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<link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-us" href="https://iotdb.apache.org/UserGuide/Master/stage/Operate-Metadata/Database.html"><meta property="og:url" content="https://iotdb.apache.org/zh/UserGuide/Master/stage/Operate-Metadata/Database.html"><meta property="og:site_name" content="IoTDB Website"><meta property="og:title" content="元数据操作"><meta property="og:description" content="数据库管理 数据库（Database）可以被视为关系数据库中的Database。 创建数据库 我们可以根据存储模型建立相应的数据库。如下所示： 需要注意的是，database 的父子节点都不能再设置 database。例如在已经有root.ln和`root.sgcc这两个 database 的情况下，创建root.ln.wf01` database 是..."><meta property="og:type" content="article"><meta property="og:locale" content="zh-CN"><meta property="og:locale:alternate" content="en-US"><meta property="og:updated_time" content="2023-10-25T10:37:38.000Z"><meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-10-25T10:37:38.000Z"><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"元数据操作","image":[""],"dateModified":"2023-10-25T10:37:38.000Z","author":[]}</script><link rel="icon" href="/favicon.ico"><meta name="Description" content="Apache IoTDB: Time Series Database for IoT"><meta name="Keywords" content="TSDB, time series, time series database, IoTDB, IoT database, IoT data management,时序数据库, 时间序列管理, IoTDB, 物联网数据库, 实时数据库, 物联网数据管理, 物联网数据"><meta name="baidu-site-verification" content="wfKETzB3OT"><meta name="google-site-verification" content="mZWAoRY0yj_HAr-s47zHCGHzx5Ju-RVm5wDbPnwQYFo"><title>元数据操作 | IoTDB Website</title><meta name="description" content="数据库管理 数据库（Database）可以被视为关系数据库中的Database。 创建数据库 我们可以根据存储模型建立相应的数据库。如下所示： 需要注意的是，database 的父子节点都不能再设置 database。例如在已经有root.ln和`root.sgcc这两个 database 的情况下，创建root.ln.wf01` database 是...">
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947.289h669.74a134.36 134.36 0 00133.94-133.938V277.595a134.314 134.314 0 00-133.94-133.938zm33.473 267.877H147.126a33.145 33.145 0 01-33.473-33.473c0-18.752 14.72-33.473 33.473-33.473h736.687c18.752 0 33.472 14.72 33.472 33.473a33.145 33.145 0 01-33.472 33.473z"></path></svg><span><!----></span><meta property="datePublished" content="2023-10-25T10:37:38.000Z"></span><!----><span class="page-reading-time-info" aria-label="阅读时间"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon timer-icon" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="timer icon"><path d="M799.387 122.15c4.402-2.978 7.38-7.897 7.38-13.463v-1.165c0-8.933-7.38-16.312-16.312-16.312H256.33c-8.933 0-16.311 7.38-16.311 16.312v1.165c0 5.825 2.977 10.874 7.637 13.592 4.143 194.44 97.22 354.963 220.201 392.763-122.204 37.542-214.893 196.511-220.2 389.397-4.661 5.049-7.638 11.651-7.638 19.03v5.825h566.49v-5.825c0-7.379-2.849-13.981-7.509-18.9-5.049-193.016-97.867-351.985-220.2-389.527 123.24-37.67 216.446-198.453 220.588-392.892zM531.16 450.445v352.632c117.674 1.553 211.787 40.778 211.787 88.676H304.097c0-48.286 95.149-87.382 213.728-88.676V450.445c-93.077-3.107-167.901-81.297-167.901-177.093 0-8.803 6.99-15.793 15.793-15.793 8.803 0 15.794 6.99 15.794 15.793 0 80.261 63.69 145.635 142.01 145.635s142.011-65.374 142.011-145.635c0-8.803 6.99-15.793 15.794-15.793s15.793 6.99 15.793 15.793c0 95.019-73.789 172.82-165.96 177.093z"></path></svg><span>大约 4 分钟</span><meta property="timeRequired" content="PT4M"></span><!----><!----></div><hr></div><div class="toc-place-holder"><aside id="toc"><!--[--><!----><!--]--><div class="toc-header">此页内容<button type="button" class="print-button" title="打印"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon print-icon" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="print icon"><path d="M819.2 364.8h-44.8V128c0-17.067-14.933-32-32-32H281.6c-17.067 0-32 14.933-32 32v236.8h-44.8C145.067 364.8 96 413.867 96 473.6v192c0 59.733 49.067 108.8 108.8 108.8h44.8V896c0 17.067 14.933 32 32 32h460.8c17.067 0 32-14.933 32-32V774.4h44.8c59.733 0 108.8-49.067 108.8-108.8v-192c0-59.733-49.067-108.8-108.8-108.8zM313.6 160h396.8v204.8H313.6V160zm396.8 704H313.6V620.8h396.8V864zM864 665.6c0 25.6-19.2 44.8-44.8 44.8h-44.8V588.8c0-17.067-14.933-32-32-32H281.6c-17.067 0-32 14.933-32 32v121.6h-44.8c-25.6 0-44.8-19.2-44.8-44.8v-192c0-25.6 19.2-44.8 44.8-44.8h614.4c25.6 0 44.8 19.2 44.8 44.8v192z"></path></svg></button></div><div class="toc-wrapper"><ul class="toc-list"><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a class="vp-link toc-link level2" href="/#数据库管理">数据库管理</a></li><li><ul class="toc-list"><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a class="vp-link toc-link level3" href="/#创建数据库">创建数据库</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a class="vp-link toc-link level3" href="/#查看数据库">查看数据库</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a class="vp-link toc-link level3" href="/#删除数据库">删除数据库</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a class="vp-link toc-link level3" href="/#统计数据库数量">统计数据库数量</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a class="vp-link toc-link level3" href="/#设置异构数据库-进阶操作">设置异构数据库（进阶操作）</a></li><!----><!--]--></ul></li><!--]--></ul><div class="toc-marker" style="top:-1.7rem;"></div></div><!--[--><!----><!--]--></aside></div><!----><div class="theme-hope-content"><!--
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--><h1 id="元数据操作" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#元数据操作" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 元数据操作</h1><h2 id="数据库管理" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#数据库管理" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 数据库管理</h2><p>数据库（Database）可以被视为关系数据库中的Database。</p><h3 id="创建数据库" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#创建数据库" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 创建数据库</h3><p>我们可以根据存储模型建立相应的数据库。如下所示：</p><div class="language-text line-numbers-mode" data-ext="text"><pre class="language-text"><code>IoTDB &gt; CREATE DATABASE root.ln
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>需要注意的是，database 的父子节点都不能再设置 database。例如在已经有<code>root.ln</code>和<code>root.sgcc</code>这两个 database 的情况下，创建<code>root.ln.wf01</code> database 是不可行的。系统将给出相应的错误提示，如下所示：</p><div class="language-text line-numbers-mode" data-ext="text"><pre class="language-text"><code>IoTDB&gt; CREATE DATABASE root.ln.wf01
Msg: 300: root.ln has already been created as database.
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>Database 节点名只支持中英文字符、数字、下划线的组合，如果想设置为纯数字或者包含其他字符，需要用反引号(``)把 database 名称引起来。</p><p>还需注意，如果在 Windows 系统上部署，database 名是大小写不敏感的。例如同时创建<code>root.ln</code> 和 <code>root.LN</code> 是不被允许的。</p><h3 id="查看数据库" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#查看数据库" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 查看数据库</h3><p>在 database 创建后，我们可以使用 <a href="/zh/UserGuide/Master/stage/Reference/SQL-Reference.html" class="">SHOW DATABASES</a> 语句和 <a href="/zh/UserGuide/Master/stage/Reference/SQL-Reference.html" class="">SHOW DATABASES &lt;PathPattern&gt;</a> 来查看 database，SQL 语句如下所示：</p><div class="language-text line-numbers-mode" data-ext="text"><pre class="language-text"><code>IoTDB&gt; show databases
IoTDB&gt; show databases root.*
IoTDB&gt; show databases root.**
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>执行结果为：</p><div class="language-text line-numbers-mode" data-ext="text"><pre class="language-text"><code>+-------------+----+-------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| database| ttl|schema_replication_factor|data_replication_factor|time_partition_interval|
+-------------+----+-------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| root.sgcc|null| 2| 2| 604800|
| root.ln|null| 2| 2| 604800|
+-------------+----+-------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
Total line number = 2
It costs 0.060s
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="删除数据库" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#删除数据库" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 删除数据库</h3><p>用户可以使用<code>DELETE DATABASE &lt;PathPattern&gt;</code>语句删除该路径模式匹配的所有的数据库。在删除的过程中，需要注意的是数据库的数据也会被删除。</p><div class="language-text line-numbers-mode" data-ext="text"><pre class="language-text"><code>IoTDB &gt; DELETE DATABASE root.ln
IoTDB &gt; DELETE DATABASE root.sgcc
// 删除所有数据，时间序列以及数据库
IoTDB &gt; DELETE DATABASE root.**
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="统计数据库数量" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#统计数据库数量" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 统计数据库数量</h3><p>用户可以使用<code>COUNT DATABASES &lt;PathPattern&gt;</code>语句统计数据库的数量，允许指定<code>PathPattern</code> 用来统计匹配该<code>PathPattern</code> 的数据库的数量</p><p>SQL 语句如下所示：</p><div class="language-text line-numbers-mode" data-ext="text"><pre class="language-text"><code>IoTDB&gt; show databases
IoTDB&gt; count databases
IoTDB&gt; count databases root.*
IoTDB&gt; count databases root.sgcc.*
IoTDB&gt; count databases root.sgcc
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>执行结果为：</p><div class="language-text line-numbers-mode" data-ext="text"><pre class="language-text"><code>+-------------+
| database|
+-------------+
| root.sgcc|
| root.turbine|
| root.ln|
+-------------+
Total line number = 3
It costs 0.003s
+-------------+
| Database|
+-------------+
| 3|
+-------------+
Total line number = 1
It costs 0.003s
+-------------+
| Database|
+-------------+
| 3|
+-------------+
Total line number = 1
It costs 0.002s
+-------------+
| Database|
+-------------+
| 0|
+-------------+
Total line number = 1
It costs 0.002s
+-------------+
| database|
+-------------+
| 1|
+-------------+
Total line number = 1
It costs 0.002s
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="设置异构数据库-进阶操作" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#设置异构数据库-进阶操作" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 设置异构数据库（进阶操作）</h3><p>在熟悉 IoTDB 元数据建模的前提下，用户可以在 IoTDB 中设置异构的数据库，以便应对不同的生产需求。</p><p>目前支持的数据库异构参数有：</p><table><thead><tr><th>参数名</th><th>参数类型</th><th>参数描述</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>TTL</td><td>Long</td><td>数据库的 TTL</td></tr><tr><td>SCHEMA_REPLICATION_FACTOR</td><td>Integer</td><td>数据库的元数据副本数</td></tr><tr><td>DATA_REPLICATION_FACTOR</td><td>Integer</td><td>数据库的数据副本数</td></tr><tr><td>SCHEMA_REGION_GROUP_NUM</td><td>Integer</td><td>数据库的 SchemaRegionGroup 数量</td></tr><tr><td>DATA_REGION_GROUP_NUM</td><td>Integer</td><td>数据库的 DataRegionGroup 数量</td></tr></tbody></table><p>用户在配置异构参数时需要注意以下三点：</p><ul><li>TTL 和 TIME_PARTITION_INTERVAL 必须为正整数。</li><li>SCHEMA_REPLICATION_FACTOR 和 DATA_REPLICATION_FACTOR 必须小于等于已部署的 DataNode 数量。</li><li>SCHEMA_REGION_GROUP_NUM 和 DATA_REGION_GROUP_NUM 的功能与 iotdb-common.properties 配置文件中的<br><code>schema_region_group_extension_policy</code> 和 <code>data_region_group_extension_policy</code> 参数相关，以 DATA_REGION_GROUP_NUM 为例：<br> 若设置 <code>data_region_group_extension_policy=CUSTOM</code>，则 DATA_REGION_GROUP_NUM 将作为 Database 拥有的 DataRegionGroup 的数量；<br> 若设置 <code>data_region_group_extension_policy=AUTO</code>，则 DATA_REGION_GROUP_NUM 将作为 Database 拥有的 DataRegionGroup 的配额下界，即当该 Database 开始写入数据时，将至少拥有此数量的 DataRegionGroup。</li></ul><p>用户可以在创建 Database 时设置任意异构参数，或在单机/分布式 IoTDB 运行时调整部分异构参数。</p><h4 id="创建-database-时设置异构参数" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#创建-database-时设置异构参数" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 创建 Database 时设置异构参数</h4><p>用户可以在创建 Database 时设置上述任意异构参数，SQL 语句如下所示：</p><div class="language-text line-numbers-mode" data-ext="text"><pre class="language-text"><code>CREATE DATABASE prefixPath (WITH databaseAttributeClause (COMMA? databaseAttributeClause)*)?
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>例如：</p><div class="language-text line-numbers-mode" data-ext="text"><pre class="language-text"><code>CREATE DATABASE root.db WITH SCHEMA_REPLICATION_FACTOR=1, DATA_REPLICATION_FACTOR=3, SCHEMA_REGION_GROUP_NUM=1, DATA_REGION_GROUP_NUM=2;
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="运行时调整异构参数" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#运行时调整异构参数" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 运行时调整异构参数</h4><p>用户可以在 IoTDB 运行时调整部分异构参数，SQL 语句如下所示：</p><div class="language-text line-numbers-mode" data-ext="text"><pre class="language-text"><code>ALTER DATABASE prefixPath WITH databaseAttributeClause (COMMA? databaseAttributeClause)*
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>例如：</p><div class="language-text line-numbers-mode" data-ext="text"><pre class="language-text"><code>ALTER DATABASE root.db WITH SCHEMA_REGION_GROUP_NUM=1, DATA_REGION_GROUP_NUM=2;
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>注意，运行时只能调整下列异构参数：</p><ul><li>SCHEMA_REGION_GROUP_NUM</li><li>DATA_REGION_GROUP_NUM</li></ul><h4 id="查看异构数据库" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#查看异构数据库" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 查看异构数据库</h4><p>用户可以查询每个 Database 的具体异构配置，SQL 语句如下所示：</p><div class="language-text line-numbers-mode" data-ext="text"><pre class="language-text"><code>SHOW DATABASES DETAILS prefixPath?
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>例如：</p><div class="language-text line-numbers-mode" data-ext="text"><pre class="language-text"><code>IoTDB&gt; SHOW DATABASES DETAILS
+--------+--------+-----------------------+---------------------+---------------------+--------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+------------------+---------------------+---------------------+
|Database| TTL|SchemaReplicationFactor|DataReplicationFactor|TimePartitionInterval|SchemaRegionGroupNum|MinSchemaRegionGroupNum|MaxSchemaRegionGroupNum|DataRegionGroupNum|MinDataRegionGroupNum|MaxDataRegionGroupNum|
+--------+--------+-----------------------+---------------------+---------------------+--------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+------------------+---------------------+---------------------+
|root.db1| null| 1| 3| 604800000| 0| 1| 1| 0| 2| 2|
|root.db2|86400000| 1| 1| 604800000| 0| 1| 1| 0| 2| 2|
|root.db3| null| 1| 1| 604800000| 0| 1| 1| 0| 2| 2|
+--------+--------+-----------------------+---------------------+---------------------+--------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+------------------+---------------------+---------------------+
Total line number = 3
It costs 0.058s
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>各列查询结果依次为：</p><ul><li>数据库名称</li><li>数据库的 TTL</li><li>数据库的元数据副本数</li><li>数据库的数据副本数</li><li>数据库的时间分区间隔</li><li>数据库当前拥有的 SchemaRegionGroup 数量</li><li>数据库需要拥有的最小 SchemaRegionGroup 数量</li><li>数据库允许拥有的最大 SchemaRegionGroup 数量</li><li>数据库当前拥有的 DataRegionGroup 数量</li><li>数据库需要拥有的最小 DataRegionGroup 数量</li><li>数据库允许拥有的最大 DataRegionGroup 数量</li></ul></div><!----><footer class="page-meta"><div class="meta-item edit-link"><a href="https://github.com/apache/iotdb-docs/edit/main/src/zh/UserGuide/Master/stage/Operate-Metadata/Database.md" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="发现错误？在 GitHub 上编辑此页" class="nav-link label"><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon edit-icon" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="edit icon"><path d="M430.818 653.65a60.46 60.46 0 0 1-50.96-93.281l71.69-114.012 7.773-10.365L816.038 80.138A60.46 60.46 0 0 1 859.225 62a60.46 60.46 0 0 1 43.186 18.138l43.186 43.186a60.46 60.46 0 0 1 0 86.373L588.879 565.55l-8.637 8.637-117.466 68.234a60.46 60.46 0 0 1-31.958 11.229z"></path><path d="M728.802 962H252.891A190.883 190.883 0 0 1 62.008 771.98V296.934a190.883 190.883 0 0 1 190.883-192.61h267.754a60.46 60.46 0 0 1 0 120.92H252.891a69.962 69.962 0 0 0-69.098 69.099V771.98a69.962 69.962 0 0 0 69.098 69.098h475.911A69.962 69.962 0 0 0 797.9 771.98V503.363a60.46 60.46 0 1 1 120.922 0V771.98A190.883 190.883 0 0 1 728.802 962z"></path></svg><!--]-->发现错误？在 GitHub 上编辑此页<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!----></a></div><div class="meta-item git-info"><div class="update-time"><span class="label">上次编辑于: </span><!----></div><div class="contributors"><span class="label">贡献者: </span><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: 105700158+wanghui42@users.noreply.github.com">wanghui42</span><!--]--><!--]--></div></div></footer><!----><!----><!----><!--]--></main><!--]--><footer style="padding-bottom:2rem;"><span id="doc-version" style="display:none;">master</span><p style="text-align:center;color:#909399;font-size:12px;margin:0 30px;">Copyright © 2023 The Apache Software Foundation.<br> Apache and the Apache feather logo are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation</p><p style="text-align:center;margin-top:10px;color:#909399;font-size:12px;margin:0 30px;"><strong>Have a question?</strong> Connect with us on QQ, WeChat, or Slack. <a href="https://github.com/apache/iotdb/issues/1995">Join the community</a> now.</p><p style="text-align:center;margin-top:10px;color:#909399;font-size:12px;margin:0 30px;"> We use <a href="https://analytics.google.com">Google Analytics</a> to collect anonymous, aggregated usage information. </p></footer></div><!--]--><!--]--><!----><!--]--></div>
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