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| <span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></nav></div></header> <div class="sidebar-mask"></div> <aside class="sidebar"><nav class="nav-links"><div class="nav-item"><div class="dropdown-wrapper"><a class="dropdown-title"><span class="title">文档</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></a> <ul class="nav-dropdown" style="display:none;"><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/zh/UserGuide/Master/QuickStart/QuickStart.html" class="nav-link">latest</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/zh/UserGuide/V0.13.x/QuickStart/QuickStart.html" class="nav-link">v0.13.x</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/zh/UserGuide/V0.12.x/QuickStart/QuickStart.html" class="nav-link">v0.12.x</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/zh/UserGuide/V0.11.x/Get Started/QuickStart.html" class="nav-link">v0.11.x</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/zh/UserGuide/V0.10.x/Get Started/QuickStart.html" class="nav-link">v0.10.x</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/zh/UserGuide/V0.9.x/0-Get Started/1-QuickStart.html" class="nav-link">v0.9.x</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/zh/UserGuide/V0.8.x/0-Get Started/1-QuickStart.html" class="nav-link">v0.8.x</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-item"><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=177051872" class="nav-link external"> |
| 系统设计 |
| <!----></a></div><div class="nav-item"><a href="/zh/Download/" class="nav-link">下载</a></div><div class="nav-item"><div class="dropdown-wrapper"><a class="dropdown-title"><span class="title">社区</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></a> <ul class="nav-dropdown" style="display:none;"><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/zh/Community/About.html" class="nav-link">关于社区</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/iotdb" class="nav-link external"> |
| Wiki |
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| 基金会 |
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| 活动 |
| <!----></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-item"><div class="dropdown-wrapper"><a class="dropdown-title"><span class="title">语言</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></a> <ul class="nav-dropdown" style="display:none;"><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/UserGuide/Master/API/Programming-Python-Native-API.html" class="nav-link">English</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/zh/UserGuide/Master/API/Programming-Python-Native-API.html" aria-current="page" class="nav-link router-link-exact-active router-link-active">简体中文</a></li></ul></div></div> <a href="https://github.com/apache/iotdb.git" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="repo-link"> |
| GitHub |
| <span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></nav> <ul class="sidebar-links"><li><section class="sidebar-group depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>IoTDB用户手册 (In progress)</span> <!----></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>IoTDB简介</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>快速上手</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>数据模式与概念</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>语法约定</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading open"><span>应用编程接口</span> <span class="arrow down"></span></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/zh/UserGuide/Master/API/Programming-Java-Native-API.html" class="sidebar-link">Java 原生接口</a></li><li><a href="/zh/UserGuide/Master/API/Programming-Python-Native-API.html" aria-current="page" class="active sidebar-link">Python 原生接口</a></li><li><a href="/zh/UserGuide/Master/API/Programming-Cpp-Native-API.html" class="sidebar-link">C++ 原生接口</a></li><li><a href="/zh/UserGuide/Master/API/Programming-Go-Native-API.html" class="sidebar-link">Go 原生接口</a></li><li><a href="/zh/UserGuide/Master/API/Programming-JDBC.html" class="sidebar-link">JDBC (不推荐)</a></li><li><a href="/zh/UserGuide/Master/API/Programming-MQTT.html" class="sidebar-link">MQTT</a></li><li><a href="/zh/UserGuide/Master/API/RestService.html" class="sidebar-link">REST API</a></li><li><a href="/zh/UserGuide/Master/API/Programming-TsFile-API.html" class="sidebar-link">TsFile API</a></li><li><a href="/zh/UserGuide/Master/API/InfluxDB-Protocol.html" class="sidebar-link">InfluxDB 协议适配器</a></li><li><a href="/zh/UserGuide/Master/API/Status-Codes.html" class="sidebar-link">状态码</a></li><li><a href="/zh/UserGuide/Master/API/Interface-Comparison.html" class="sidebar-link">原生接口对比</a></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>元数据操作</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>数据写入和删除</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>数据查询</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>数据处理</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>权限管理</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>运维工具</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>系统集成</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>分布式</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>UDF 资料库</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>参考</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li></ul> </aside> <main class="page"> <div class="content content__default"><h1 id="python-原生接口"><a href="#python-原生接口" class="header-anchor">#</a> Python 原生接口</h1> <h2 id="依赖"><a href="#依赖" class="header-anchor">#</a> 依赖</h2> <p>在使用 Python 原生接口包前，您需要安装 thrift (>=0.13) 依赖。</p> <h2 id="如何使用-示例"><a href="#如何使用-示例" class="header-anchor">#</a> 如何使用 （示例）</h2> <p>首先下载包：<code>pip3 install apache-iotdb</code></p> <p>您可以从这里得到一个使用该包进行数据读写的例子：<a href="https://github.com/apache/iotdb/blob/master/client-py/SessionExample.py" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Session Example<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></p> <p>关于对齐时间序列读写的例子：<a href="https://github.com/apache/iotdb/blob/master/client-py/SessionAlignedTimeseriesExample.py" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Aligned Timeseries Session Example<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></p> <p>（您需要在文件的头部添加<code>import iotdb</code>）</p> <p>或者：</p> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> iotdb<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Session <span class="token keyword">import</span> Session |
| |
| ip <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"127.0.0.1"</span> |
| port_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"6667"</span> |
| username_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"root"</span> |
| password_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"root"</span> |
| session <span class="token operator">=</span> Session<span class="token punctuation">(</span>ip<span class="token punctuation">,</span> port_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> username_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> password_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| session<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">open</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| zone <span class="token operator">=</span> session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get_time_zone<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><h2 id="基本接口说明"><a href="#基本接口说明" class="header-anchor">#</a> 基本接口说明</h2> <p>下面将给出 Session 对应的接口的简要介绍和对应参数：</p> <h3 id="初始化"><a href="#初始化" class="header-anchor">#</a> 初始化</h3> <ul><li>初始化 Session</li></ul> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>session <span class="token operator">=</span> Session<span class="token punctuation">(</span>ip<span class="token punctuation">,</span> port_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> username_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> password_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fetch_size<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1024</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> zone_id<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"UTC+8"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li>开启 Session，并决定是否开启 RPC 压缩</li></ul> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">open</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>enable_rpc_compression<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>注意: 客户端的 RPC 压缩开启状态需和服务端一致</p> <ul><li>关闭 Session</li></ul> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h3 id="数据定义接口-ddl"><a href="#数据定义接口-ddl" class="header-anchor">#</a> 数据定义接口 DDL</h3> <h4 id="存储组管理"><a href="#存储组管理" class="header-anchor">#</a> 存储组管理</h4> <ul><li>设置存储组</li></ul> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>set_storage_group<span class="token punctuation">(</span>group_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li>删除单个或多个存储组</li></ul> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>delete_storage_group<span class="token punctuation">(</span>group_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>delete_storage_groups<span class="token punctuation">(</span>group_name_lst<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><h4 id="时间序列管理"><a href="#时间序列管理" class="header-anchor">#</a> 时间序列管理</h4> <ul><li>创建单个或多个时间序列</li></ul> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>create_time_series<span class="token punctuation">(</span>ts_path<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_type<span class="token punctuation">,</span> encoding<span class="token punctuation">,</span> compressor<span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| props<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> tags<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> attributes<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> alias<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| |
| session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>create_multi_time_series<span class="token punctuation">(</span> |
| ts_path_lst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_type_lst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> encoding_lst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> compressor_lst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| props_lst<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> tags_lst<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> attributes_lst<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> alias_lst<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">None</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><ul><li>创建对齐时间序列</li></ul> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>create_aligned_time_series<span class="token punctuation">(</span> |
| device_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> measurements_lst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_type_lst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> encoding_lst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> compressor_lst |
| <span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><p>注意：目前<strong>暂不支持</strong>使用传感器别名。</p> <ul><li>删除一个或多个时间序列</li></ul> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>delete_time_series<span class="token punctuation">(</span>paths_list<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li>检测时间序列是否存在</li></ul> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>check_time_series_exists<span class="token punctuation">(</span>path<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h3 id="数据操作接口-dml"><a href="#数据操作接口-dml" class="header-anchor">#</a> 数据操作接口 DML</h3> <h4 id="数据写入"><a href="#数据写入" class="header-anchor">#</a> 数据写入</h4> <p>推荐使用 insert_tablet 帮助提高写入效率</p> <ul><li>插入一个 Tablet，Tablet 是一个设备若干行数据块，每一行的列都相同 |
| <ul><li><strong>写入效率高</strong></li> <li><strong>支持写入空值</strong> （0.13 版本起）</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Python API 里目前有两种 Tablet 实现</p> <ul><li>普通 Tablet</li></ul> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>values_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">11</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1.1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10011.1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"test01"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">11111</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1.25</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101.0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"test02"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">188.1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">688.25</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"test03"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6.25</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"test04"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">]</span> |
| timestamps_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> |
| tablet_ <span class="token operator">=</span> Tablet<span class="token punctuation">(</span> |
| device_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> measurements_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_types_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> values_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> timestamps_ |
| <span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>insert_tablet<span class="token punctuation">(</span>tablet_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><ul><li>Numpy Tablet</li></ul> <p>相较于普通 Tablet，Numpy Tablet 使用 <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">numpy.ndarray<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a> 来记录数值型数据。 |
| 内存占用和序列化耗时会降低很多，写入效率也会有很大提升。</p> <p><strong>注意</strong></p> <ol><li>Tablet 中的每一列时间戳和值记录为一个 ndarray</li> <li>ndarray 推荐使用如下面例子中的特定的 dtype，如果不使用，不会影响正确性。</li></ol> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>data_types_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> |
| TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>BOOLEAN<span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>INT32<span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>INT64<span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>FLOAT<span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>DOUBLE<span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>TEXT<span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">]</span> |
| np_values_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> |
| np<span class="token punctuation">.</span>array<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>BOOLEAN<span class="token punctuation">.</span>np_dtype<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| np<span class="token punctuation">.</span>array<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>INT32<span class="token punctuation">.</span>np_dtype<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| np<span class="token punctuation">.</span>array<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">11</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">11111</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>INT64<span class="token punctuation">.</span>np_dtype<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| np<span class="token punctuation">.</span>array<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1.1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1.25</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">188.1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>FLOAT<span class="token punctuation">.</span>np_dtype<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| np<span class="token punctuation">.</span>array<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">10011.1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101.0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">688.25</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6.25</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>DOUBLE<span class="token punctuation">.</span>np_dtype<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| np<span class="token punctuation">.</span>array<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"test01"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"test02"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"test03"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"test04"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>TEXT<span class="token punctuation">.</span>np_dtype<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">]</span> |
| np_timestamps_ <span class="token operator">=</span> np<span class="token punctuation">.</span>array<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>INT64<span class="token punctuation">.</span>np_dtype<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| np_tablet_ <span class="token operator">=</span> NumpyTablet<span class="token punctuation">(</span> |
| <span class="token string">"root.sg_test_01.d_02"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> measurements_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_types_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> np_values_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> np_timestamps_ |
| <span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>insert_tablet<span class="token punctuation">(</span>np_tablet_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br></div></div><ul><li>插入多个 Tablet</li></ul> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>insert_tablets<span class="token punctuation">(</span>tablet_lst<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li>插入一个 Record，一个 Record 是一个设备一个时间戳下多个测点的数据。</li></ul> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>insert_record<span class="token punctuation">(</span>device_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> timestamp<span class="token punctuation">,</span> measurements_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_types_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> values_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li>插入多个 Record</li></ul> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>insert_records<span class="token punctuation">(</span> |
| device_ids_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> time_list_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> measurements_list_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_type_list_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> values_list_ |
| <span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><ul><li>插入同属于一个 device 的多个 Record</li></ul> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>insert_records_of_one_device<span class="token punctuation">(</span>device_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> time_list<span class="token punctuation">,</span> measurements_list<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_types_list<span class="token punctuation">,</span> values_list<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h4 id="带有类型推断的写入"><a href="#带有类型推断的写入" class="header-anchor">#</a> 带有类型推断的写入</h4> <p>当数据均是 String 类型时，我们可以使用如下接口，根据 value 的值进行类型推断。例如：value 为 "true" ，就可以自动推断为布尔类型。value 为 "3.2" ，就可以自动推断为数值类型。服务器需要做类型推断，可能会有额外耗时，速度较无需类型推断的写入慢</p> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>insert_str_record<span class="token punctuation">(</span>device_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> timestamp<span class="token punctuation">,</span> measurements<span class="token punctuation">,</span> string_values<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h4 id="对齐时间序列的写入"><a href="#对齐时间序列的写入" class="header-anchor">#</a> 对齐时间序列的写入</h4> <p>对齐时间序列的写入使用 insert_aligned_xxx 接口，其余与上述接口类似：</p> <ul><li>insert_aligned_record</li> <li>insert_aligned_records</li> <li>insert_aligned_records_of_one_device</li> <li>insert_aligned_tablet</li> <li>insert_aligned_tablets</li></ul> <h3 id="iotdb-sql-接口"><a href="#iotdb-sql-接口" class="header-anchor">#</a> IoTDB-SQL 接口</h3> <ul><li>执行查询语句</li></ul> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute_query_statement<span class="token punctuation">(</span>sql<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li>执行非查询语句</li></ul> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute_non_query_statement<span class="token punctuation">(</span>sql<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li>执行语句</li></ul> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute_statement<span class="token punctuation">(</span>sql<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h3 id="元数据模版接口"><a href="#元数据模版接口" class="header-anchor">#</a> 元数据模版接口</h3> <h4 id="构建元数据模版"><a href="#构建元数据模版" class="header-anchor">#</a> 构建元数据模版</h4> <ol><li>首先构建Template类</li> <li>添加子节点，可以选择InternalNode或MeasurementNode</li> <li>调用创建元数据模版接口</li></ol> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>template <span class="token operator">=</span> Template<span class="token punctuation">(</span>name<span class="token operator">=</span>template_name<span class="token punctuation">,</span> share_time<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| |
| i_node_gps <span class="token operator">=</span> InternalNode<span class="token punctuation">(</span>name<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"GPS"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> share_time<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| i_node_v <span class="token operator">=</span> InternalNode<span class="token punctuation">(</span>name<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"vehicle"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> share_time<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| m_node_x <span class="token operator">=</span> MeasurementNode<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"x"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>FLOAT<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TSEncoding<span class="token punctuation">.</span>RLE<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Compressor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>SNAPPY<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| |
| i_node_gps<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add_child<span class="token punctuation">(</span>m_node_x<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| i_node_v<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add_child<span class="token punctuation">(</span>m_node_x<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| |
| template<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add_template<span class="token punctuation">(</span>i_node_gps<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| template<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add_template<span class="token punctuation">(</span>i_node_v<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| template<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add_template<span class="token punctuation">(</span>m_node_x<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| |
| session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>create_schema_template<span class="token punctuation">(</span>template<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><h4 id="修改模版节点信息"><a href="#修改模版节点信息" class="header-anchor">#</a> 修改模版节点信息</h4> <p>修改模版节点，其中修改的模版必须已经被创建。以下函数能够在已经存在的模版中增加或者删除物理量</p> <ul><li>在模版中增加实体</li></ul> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add_measurements_in_template<span class="token punctuation">(</span>template_name<span class="token punctuation">,</span> measurements_path<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_types<span class="token punctuation">,</span> encodings<span class="token punctuation">,</span> compressors<span class="token punctuation">,</span> is_aligned<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li>在模版中删除物理量</li></ul> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>delete_node_in_template<span class="token punctuation">(</span>template_name<span class="token punctuation">,</span> path<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h4 id="挂载元数据模板"><a href="#挂载元数据模板" class="header-anchor">#</a> 挂载元数据模板</h4> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>set_schema_template<span class="token punctuation">(</span>template_name<span class="token punctuation">,</span> prefix_path<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h4 id="卸载元数据模版"><a href="#卸载元数据模版" class="header-anchor">#</a> 卸载元数据模版</h4> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>unset_schema_template<span class="token punctuation">(</span>template_name<span class="token punctuation">,</span> prefix_path<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h4 id="查看元数据模版"><a href="#查看元数据模版" class="header-anchor">#</a> 查看元数据模版</h4> <ul><li>查看所有的元数据模版</li></ul> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>show_all_templates<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li>查看元数据模版中的物理量个数</li></ul> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>count_measurements_in_template<span class="token punctuation">(</span>template_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li>判断某个节点是否为物理量，该节点必须已经在元数据模版中</li></ul> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>count_measurements_in_template<span class="token punctuation">(</span>template_name<span class="token punctuation">,</span> path<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li>判断某个路径是否在元数据模版中，这个路径有可能不在元数据模版中</li></ul> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_path_exist_in_template<span class="token punctuation">(</span>template_name<span class="token punctuation">,</span> path<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li>查看某个元数据模板下的物理量</li></ul> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>show_measurements_in_template<span class="token punctuation">(</span>template_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li>查看挂载了某个元数据模板的路径前缀</li></ul> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>show_paths_template_set_on<span class="token punctuation">(</span>template_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li>查看使用了某个元数据模板（即序列已创建）的路径前缀</li></ul> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>show_paths_template_using_on<span class="token punctuation">(</span>template_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h4 id="删除元数据模版"><a href="#删除元数据模版" class="header-anchor">#</a> 删除元数据模版</h4> <p>删除已经存在的元数据模版，不支持删除已经挂载的模版</p> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>drop_schema_template<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"template_python"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h3 id="对-pandas-的支持"><a href="#对-pandas-的支持" class="header-anchor">#</a> 对 Pandas 的支持</h3> <p>我们支持将查询结果轻松地转换为 <a href="https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.DataFrame.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Pandas Dataframe<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>。</p> <p>SessionDataSet 有一个方法<code>.todf()</code>，它的作用是消费 SessionDataSet 中的数据，并将数据转换为 pandas dataframe。</p> <p>例子：</p> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> iotdb<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Session <span class="token keyword">import</span> Session |
| |
| ip <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"127.0.0.1"</span> |
| port_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"6667"</span> |
| username_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"root"</span> |
| password_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"root"</span> |
| session <span class="token operator">=</span> Session<span class="token punctuation">(</span>ip<span class="token punctuation">,</span> port_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> username_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> password_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| session<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">open</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| result <span class="token operator">=</span> session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute_query_statement<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"SELECT ** FROM root"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| |
| <span class="token comment"># Transform to Pandas Dataset</span> |
| df <span class="token operator">=</span> result<span class="token punctuation">.</span>todf<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| |
| session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| |
| <span class="token comment"># Now you can work with the dataframe</span> |
| df <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><h3 id="iotdb-testcontainer"><a href="#iotdb-testcontainer" class="header-anchor">#</a> IoTDB Testcontainer</h3> <p>Python 客户端对测试的支持是基于<code>testcontainers</code>库 (https://testcontainers-python.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html) 的，如果您想使用该特性，就需要将其安装到您的项目中。</p> <p>要在 Docker 容器中启动（和停止）一个 IoTDB 数据库，只需这样做：</p> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">MyTestCase</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>unittest<span class="token punctuation">.</span>TestCase<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> |
| |
| <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">test_something</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>self<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">with</span> IoTDBContainer<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> c<span class="token punctuation">:</span> |
| session <span class="token operator">=</span> Session<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"localhost"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> c<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get_exposed_port<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">6667</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"root"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"root"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| session<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">open</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| result <span class="token operator">=</span> session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute_query_statement<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"SHOW TIMESERIES"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><p>默认情况下，它会拉取最新的 IoTDB 镜像 <code>apache/iotdb:latest</code>进行测试，如果您想指定待测 IoTDB 的版本，您只需要将版本信息像这样声明：<code>IoTDBContainer("apache/iotdb:0.12.0")</code>，此时，您就会得到一个<code>0.12.0</code>版本的 IoTDB 实例。</p> <h3 id="iotdb-dbapi"><a href="#iotdb-dbapi" class="header-anchor">#</a> IoTDB DBAPI</h3> <p>IoTDB DBAPI 遵循 Python DB API 2.0 规范 (https://peps.python.org/pep-0249/)，实现了通过Python语言访问数据库的通用接口。</p> <h4 id="例子"><a href="#例子" class="header-anchor">#</a> 例子</h4> <ul><li>初始化</li></ul> <p>初始化的参数与Session部分保持一致（sqlalchemy_mode参数除外，该参数仅在SQLAlchemy方言中使用）</p> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> iotdb<span class="token punctuation">.</span>dbapi <span class="token keyword">import</span> connect |
| |
| ip <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"127.0.0.1"</span> |
| port_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"6667"</span> |
| username_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"root"</span> |
| password_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"root"</span> |
| conn <span class="token operator">=</span> connect<span class="token punctuation">(</span>ip<span class="token punctuation">,</span> port_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> username_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> password_<span class="token punctuation">,</span>fetch_size<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1024</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>zone_id<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"UTC+8"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>sqlalchemy_mode<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| cursor <span class="token operator">=</span> conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>cursor<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><ul><li>执行简单的SQL语句</li></ul> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>cursor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"SELECT ** FROM root"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">for</span> row <span class="token keyword">in</span> cursor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>fetchall<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>row<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><ul><li>执行带有参数的SQL语句</li></ul> <p>IoTDB DBAPI 支持pyformat风格的参数</p> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>cursor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"SELECT ** FROM root WHERE time < %(time)s"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"time"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token string">"2017-11-01T00:08:00.000"</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">for</span> row <span class="token keyword">in</span> cursor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>fetchall<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>row<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><ul><li>批量执行带有参数的SQL语句</li></ul> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>seq_of_parameters <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"timestamp"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"temperature"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"timestamp"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"temperature"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"timestamp"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"temperature"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"timestamp"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"temperature"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"timestamp"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"temperature"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">]</span> |
| sql <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"insert into root.cursor(timestamp,temperature) values(%(timestamp)s,%(temperature)s)"</span> |
| cursor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>executemany<span class="token punctuation">(</span>sql<span class="token punctuation">,</span>seq_of_parameters<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><ul><li>关闭连接</li></ul> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>cursor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><h3 id="iotdb-sqlalchemy-dialect-实验性"><a href="#iotdb-sqlalchemy-dialect-实验性" class="header-anchor">#</a> IoTDB SQLAlchemy Dialect（实验性）</h3> <p>IoTDB的SQLAlchemy方言主要是为了适配Apache superset而编写的，该部分仍在完善中，请勿在生产环境中使用！</p> <h4 id="元数据模型映射"><a href="#元数据模型映射" class="header-anchor">#</a> 元数据模型映射</h4> <p>SQLAlchemy 所使用的数据模型为关系数据模型，这种数据模型通过表格来描述不同实体之间的关系。 |
| 而 IoTDB 的数据模型为层次数据模型，通过树状结构来对数据进行组织。 |
| 为了使 IoTDB 能够适配 SQLAlchemy 的方言，需要对 IoTDB 中原有的数据模型进行重新组织， |
| 把 IoTDB 的数据模型转换成 SQLAlchemy 的数据模型。</p> <p>IoTDB 中的元数据有：</p> <ol><li>Storage Group：存储组</li> <li>Path：存储路径</li> <li>Entity：实体</li> <li>Measurement：物理量</li></ol> <p>SQLAlchemy 中的元数据有：</p> <ol><li>Schema：数据模式</li> <li>Table：数据表</li> <li>Column：数据列</li></ol> <p>它们之间的映射关系为：</p> <table><thead><tr><th>SQLAlchemy中的元数据</th> <th>IoTDB中对应的元数据</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>Schema</td> <td>Storage Group</td></tr> <tr><td>Table</td> <td>Path ( from storage group to entity ) + Entity</td></tr> <tr><td>Column</td> <td>Measurement</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>下图更加清晰的展示了二者的映射关系：</p> <p><img src="https://github.com/apache/iotdb-bin-resources/blob/main/docs/UserGuide/API/IoTDB-SQLAlchemy/sqlalchemy-to-iotdb.png?raw=true" alt="sqlalchemy-to-iotdb"></p> <h4 id="数据类型映射"><a href="#数据类型映射" class="header-anchor">#</a> 数据类型映射</h4> <table><thead><tr><th>IoTDB 中的数据类型</th> <th>SQLAlchemy 中的数据类型</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>BOOLEAN</td> <td>Boolean</td></tr> <tr><td>INT32</td> <td>Integer</td></tr> <tr><td>INT64</td> <td>BigInteger</td></tr> <tr><td>FLOAT</td> <td>Float</td></tr> <tr><td>DOUBLE</td> <td>Float</td></tr> <tr><td>TEXT</td> <td>Text</td></tr> <tr><td>LONG</td> <td>BigInteger</td></tr></tbody></table> <h4 id="example"><a href="#example" class="header-anchor">#</a> Example</h4> <ul><li>执行语句</li></ul> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> sqlalchemy <span class="token keyword">import</span> create_engine |
| |
| engine <span class="token operator">=</span> create_engine<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"iotdb://root:root@127.0.0.1:6667"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| connect <span class="token operator">=</span> engine<span class="token punctuation">.</span>connect<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| result <span class="token operator">=</span> connect<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"SELECT ** FROM root"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">for</span> row <span class="token keyword">in</span> result<span class="token punctuation">.</span>fetchall<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>row<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><ul><li>ORM (目前只支持简单的查询)</li></ul> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> sqlalchemy <span class="token keyword">import</span> create_engine<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Column<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Float<span class="token punctuation">,</span> BigInteger<span class="token punctuation">,</span> MetaData |
| <span class="token keyword">from</span> sqlalchemy<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ext<span class="token punctuation">.</span>declarative <span class="token keyword">import</span> declarative_base |
| <span class="token keyword">from</span> sqlalchemy<span class="token punctuation">.</span>orm <span class="token keyword">import</span> sessionmaker |
| |
| metadata <span class="token operator">=</span> MetaData<span class="token punctuation">(</span> |
| schema<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'root.factory'</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| Base <span class="token operator">=</span> declarative_base<span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadata<span class="token operator">=</span>metadata<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| |
| |
| <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Device</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Base<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> |
| __tablename__ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"room2.device1"</span> |
| Time <span class="token operator">=</span> Column<span class="token punctuation">(</span>BigInteger<span class="token punctuation">,</span> primary_key<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| temperature <span class="token operator">=</span> Column<span class="token punctuation">(</span>Float<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| status <span class="token operator">=</span> Column<span class="token punctuation">(</span>Float<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| |
| |
| engine <span class="token operator">=</span> create_engine<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"iotdb://root:root@127.0.0.1:6667"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| |
| DbSession <span class="token operator">=</span> sessionmaker<span class="token punctuation">(</span>bind<span class="token operator">=</span>engine<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| session <span class="token operator">=</span> DbSession<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| |
| res <span class="token operator">=</span> session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>query<span class="token punctuation">(</span>Device<span class="token punctuation">.</span>status<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">filter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Device<span class="token punctuation">.</span>temperature <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| |
| <span class="token keyword">for</span> row <span class="token keyword">in</span> res<span class="token punctuation">:</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>row<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br></div></div><h2 id="给开发人员"><a href="#给开发人员" class="header-anchor">#</a> 给开发人员</h2> <h3 id="介绍"><a href="#介绍" class="header-anchor">#</a> 介绍</h3> <p>这是一个使用 thrift rpc 接口连接到 IoTDB 的示例。在 Windows 和 Linux 上操作几乎是一样的，但要注意路径分隔符等不同之处。</p> <h3 id="依赖-2"><a href="#依赖-2" class="header-anchor">#</a> 依赖</h3> <p>首选 Python3.7 或更高版本。</p> <p>必须安装 thrift（0.11.0 或更高版本）才能将 thrift 文件编译为 Python 代码。下面是官方的安装教程，最终，您应该得到一个 thrift 可执行文件。</p> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>http://thrift.apache.org/docs/install/ |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>在开始之前，您还需要在 Python 环境中安装<code>requirements_dev.txt</code>中的其他依赖：</p> <div class="language-shell line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-shell"><code>pip <span class="token function">install</span> -r requirements_dev.txt |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h3 id="编译-thrift-库并调试"><a href="#编译-thrift-库并调试" class="header-anchor">#</a> 编译 thrift 库并调试</h3> <p>在 IoTDB 源代码文件夹的根目录下，运行<code>mvn clean generate-sources -pl client-py -am</code>，</p> <p>这个指令将自动删除<code>iotdb/thrift</code>中的文件，并使用新生成的 thrift 文件重新填充该文件夹。</p> <p>这个文件夹在 git 中会被忽略，并且<strong>永远不应该被推到 git 中！</strong></p> <p><strong>注意</strong>不要将<code>iotdb/thrift</code>上传到 git 仓库中 ！</p> <h3 id="session-客户端-使用示例"><a href="#session-客户端-使用示例" class="header-anchor">#</a> Session 客户端 & 使用示例</h3> <p>我们将 thrift 接口打包到<code>client-py/src/iotdb/session.py</code>中（与 Java 版本类似），还提供了一个示例文件<code>client-py/src/SessionExample.py</code>来说明如何使用 Session 模块。请仔细阅读。</p> <p>另一个简单的例子：</p> <div class="language-python line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> iotdb<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Session <span class="token keyword">import</span> Session |
| |
| ip <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"127.0.0.1"</span> |
| port_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"6667"</span> |
| username_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"root"</span> |
| password_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"root"</span> |
| session <span class="token operator">=</span> Session<span class="token punctuation">(</span>ip<span class="token punctuation">,</span> port_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> username_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> password_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| session<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">open</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| zone <span class="token operator">=</span> session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get_time_zone<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><h3 id="测试"><a href="#测试" class="header-anchor">#</a> 测试</h3> <p>请在<code>tests</code>文件夹中添加自定义测试。</p> <p>要运行所有的测试，只需在根目录中运行<code>pytest .</code>即可。</p> <p><strong>注意</strong>一些测试需要在您的系统上使用 docker，因为测试的 IoTDB 实例是使用 <a href="https://testcontainers-python.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">testcontainers<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a> 在 docker 容器中启动的。</p> <h3 id="其他工具"><a href="#其他工具" class="header-anchor">#</a> 其他工具</h3> <p><a href="https://pypi.org/project/black/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">black<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a> 和 <a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">flake8<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a> 分别用于自动格式化和 linting。 |
| 它们可以通过 <code>black .</code> 或 <code>flake8 .</code> 分别运行。</p> <h2 id="发版"><a href="#发版" class="header-anchor">#</a> 发版</h2> <p>要进行发版，</p> <p>只需确保您生成了正确的 thrift 代码，</p> <p>运行了 linting 并进行了自动格式化，</p> <p>然后，确保所有测试都正常通过（通过<code>pytest .</code>），</p> <p>最后，您就可以将包发布到 pypi 了。</p> <h3 id="准备您的环境"><a href="#准备您的环境" class="header-anchor">#</a> 准备您的环境</h3> <p>首先，通过<code>pip install -r requirements_dev.txt</code>安装所有必要的开发依赖。</p> <h3 id="发版-2"><a href="#发版-2" class="header-anchor">#</a> 发版</h3> <p>有一个脚本<code>release.sh</code>可以用来执行发版的所有步骤。</p> <p>这些步骤包括：</p> <ul><li><p>删除所有临时目录（如果存在）</p></li> <li><p>（重新）通过 mvn 生成所有必须的源代码</p></li> <li><p>运行 linting （flke8）</p></li> <li><p>通过 pytest 运行测试</p></li> <li><p>Build</p></li> <li><p>发布到 pypi</p></li></ul></div> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"> |
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