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href="/zh/UserGuide/V1.2.x/Syntax-Conventions/Identifier.html#使用场景" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active toc-link level3">使用场景</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh/UserGuide/V1.2.x/Syntax-Conventions/Identifier.html#约束" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active toc-link level3">约束</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh/UserGuide/V1.2.x/Syntax-Conventions/Identifier.html#如何在反引号引起的标识符中使用引号" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active toc-link level3">如何在反引号引起的标识符中使用引号</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh/UserGuide/V1.2.x/Syntax-Conventions/Identifier.html#特殊情况示例" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active toc-link level3">特殊情况示例</a></li><!----><!--]--></ul><!--]--></ul></div><!--[--><!----><!--]--></aside></div><!----><div class="theme-hope-content"><!--
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--><h2 id="标识符" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#标识符" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 标识符</h2><h3 id="使用场景" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#使用场景" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 使用场景</h3><p>在 IoTDB 中,触发器名称、UDF函数名、元数据模板名称、用户与角色名、连续查询标识、Pipe、PipeSink、键值对中的键和值、别名等可以作为标识符。</p><h3 id="约束" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#约束" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 约束</h3><p>请注意,此处约束是标识符的通用约束,具体标识符可能还附带其它约束条件,如用户名限制字符数大于等于4,更严格的约束请参考具体标识符相关的说明文档。</p><p><strong>标识符命名有以下约束:</strong></p><ul><li><p>不使用反引号括起的标识符中,允许出现以下字符:</p><ul><li>[ 0-9 a-z A-Z _ ] (字母,数字,下划线)</li><li>[&#39;\u2E80&#39;..&#39;\u9FFF&#39;] (UNICODE 中文字符)</li></ul></li><li><p>标识符允许使用数字开头、不使用反引号括起的标识符不能全部为数字。</p></li><li><p>标识符是大小写敏感的。</p></li><li><p>标识符允许为关键字。</p></li></ul><p><strong>如果出现如下情况,标识符需要使用反引号进行引用:</strong></p><ul><li>标识符包含不允许的特殊字符。</li><li>标识符为实数。</li></ul><h3 id="如何在反引号引起的标识符中使用引号" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何在反引号引起的标识符中使用引号" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何在反引号引起的标识符中使用引号</h3><p><strong>在反引号引起的标识符中可以直接使用单引号和双引号。</strong></p><p><strong>在用反引号引用的标识符中,可以通过双写反引号的方式使用反引号,即 ` 可以表示为 ``</strong>,示例如下:</p><div class="language-SQL line-numbers-mode" data-ext="SQL"><pre class="language-SQL"><code># 创建模板 t1`t
create schema template `t1``t`
(temperature FLOAT encoding=RLE, status BOOLEAN encoding=PLAIN compression=SNAPPY)
# 创建模板 t1&#39;t&quot;t
create schema template `t1&#39;t&quot;t`
(temperature FLOAT encoding=RLE, status BOOLEAN encoding=PLAIN compression=SNAPPY)
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="特殊情况示例" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#特殊情况示例" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 特殊情况示例</h3><p>需要使用反引号进行引用的部分情况示例:</p><ul><li><p>触发器名称出现上述特殊情况时需使用反引号引用:</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-ext="sql"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token comment"># 创建触发器 alert.`listener-sg1d1s1</span>
<span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">TRIGGER</span> <span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>alert.``listener-sg1d1s1<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span>
<span class="token keyword">AFTER</span> <span class="token keyword">INSERT</span>
<span class="token keyword">ON</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>s1
<span class="token keyword">AS</span> <span class="token string">&#39;org.apache.iotdb.db.engine.trigger.example.AlertListener&#39;</span>
<span class="token keyword">WITH</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">&#39;lo&#39;</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&#39;0&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">&#39;hi&#39;</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&#39;100.0&#39;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div></li><li><p>UDF 名称出现上述特殊情况时需使用反引号引用:</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-ext="sql"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token comment"># 创建名为 111 的 UDF,111 为实数,所以需要用反引号引用。</span>
<span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">FUNCTION</span> <span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>111<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span> <span class="token keyword">AS</span> <span class="token string">&#39;org.apache.iotdb.udf.UDTFExample&#39;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div></li><li><p>元数据模板名称出现上述特殊情况时需使用反引号引用:</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-ext="sql"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token comment"># 创建名为 111 的元数据模板,111 为实数,需要用反引号引用。</span>
<span class="token keyword">create</span> <span class="token keyword">schema</span> template <span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>111<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span>temperature <span class="token keyword">FLOAT</span> encoding<span class="token operator">=</span>RLE<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">status</span> <span class="token keyword">BOOLEAN</span> encoding<span class="token operator">=</span>PLAIN compression<span class="token operator">=</span>SNAPPY<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div></li><li><p>用户名、角色名出现上述特殊情况时需使用反引号引用,同时无论是否使用反引号引用,用户名、角色名中均不允许出现空格,具体请参考权限管理章节中的说明。</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-ext="sql"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token comment"># 创建用户 special`user.</span>
<span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">USER</span> <span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>special``user.<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span> <span class="token string">&#39;write_pwd&#39;</span>
<span class="token comment"># 创建角色 111</span>
<span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> ROLE <span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>111<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div></li><li><p>连续查询标识出现上述特殊情况时需使用反引号引用:</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-ext="sql"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token comment"># 创建连续查询 test.cq</span>
<span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> CONTINUOUS QUERY <span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>test.cq<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span>
<span class="token keyword">BEGIN</span>
<span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> max_value<span class="token punctuation">(</span>temperature<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">INTO</span> temperature_max
<span class="token keyword">FROM</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ln<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token operator">*</span>
<span class="token keyword">GROUP</span> <span class="token keyword">BY</span> <span class="token keyword">time</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span>s<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">END</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div></li><li><p>Pipe、PipeSink 名称出现上述特殊情况时需使用反引号引用:</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-ext="sql"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token comment"># 创建 PipeSink test.*1</span>
<span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> PIPESINK <span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>test.*1<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span> <span class="token keyword">AS</span> IoTDB <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;ip&#39;</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&#39;输入你的IP&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment"># 创建 Pipe test.*2</span>
<span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> PIPE <span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>test.*2<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span> <span class="token keyword">TO</span> <span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>test.*1<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">select</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> root <span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> <span class="token keyword">time</span><span class="token operator">&gt;=</span>yyyy<span class="token operator">-</span>mm<span class="token operator">-</span>dd HH:MM:SS<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">WITH</span> <span class="token string">&#39;SyncDelOp&#39;</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&#39;true&#39;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div></li><li><p>Select 子句中可以结果集中的值指定别名,别名可以被定义为字符串或者标识符,示例如下:</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-ext="sql"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token keyword">select</span> s1 <span class="token keyword">as</span> temperature<span class="token punctuation">,</span> s2 <span class="token keyword">as</span> speed <span class="token keyword">from</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ln<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wf01<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wt01<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment"># 表头如下所示</span>
<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment">-----------------------------+-----------+-----+</span>
<span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token keyword">Time</span><span class="token operator">|</span>temperature<span class="token operator">|</span>speed<span class="token operator">|</span>
<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment">-----------------------------+-----------+-----+</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div></li><li><p>用于表示键值对,键值对的键和值可以被定义成常量(包括字符串)或者标识符,具体请参考键值对章节。</p></li></ul></div><!----><footer class="page-meta"><div class="meta-item edit-link"><a href="https://github.com/apache/iotdb/edit/rel/1.2/docs/zh/UserGuide/Syntax-Conventions/Identifier.md" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="发现错误?在 GitHub 上编辑此页" class="nav-link label"><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon edit-icon" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="edit icon"><path d="M430.818 653.65a60.46 60.46 0 0 1-50.96-93.281l71.69-114.012 7.773-10.365L816.038 80.138A60.46 60.46 0 0 1 859.225 62a60.46 60.46 0 0 1 43.186 18.138l43.186 43.186a60.46 60.46 0 0 1 0 86.373L588.879 565.55l-8.637 8.637-117.466 68.234a60.46 60.46 0 0 1-31.958 11.229z"></path><path d="M728.802 962H252.891A190.883 190.883 0 0 1 62.008 771.98V296.934a190.883 190.883 0 0 1 190.883-192.61h267.754a60.46 60.46 0 0 1 0 120.92H252.891a69.962 69.962 0 0 0-69.098 69.099V771.98a69.962 69.962 0 0 0 69.098 69.098h475.911A69.962 69.962 0 0 0 797.9 771.98V503.363a60.46 60.46 0 1 1 120.922 0V771.98A190.883 190.883 0 0 1 728.802 962z"></path></svg><!--]-->发现错误?在 GitHub 上编辑此页<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!----></a></div><div class="meta-item git-info"><!----><!----></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><a href="/zh/UserGuide/V1.2.x/Syntax-Conventions/Literal-Values.html" class="nav-link prev" aria-label="字面值常量"><div class="hint"><span class="arrow start"></span>上一页</div><div class="link"><!---->字面值常量</div></a><a href="/zh/UserGuide/V1.2.x/Syntax-Conventions/NodeName-In-Path.html" class="nav-link next" aria-label="路径结点名"><div class="hint">下一页<span class="arrow end"></span></div><div class="link">路径结点名<!----></div></a></nav><!----><!----><!--]--></main><!--]--><footer style="padding-bottom:2rem;"><span id="doc-version" style="display:none;">rel/1.2</span><p style="text-align:center;color:#909399;font-size:12px;margin:0 30px;">Copyright © 2023 The Apache Software Foundation.<br> Apache and the Apache feather logo are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation</p><p style="text-align:center;margin-top:10px;color:#909399;font-size:12px;margin:0 30px;"><strong>Have a question?</strong> Connect with us on QQ, WeChat, or Slack. <a href="https://github.com/apache/iotdb/issues/1995">Join the community</a> now.</p><p style="text-align:center;margin-top:10px;color:#909399;font-size:12px;margin:0 30px;"> We use <a href="https://analytics.google.com">Google Analytics</a> to collect anonymous, aggregated usage information. </p></footer></div><!--]--><!--]--><!----><!--]--></div>
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