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| --><h2 id="查询写回-select-into" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#查询写回-select-into" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 查询写回（SELECT ... INTO ...）</h2><p><code>SELECT ... INTO ...</code> 语句允许您将查询结果集写回到指定序列上。</p><h3 id="sql" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#sql" aria-hidden="true">#</a> SQL</h3><h4 id="语法" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#语法" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 语法</h4><p><strong>下面是 <code>select</code> 语句的语法定义：</strong></p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-ext="sql"><pre class="language-sql"><code>selectClause |
| intoClause? |
| fromClause |
| whereClause? |
| specialClause? |
| </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>如果去除 <code>intoClause</code> 子句，那么 <code>select</code> 语句即是单纯的查询语句。</p><p><code>intoClause</code> 子句是写回功能的标记语句。</p><p><strong>下面是 <code>intoClause</code> 子句的定义：</strong></p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-ext="sql"><pre class="language-sql"><code>intoClause |
| : <span class="token keyword">INTO</span> ALIGNED? intoPath <span class="token punctuation">(</span>COMMA intoPath<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">*</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| |
| intoPath |
| : fullPath |
| <span class="token operator">|</span> nodeNameWithoutStar <span class="token punctuation">(</span>DOT nodeNameWithoutStar<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">*</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p><code>intoPath</code>（目标序列）支持两种方式指定：</p><ul><li><p>以 <code>root</code> 开头的完整序列名指定</p><ul><li><p>例子：</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-ext="sql"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token keyword">select</span> s1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> s1 |
| <span class="token keyword">into</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>t1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>t2 |
| <span class="token keyword">from</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1 |
| </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div></li></ul></li><li><p>不以 <code>root</code> 开头的部分序列名指定，此时目标序列由 <code>from</code> 子句中的序列前缀和<code>intoPath</code>拼接而成</p><ul><li><p>例子：</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-ext="sql"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token keyword">select</span> s1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> s1 |
| <span class="token keyword">into</span> t1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> t2 |
| <span class="token keyword">from</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1 |
| </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>这等价于</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-ext="sql"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token keyword">select</span> s1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> s1 |
| <span class="token keyword">into</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>t1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>t2 |
| <span class="token keyword">from</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1 |
| </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div></li></ul></li></ul><p><strong>在<code>intoPath</code> 中，您还可以使用 <code>${i}</code>风格的路径匹配符来表示<code>from</code>子句中的部分路径。</strong></p><p>比如，对于路径<code>root.sg1.d1.v1</code>而言，<code>${1}</code>表示<code>sg1</code>，<code>${2}</code>表示<code>d1</code>，<code>${3}</code>表示<code>v1</code>。</p><ul><li><p>例子：</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-ext="sql"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token keyword">select</span> s1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> s1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> s1 |
| <span class="token keyword">into</span> ${<span class="token number">1</span>}_t1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ${<span class="token number">2</span>}<span class="token punctuation">,</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>${<span class="token number">2</span>}<span class="token punctuation">.</span>${<span class="token number">1</span>}<span class="token punctuation">.</span>t2 |
| <span class="token keyword">from</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1 |
| </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>这等价于</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-ext="sql"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token keyword">select</span> s1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> s1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> s1 |
| <span class="token keyword">into</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg_t1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>t2 |
| <span class="token keyword">from</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1 |
| </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div></li></ul><p><strong>您可以通过关键词 <code>ALIGNED</code> 指定 <code>intoPath</code>（目标序列）是否为一个对齐时间序列。</strong></p><p>当目标序列存在时，您需要保证源序列和目标时间序列的类型匹配。</p><p>当目标序列不存在时，系统将自动创建一个新的目标对齐时间序列。</p><ul><li><p>例子：</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-ext="sql"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token keyword">select</span> s1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> s2<span class="token punctuation">,</span> s3 |
| <span class="token keyword">into</span> aligned root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d2<span class="token punctuation">.</span>t1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d2<span class="token punctuation">.</span>t2<span class="token punctuation">,</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d2<span class="token punctuation">.</span>t3 |
| <span class="token keyword">from</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1 |
| </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div></li></ul><h4 id="支持写回的查询类型" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#支持写回的查询类型" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 支持写回的查询类型</h4><p><strong>注意，除了下述类型的查询，其余类型的查询（如<code>LAST</code>查询和原始聚合查询）都不被支持。</strong></p><ul><li><p>原始序列查询</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-ext="sql"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token keyword">select</span> s1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> s1 |
| <span class="token keyword">into</span> t1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> t2 |
| <span class="token keyword">from</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1 |
| </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div></li><li><p>时间序列生成函数查询（UDF查询）</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-ext="sql"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token keyword">select</span> s1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sin<span class="token punctuation">(</span>s2<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">into</span> t1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> t2 |
| <span class="token keyword">from</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1 |
| </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div></li><li><p>数学表达式查询</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-ext="sql"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token keyword">select</span> s1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sin<span class="token punctuation">(</span>s2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> s1 <span class="token operator">+</span> s3 |
| <span class="token keyword">into</span> t1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> t2<span class="token punctuation">,</span> t3 |
| <span class="token keyword">from</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1 |
| </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div></li><li><p>嵌套查询</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-ext="sql"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token keyword">select</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>s1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sin<span class="token punctuation">(</span>cos<span class="token punctuation">(</span>tan<span class="token punctuation">(</span>s1 <span class="token operator">+</span> s2 <span class="token operator">*</span> s3<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> cos<span class="token punctuation">(</span>s3<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> top_k<span class="token punctuation">(</span>s1 <span class="token operator">+</span> s3<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'k'</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'1'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">into</span> t1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> t2<span class="token punctuation">,</span> t3 |
| <span class="token keyword">from</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1 |
| </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div></li><li><p>Fill 查询</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-ext="sql"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token keyword">select</span> s1 |
| <span class="token keyword">into</span> fill_s1 |
| <span class="token keyword">from</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1 |
| <span class="token keyword">where</span> <span class="token keyword">time</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">10</span> |
| fill<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">float</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>linear<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span>ms<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span>ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div></li><li><p>Group By 查询</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-ext="sql"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token keyword">select</span> <span class="token function">count</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s1<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">into</span> group_by_s1 |
| <span class="token keyword">from</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1 |
| <span class="token keyword">group</span> <span class="token keyword">by</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span>ms<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div></li><li><p>Group By Fill 查询</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-ext="sql"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token keyword">select</span> last_value<span class="token punctuation">(</span>s1<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">into</span> group_by_fill_s1 |
| <span class="token keyword">from</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1 |
| <span class="token keyword">group</span> <span class="token keyword">by</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">1</span>ms<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| fill <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">float</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>PREVIOUS<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div></li></ul><h4 id="支持写回的查询子句" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#支持写回的查询子句" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 支持写回的查询子句</h4><p><strong>注意，除了下述子句，其余查询子句（如 <code>DESC</code> / <code>SOFFSET</code> 等）都不被支持。</strong></p><ul><li><p>支持值过滤</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-ext="sql"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token keyword">select</span> s1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> s1 |
| <span class="token keyword">into</span> t1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> t2 |
| <span class="token keyword">from</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1 |
| <span class="token keyword">where</span> s1 <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">and</span> s2 <span class="token operator"><</span> <span class="token number">0</span> |
| </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div></li><li><p>支持时间过滤</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-ext="sql"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token keyword">select</span> s1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> s1 |
| <span class="token keyword">into</span> t1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> t2 |
| <span class="token keyword">from</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1 |
| <span class="token keyword">where</span> <span class="token keyword">time</span> <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">0</span> |
| </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div></li><li><p>LIMIT / OFFSET</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-ext="sql"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token keyword">select</span> s1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> s1 |
| <span class="token keyword">into</span> t1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> t2 |
| <span class="token keyword">from</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1 |
| <span class="token keyword">limit</span> <span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token keyword">offset</span> <span class="token number">1000</span> |
| </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div></li></ul><h4 id="其他限制" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#其他限制" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 其他限制</h4><ul><li><code>select</code>子句中的源序列和<code>into</code>子句中的目标序列数量必须相同</li><li><code>select</code>子句不支持带 <code>*</code>/<code>**</code> 查询</li><li><code>into</code>子句中的目标序列不必预先创建（可使用自动创建schema功能），但是当<code>into</code>子句中的目标序列已存在时，您需要保证<code>select</code>子句中的源序列和<code>into</code>子句中的目标序列的数据类型一致</li><li><code>into</code>子句中的目标序列必须是互不相同的</li><li><code>from</code>子句只允许有一列序列前缀</li><li><code>from</code>子句不支持带 <code>*</code>/<code>**</code></li><li>由于时间序列生成函数查询（UDF查询）/ 数学表达式查询 / 嵌套查询 尚不支持对齐时间序列（Aligned Timeseries），所以如果您在<code>select</code>子句中使用了上述查询，并且对应操作数包含对齐时间序列，会提示错误</li></ul><h3 id="权限" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#权限" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 权限</h3><p>用户必须有下列权限才能正常执行查询写回语句：</p><ul><li>所有 <code>select</code> 子句中源序列的 <code>READ_TIMESERIES</code> 权限</li><li>所有 <code>into</code> 子句中目标序列 <code>INSERT_TIMESERIES</code> 权限</li></ul><p>更多用户权限相关的内容，请参考<a href="/zh/UserGuide/V0.13.x/Administration-Management/Administration.html" class="">权限管理语句</a>。</p><h3 id="配置参数" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#配置参数" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 配置参数</h3><ul><li><code>select_into_insert_tablet_plan_row_limit</code>：执行 select-into 语句时，一个 insert-tablet-plan 中可以处理的最大行数。 默认为 10000。</li></ul></div><!----><footer class="page-meta"><div class="meta-item edit-link"><a href="https://github.com/apache/iotdb/edit/rel/0.13/docs/zh/UserGuide/Process-Data/Select-Into.md" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="发现错误？在 GitHub 上编辑此页" class="nav-link label"><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon edit-icon" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="edit icon"><path d="M430.818 653.65a60.46 60.46 0 0 1-50.96-93.281l71.69-114.012 7.773-10.365L816.038 80.138A60.46 60.46 0 0 1 859.225 62a60.46 60.46 0 0 1 43.186 18.138l43.186 43.186a60.46 60.46 0 0 1 0 86.373L588.879 565.55l-8.637 8.637-117.466 68.234a60.46 60.46 0 0 1-31.958 11.229z"></path><path d="M728.802 962H252.891A190.883 190.883 0 0 1 62.008 771.98V296.934a190.883 190.883 0 0 1 190.883-192.61h267.754a60.46 60.46 0 0 1 0 120.92H252.891a69.962 69.962 0 0 0-69.098 69.099V771.98a69.962 69.962 0 0 0 69.098 69.098h475.911A69.962 69.962 0 0 0 797.9 771.98V503.363a60.46 60.46 0 1 1 120.922 0V771.98A190.883 190.883 0 0 1 728.802 962z"></path></svg><!--]-->发现错误？在 GitHub 上编辑此页<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!----></a></div><div class="meta-item git-info"><!----><!----></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><a href="/zh/UserGuide/V0.13.x/Process-Data/UDF-User-Defined-Function.html" class="nav-link prev" aria-label="用户定义函数(UDF)"><div class="hint"><span class="arrow start"></span>上一页</div><div class="link"><!---->用户定义函数(UDF)</div></a><a href="/zh/UserGuide/V0.13.x/Process-Data/Continuous-Query.html" class="nav-link next" aria-label="连续查询(CQ)"><div class="hint">下一页<span class="arrow end"></span></div><div class="link">连续查询(CQ)<!----></div></a></nav><!----><!----><!--]--></main><!--]--><footer style="padding-bottom:2rem;"><span id="doc-version" style="display:none;">rel/0.13</span><p style="text-align:center;color:#909399;font-size:12px;margin:0 30px;">Copyright © 2023 The Apache Software Foundation.<br> Apache and the Apache feather logo are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation</p><p style="text-align:center;margin-top:10px;color:#909399;font-size:12px;margin:0 30px;"><strong>Have a question?</strong> Connect with us on QQ, WeChat, or Slack. <a href="https://github.com/apache/iotdb/issues/1995">Join the community</a> now.</p><p style="text-align:center;margin-top:10px;color:#909399;font-size:12px;margin:0 30px;"> We use <a href="https://analytics.google.com">Google Analytics</a> to collect anonymous, aggregated usage information. </p></footer></div><!--]--><!--]--><!----><!--]--></div> |
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