsfieToBeDeleted tsfile to be deleted
   * @return whether the file to be deleted exists. @UsedBy sync module, load external tsfile
   *     module.
   */
  public boolean deleteTsfile(File tsfieToBeDeleted) {
    writeLock("deleteTsfile");
    TsFileResource tsFileResourceToBeDeleted = null;
    try {
      Iterator<TsFileResource> sequenceIterator = tsFileManagement.getIterator(true);
      while (sequenceIterator.hasNext()) {
        TsFileResource sequenceResource = sequenceIterator.next();
        if (sequenceResource.getTsFile().getName().equals(tsfieToBeDeleted.getName())) {
          tsFileResourceToBeDeleted = sequenceResource;
          tsFileManagement.remove(tsFileResourceToBeDeleted, true);
          break;
        }
      }
      if (tsFileResourceToBeDeleted == null) {
        Iterator<TsFileResource> unsequenceIterator = tsFileManagement.getIterator(false);
        while (unsequenceIterator.hasNext()) {
          TsFileResource unsequenceResource = unsequenceIterator.next();
          if (unsequenceResource.getTsFile().getName().equals(tsfieToBeDeleted.getName())) {
            tsFileResourceToBeDeleted = unsequenceResource;
            tsFileManagement.remove(tsFileResourceToBeDeleted, false);
            break;
          }
        }
      }
    } finally {
      writeUnlock();
    }
    if (tsFileResourceToBeDeleted == null) {
      return false;
    }
    tsFileResourceToBeDeleted.writeLock();
    try {
      tsFileResourceToBeDeleted.remove();
      logger.info("Delete tsfile {} successfully.", tsFileResourceToBeDeleted.getTsFile());
    } finally {
      tsFileResourceToBeDeleted.writeUnlock();
    }
    return true;
  }

  /**
   * get all working sequence tsfile processors
   *
   * @return all working sequence tsfile processors
   */
  public Collection<TsFileProcessor> getWorkSequenceTsFileProcessors() {
    return workSequenceTsFileProcessors.values();
  }

  /**
   * Move tsfile to the target directory if it exists.
   *
   * <p>Firstly, remove the TsFileResource from sequenceFileList/unSequenceFileList.
   *
   * <p>Secondly, move the tsfile and .resource file to the target directory.
   *
   * @param fileToBeMoved tsfile to be moved
   * @return whether the file to be moved exists. @UsedBy load external tsfile module.
   */
  public boolean moveTsfile(File fileToBeMoved, File targetDir) {
    writeLock("moveTsfile");
    TsFileResource tsFileResourceToBeMoved = null;
    try {
      Iterator<TsFileResource> sequenceIterator = tsFileManagement.getIterator(true);
      while (sequenceIterator.hasNext()) {
        TsFileResource sequenceResource = sequenceIterator.next();
        if (sequenceResource.getTsFile().getName().equals(fileToBeMoved.getName())) {
          tsFileResourceToBeMoved = sequenceResource;
          tsFileManagement.remove(tsFileResourceToBeMoved, true);
          break;
        }
      }
      if (tsFileResourceToBeMoved == null) {
        Iterator<TsFileResource> unsequenceIterator = tsFileManagement.getIterator(false);
        while (unsequenceIterator.hasNext()) {
          TsFileResource unsequenceResource = unsequenceIterator.next();
          if (unsequenceResource.getTsFile().getName().equals(fileToBeMoved.getName())) {
            tsFileResourceToBeMoved = unsequenceResource;
            tsFileManagement.remove(tsFileResourceToBeMoved, false);
            break;
          }
        }
      }
    } finally {
      writeUnlock();
    }
    if (tsFileResourceToBeMoved == null) {
      return false;
    }
    tsFileResourceToBeMoved.writeLock();
    try {
      tsFileResourceToBeMoved.moveTo(targetDir);
      logger.info(
          "Move tsfile {} to target dir {} successfully.",
          tsFileResourceToBeMoved.getTsFile(),
          targetDir.getPath());
    } finally {
      tsFileResourceToBeMoved.writeUnlock();
    }
    return true;
  }

  /**
   * get all working unsequence tsfile processors
   *
   * @return all working unsequence tsfile processors
   */
  public Collection<TsFileProcessor> getWorkUnsequenceTsFileProcessors() {
    return workUnsequenceTsFileProcessors.values();
  }

  public void setDataTTL(long dataTTL) {
    this.dataTTL = dataTTL;
    checkFilesTTL();
  }

  public List<TsFileResource> getSequenceFileTreeSet() {
    return tsFileManagement.getTsFileList(true);
  }

  public List<TsFileResource> getUnSequenceFileList() {
    return tsFileManagement.getTsFileList(false);
  }

  public String getVirtualStorageGroupId() {
    return virtualStorageGroupId;
  }

  public StorageGroupInfo getStorageGroupInfo() {
    return storageGroupInfo;
  }

  /**
   * Check if the data of "tsFileResource" all exist locally by comparing planIndexes in the
   * partition of "partitionNumber". This is available only when the IoTDB instances which generated
   * "tsFileResource" have the same plan indexes as the local one.
   *
   * @return true if any file contains plans with indexes no less than the max plan index of
   *     "tsFileResource", otherwise false.
   */
  public boolean isFileAlreadyExist(TsFileResource tsFileResource, long partitionNum) {
    // examine working processor first as they have the largest plan index
    return isFileAlreadyExistInWorking(
            tsFileResource, partitionNum, getWorkSequenceTsFileProcessors())
        || isFileAlreadyExistInWorking(
            tsFileResource, partitionNum, getWorkUnsequenceTsFileProcessors())
        || isFileAlreadyExistInClosed(tsFileResource, partitionNum, getSequenceFileTreeSet())
        || isFileAlreadyExistInClosed(tsFileResource, partitionNum, getUnSequenceFileList());
  }

  private boolean isFileAlreadyExistInClosed(
      TsFileResource tsFileResource, long partitionNum, Collection<TsFileResource> existingFiles) {
    for (TsFileResource resource : existingFiles) {
      if (resource.getTimePartition() == partitionNum
          && resource.getMaxPlanIndex() > tsFileResource.getMaxPlanIndex()) {
        logger.info(
            "{} is covered by a closed file {}: [{}, {}] [{}, {}]",
            tsFileResource,
            resource,
            tsFileResource.minPlanIndex,
            tsFileResource.maxPlanIndex,
            resource.minPlanIndex,
            resource.maxPlanIndex);
        return true;
      }
    }
    return false;
  }

  private boolean isFileAlreadyExistInWorking(
      TsFileResource tsFileResource,
      long partitionNum,
      Collection<TsFileProcessor> workingProcessors) {
    for (TsFileProcessor workingProcesssor : workingProcessors) {
      if (workingProcesssor.getTimeRangeId() == partitionNum) {
        TsFileResource workResource = workingProcesssor.getTsFileResource();
        boolean isCovered = workResource.getMaxPlanIndex() > tsFileResource.getMaxPlanIndex();
        if (isCovered) {
          logger.info(
              "{} is covered by a working file {}: [{}, {}] [{}, {}]",
              tsFileResource,
              workResource,
              tsFileResource.minPlanIndex,
              tsFileResource.maxPlanIndex,
              workResource.minPlanIndex,
              workResource.maxPlanIndex);
        }
        return isCovered;
      }
    }
    return false;
  }

  /** remove all partitions that satisfy a filter. */
  public void removePartitions(TimePartitionFilter filter) {
    // this requires blocking all other activities
    writeLock("removePartitions");
    try {
      // abort ongoing comapctions and merges
      CompactionMergeTaskPoolManager.getInstance().abortCompaction(logicalStorageGroupName);
      MergeManager.getINSTANCE().abortMerge(logicalStorageGroupName);
      // close all working files that should be removed
      removePartitions(filter, workSequenceTsFileProcessors.entrySet(), true);
      removePartitions(filter, workUnsequenceTsFileProcessors.entrySet(), false);

      // remove data files
      removePartitions(filter, tsFileManagement.getIterator(true), true);
      removePartitions(filter, tsFileManagement.getIterator(false), false);

    } finally {
      writeUnlock();
    }
  }

  // may remove the processorEntrys
  private void removePartitions(
      TimePartitionFilter filter,
      Set<Entry<Long, TsFileProcessor>> processorEntrys,
      boolean sequence) {
    for (Iterator<Entry<Long, TsFileProcessor>> iterator = processorEntrys.iterator();
        iterator.hasNext(); ) {
      Entry<Long, TsFileProcessor> longTsFileProcessorEntry = iterator.next();
      long partitionId = longTsFileProcessorEntry.getKey();
      TsFileProcessor processor = longTsFileProcessorEntry.getValue();
      if (filter.satisfy(logicalStorageGroupName, partitionId)) {
        processor.syncClose();
        iterator.remove();
        processor.getTsFileResource().remove();
        tsFileManagement.remove(processor.getTsFileResource(), sequence);
        updateLatestFlushTimeToPartition(partitionId, Long.MIN_VALUE);
        logger.debug(
            "{} is removed during deleting partitions",
            processor.getTsFileResource().getTsFilePath());
      }
    }
  }

  // may remove the iterator's data
  private void removePartitions(
      TimePartitionFilter filter, Iterator<TsFileResource> iterator, boolean sequence) {
    while (iterator.hasNext()) {
      TsFileResource tsFileResource = iterator.next();
      if (filter.satisfy(logicalStorageGroupName, tsFileResource.getTimePartition())) {
        tsFileResource.remove();
        tsFileManagement.remove(tsFileResource, sequence);
        updateLatestFlushTimeToPartition(tsFileResource.getTimePartition(), Long.MIN_VALUE);
        logger.debug("{} is removed during deleting partitions", tsFileResource.getTsFilePath());
      }
    }
  }

  public TsFileManagement getTsFileManagement() {
    return tsFileManagement;
  }

  /**
   * insert batch of rows belongs to one device
   *
   * @param insertRowsOfOneDevicePlan batch of rows belongs to one device
   */
  public void insert(InsertRowsOfOneDevicePlan insertRowsOfOneDevicePlan)
      throws WriteProcessException, TriggerExecutionException {
    writeLock("InsertRowsOfOneDevice");
    try {
      boolean isSequence = false;
      InsertRowPlan[] rowPlans = insertRowsOfOneDevicePlan.getRowPlans();
      for (int i = 0, rowPlansLength = rowPlans.length; i < rowPlansLength; i++) {

        InsertRowPlan plan = rowPlans[i];
        if (!isAlive(plan.getTime()) || insertRowsOfOneDevicePlan.isExecuted(i)) {
          // we do not need to write these part of data, as they can not be queried
          // or the sub-plan has already been executed, we are retrying other sub-plans
          continue;
        }
        // init map
        long timePartitionId = StorageEngine.getTimePartition(plan.getTime());

        partitionLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice.computeIfAbsent(
            timePartitionId, id -> new HashMap<>());
        // as the plans have been ordered, and we have get the write lock,
        // So, if a plan is sequenced, then all the rest plans are sequenced.
        //
        if (!isSequence) {
          isSequence =
              plan.getTime()
                  > partitionLatestFlushedTimeForEachDevice
                      .get(timePartitionId)
                      .getOrDefault(plan.getPrefixPath().getFullPath(), Long.MIN_VALUE);
        }
        // is unsequence and user set config to discard out of order data
        if (!isSequence
            && IoTDBDescriptor.getInstance().getConfig().isEnableDiscardOutOfOrderData()) {
          return;
        }
        latestTimeForEachDevice.computeIfAbsent(timePartitionId, l -> new HashMap<>());

        // fire trigger before insertion
        TriggerEngine.fire(TriggerEvent.BEFORE_INSERT, plan);
        // insert to sequence or unSequence file
        insertToTsFileProcessor(plan, isSequence, timePartitionId);
        // fire trigger before insertion
        TriggerEngine.fire(TriggerEvent.AFTER_INSERT, plan);
      }
    } finally {
      writeUnlock();
    }
  }

  @TestOnly
  public long getPartitionMaxFileVersions(long partitionId) {
    return partitionMaxFileVersions.getOrDefault(partitionId, -1L);
  }

  public void setCustomCloseFileListeners(List<CloseFileListener> customCloseFileListeners) {
    this.customCloseFileListeners = customCloseFileListeners;
  }

  public void setCustomFlushListeners(List<FlushListener> customFlushListeners) {
    this.customFlushListeners = customFlushListeners;
  }

  private enum LoadTsFileType {
    LOAD_SEQUENCE,
    LOAD_UNSEQUENCE
  }

  @FunctionalInterface
  public interface CloseTsFileCallBack {

    void call(TsFileProcessor caller) throws TsFileProcessorException, IOException;
  }

  @FunctionalInterface
  public interface UpdateEndTimeCallBack {

    boolean call(TsFileProcessor caller);
  }

  @FunctionalInterface
  public interface UpgradeTsFileResourceCallBack {

    void call(TsFileResource caller);
  }

  @FunctionalInterface
  public interface CloseCompactionMergeCallBack {

    void call(boolean isMergeExecutedInCurrentTask, long timePartitionId);
  }

  @FunctionalInterface
  public interface TimePartitionFilter {

    boolean satisfy(String storageGroupName, long timePartitionId);
  }

  public String getInsertWriteLockHolder() {
    return insertWriteLockHolder;
  }
}