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class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active nav-link sidebar-link heading" aria-label="写入数据"><!---->写入数据<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh/UserGuide/V0.13.x/Write-And-Delete-Data/Write-Data.html#使用-insert-语句" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active nav-link sidebar-link heading" aria-label="使用 INSERT 语句"><!---->使用 INSERT 语句<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh/UserGuide/V0.13.x/Write-And-Delete-Data/Write-Data.html#向对齐时间序列插入数据" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active nav-link sidebar-link heading" aria-label="向对齐时间序列插入数据"><!---->向对齐时间序列插入数据<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li></ul></li></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a href="/zh/UserGuide/V0.13.x/Write-And-Delete-Data/Load-External-Tsfile.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="加载 TsFile"><!---->加载 TsFile<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a href="/zh/UserGuide/V0.13.x/Write-And-Delete-Data/CSV-Tool.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="导入导出 CSV"><!---->导入导出 CSV<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a href="/zh/UserGuide/V0.13.x/Write-And-Delete-Data/Delete-Data.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="删除数据"><!---->删除数据<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable"><!----><span class="title">数据查询</span><span class="arrow end"></span></button><!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable"><!----><span class="title">数据处理</span><span class="arrow end"></span></button><!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable"><!----><span class="title">权限管理</span><span class="arrow end"></span></button><!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable"><!----><span class="title">运维工具</span><span class="arrow end"></span></button><!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable"><!----><span class="title">系统集成</span><span class="arrow end"></span></button><!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable"><!----><span class="title">UDF 资料库</span><span class="arrow end"></span></button><!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable"><!----><span class="title">参考</span><span class="arrow end"></span></button><!----></section></li></ul><!--[--><!----><!--]--></aside><!--[--><main class="page" id="main-content"><!--[--><!----><nav class="breadcrumb disable"></nav><div class="page-title"><h1><!---->数据写入和删除</h1><div class="page-info"><!----><!----><!----><!----><span 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| --><h1 id="数据写入和删除" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#数据写入和删除" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 数据写入和删除</h1><h2 id="写入数据" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#写入数据" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 写入数据</h2><p>IoTDB 为用户提供多种插入实时数据的方式,例如在 <a href="/zh/UserGuide/V0.13.x/QuickStart/Command-Line-Interface.html" class="">Cli/Shell 工具</a> 中直接输入插入数据的 INSERT 语句,或使用 Java API(标准 <a href="/zh/UserGuide/V0.13.x/API/Programming-JDBC.html" class="">Java JDBC</a> 接口)单条或批量执行插入数据的 INSERT 语句。</p><p>本节主要为您介绍实时数据接入的 INSERT 语句在场景中的实际使用示例,有关 INSERT SQL 语句的详细语法请参见本文 <a href="/zh/UserGuide/V0.13.x/Reference/SQL-Reference.html" class="">INSERT 语句</a> 节。</p><h3 id="使用-insert-语句" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#使用-insert-语句" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 使用 INSERT 语句</h3><p>使用 INSERT 语句可以向指定的已经创建的一条或多条时间序列中插入数据。对于每一条数据,均由一个时间戳类型的时间戳和一个数值或布尔值、字符串类型的传感器采集值组成。</p><p>在本节的场景实例下,以其中的两个时间序列<code>root.ln.wf02.wt02.status</code>和<code>root.ln.wf02.wt02.hardware</code>为例 ,它们的数据类型分别为 BOOLEAN 和 TEXT。</p><p>单列数据插入示例代码如下:</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-ext="sql"><pre class="language-sql"><code>IoTDB <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">insert</span> <span class="token keyword">into</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ln<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wf02<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wt02<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">timestamp</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token keyword">status</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">values</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| IoTDB <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">insert</span> <span class="token keyword">into</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ln<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wf02<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wt02<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">timestamp</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>hardware<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">values</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'v1'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>以上示例代码将长整型的 timestamp 以及值为 true 的数据插入到时间序列<code>root.ln.wf02.wt02.status</code>中和将长整型的 timestamp 以及值为”v1”的数据插入到时间序列<code>root.ln.wf02.wt02.hardware</code>中。执行成功后会返回执行时间,代表数据插入已完成。</p><blockquote><p>注意:在 IoTDB 中,TEXT 类型的数据单双引号都可以来表示,上面的插入语句是用的是双引号表示 TEXT 类型数据,下面的示例将使用单引号表示 TEXT 类型数据。</p></blockquote><p>INSERT 语句还可以支持在同一个时间点下多列数据的插入,同时向 2 时间点插入上述两个时间序列的值,多列数据插入示例代码如下:</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-ext="sql"><pre class="language-sql"><code>IoTDB <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">insert</span> <span class="token keyword">into</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ln<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wf02<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wt02<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">timestamp</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">status</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> hardware<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">values</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'v2'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>此外,INSERT 语句支持一次性插入多行数据,同时向 2 个不同时间点插入上述时间序列的值,示例代码如下:</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-ext="sql"><pre class="language-sql"><code>IoTDB <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">insert</span> <span class="token keyword">into</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ln<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wf02<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wt02<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">timestamp</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">status</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> hardware<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">VALUES</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'v3'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'v4'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>插入数据后我们可以使用 SELECT 语句简单查询已插入的数据。</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-ext="sql"><pre class="language-sql"><code>IoTDB <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">select</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ln<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wf02<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wt02 <span class="token keyword">where</span> <span class="token keyword">time</span> <span class="token operator"><</span> <span class="token number">5</span> |
| </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>结果如图所示。由查询结果可以看出,单列、多列数据的插入操作正确执行。</p><div class="language-text line-numbers-mode" data-ext="text"><pre class="language-text"><code>+-----------------------------+--------------------------+------------------------+ |
| | Time|root.ln.wf02.wt02.hardware|root.ln.wf02.wt02.status| |
| +-----------------------------+--------------------------+------------------------+ |
| |1970-01-01T08:00:00.001+08:00| v1| true| |
| |1970-01-01T08:00:00.002+08:00| v2| false| |
| |1970-01-01T08:00:00.003+08:00| v3| false| |
| |1970-01-01T08:00:00.004+08:00| v4| true| |
| +-----------------------------+--------------------------+------------------------+ |
| Total line number = 4 |
| It costs 0.004s |
| </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>此外,我们可以省略 timestamp 列,此时系统将使用当前的系统时间作为该数据点的时间戳,示例代码如下:</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-ext="sql"><pre class="language-sql"><code>IoTDB <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">insert</span> <span class="token keyword">into</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ln<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wf02<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wt02<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">status</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> hardware<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">values</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'v2'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p><strong>注意:</strong> 当一次插入多行数据时必须指定时间戳。</p><h3 id="向对齐时间序列插入数据" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#向对齐时间序列插入数据" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 向对齐时间序列插入数据</h3><p>向对齐时间序列插入数据只需在SQL中增加<code>ALIGNED</code>关键词,其他类似。</p><p>示例代码如下:</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-ext="sql"><pre class="language-sql"><code>IoTDB <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">create</span> aligned timeseries root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1<span class="token punctuation">(</span>s1 INT32<span class="token punctuation">,</span> s2 <span class="token keyword">DOUBLE</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| IoTDB <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">insert</span> <span class="token keyword">into</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">time</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> s1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> s2<span class="token punctuation">)</span> aligned <span class="token keyword">values</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| IoTDB <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">insert</span> <span class="token keyword">into</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">time</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> s1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> s2<span class="token punctuation">)</span> aligned <span class="token keyword">values</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| IoTDB <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">select</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1 |
| </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>结果如图所示。由查询结果可以看出,数据的插入操作正确执行。</p><div class="language-text line-numbers-mode" data-ext="text"><pre class="language-text"><code>+-----------------------------+--------------+--------------+ |
| | Time|root.sg1.d2.s1|root.sg1.d2.s2| |
| +-----------------------------+--------------+--------------+ |
| |1970-01-01T08:00:00.001+08:00| 1| 1.0| |
| |1970-01-01T08:00:00.002+08:00| 2| 2.0| |
| |1970-01-01T08:00:00.003+08:00| 3| 3.0| |
| +-----------------------------+--------------+--------------+ |
| Total line number = 3 |
| It costs 0.004s |
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